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Random Variables

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Melicyn M Higoy
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382 views7 pages

Random Variables

Uploaded by

Melicyn M Higoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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| B Illustrate random variables. , Y7) | ® Distinguish between a discrete and a continuous random variable. } | ® Find the possible values of a random variable. } asketball is a very famous sport in the country nowadays. Professional ( b basketball teams scout players from the amateur basketball leagues on either colleges/universities or local communities. Basketball players are being accepted or draft pick based on their performancein the game, and other relevant characteristics. If you are the manager of a basketball team, how would you answer the following inquiries? 1. What information should be obtained to select the player your team needs? 2. How do you count or measure the information needed for making decision? To begin with, let us consider the following: An experiment of chance was conducted where the profiles of 7 professional basketball play during their amateur years are randomly selected. The following is shown: Table 2.1 Profile of professional basketball players during their amateur years Tee ital Vadis) ‘ea Feecueiy Mencia! Gio) Wat “a (intbs) A 5 2 4 | 46 | as 1.83 165 8 10 3 4 59 805 1.88 175 c 18 2 § 67 | 757 1.96 195 D 22 7 8 8 | 684 2.06 210 E 20 4 10 78 50 1.93 205 F Wn ed 15 6 | 453 1.83 160 G 4 2 | 18 5s | 389 1.80 158.2 ‘To answer the questions posted, we need to know certain basic concepts: Elements the source of relevant information or data, ie. an individual, entity, population unit. Variable is the characteristic or property of the element. Random Variable is a variable being measured to produce numerical observations associated with the random outcomes of a chance experiment. Observations are numerical values associated with measuring the variable. There are two types of random variables: 1. Discrete Random Variables are random variables where the observed numerical value are produced by counting and assumes whole numbers only. 2. Continuous Random Variables are random variables where the observed numerical values are results of measuring and may take on any numbers: contained within any numerical intervals. Let us apply and illustrate the concepts to Table 2.1 Elements Random Variables Pe saan eee oe E eee } oe A 5 2 4 4.65 85 1.83 165 8 10 3 4 59 80.5 1.88 175 c 18 5 é 67 78.7 1.96 195 D 22 7 8 8 68.4 2.06 210 E 20 4 | 0 75 50 1.93 205 F 1 3 15 6 45.3 1.83 160 ic a [2 18 5 38.9 1.80 158.2 Discrete Random Variables Continuous Random Variables oe qe said table, “Players” is considered an element, while “Points per game’, er of rebounds per game’, etc. are the random variables. Of these, the first three are discrete random variables, while the last four are the continuous random variables, The variable “Points per game” is considered a discrete random variable since the observation is any whole number from 4 to 22. Since playing time per gameis measured in minutes, the observation took on any value from 4.65 minutes to 8 minutes; this isa continuous random variable. To summarize, consider the following: eral eit Biatert ie bayaps tease el Observations for xis any point Observations for x is a whole number ns within the range Points pergame | 40 and thus, is considered Another example of discrete random variable: Acoin is tossed three times. Let X be the number of heads that we throw. f Coin ; BON T H 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 T H T H NI= NIla > Nia 4 =x 4 =x A = 1 =x N w 0 il 1/8 3/8 3/8 1/8 The variable "number of heads" is a discrete random variable since it can take a countable number of values. While the following quantities would typically be modeled with continuous random variables. They are measurement oftime, distance, and other phenomena that can, at least in theory, be determined to an arbitrary high degree of accuracy. 1. the height or weight of a randomly chosen individual from a population. 2. the duration ofa lecture. 3. the volume of fuel consumned by a bus on it's route. 4. the total distance driven by a taxicab ina day. Note that there are obvious ways to make all of the above examples to be discrete random variables, Key Concepts Variable - characteristic of object or property of element. Random variable - a variable being measured to produce numerical observations associated with the random outcomes of a chance experiment. Observations - numerical values associated with measuring the variable. Discrete random variables - random variables where the observed numerical val- ues are produced by counting and assumes whole numbers only. Continuous random variables - random variables where the observed numerical values are results of measuring and may take on any numbers contained within any numerical intervals. Something to|\Chew on ACTIVITY NO. 6 A. Classify the following according to type of variable. 1. The number of goods sold in a retail store Volume of gasoline consumed by an automatic car . Names listed in a voting center |. Outcomes when tossing a coin Temperature observed in Kelvin units Annual gross sales in a supermarket Actual number of metric tons loaded in a container van .. The angle of elevation projected by missile launchers 9. Type of blood extracted from patients 10. The interest rate on Return on Investment (ROI) 11.pH of an unknown liquid 12. Color of hair 13, Diastolic blood pressure 14.Weight of an overactive pituitary gland 15. Thickness of a book 16.Red blood cell count 17.Volume of water in the lungs of an infected patient 18. Presence or absence of a certain disease 19. Color of the conjunction of the eyes 20. Length of incubation for an ostrich egg ONOaRWHN B. Scholars of physical science devote much of their time in performing experiments. They are interested in verifying theories on areas such as physics, astronomy, geology, and chemistry based on the data resulting from an experiment. The following variables have been gathered through various conditions. Which are discrete and which are continuous variable. « The time traveled by projectile motion . The components of vectors . The force of gravity of an object |. The quantity of satellite orbiting around the earth . The quantity of matter in an object . Magnitude of atoms in a certain molecule . The number of meteorites hitting a satellite per day. . The number of neutrons expelled per thermal neutron absorbed in fission of Uranium-235. 9. The amount of particles in a liter of O, gas. 10. The speed of light from the earth to the moon. 11. Intensity of Earthquake 12, The temperature of water 13.The distance traveled by a moving car 14. The acceleration of a swing at rest 15. The length of the spring as it stretches ON AMRWNS Something toDigest © ACTIVITY NO. 6 A. Fill in the blanks to complete the information table. fests Customer arrival Gear einl fel nica? Uy abs ey) Giarue Nc) Variable Restaurants with 10 seating capacity Roads from farm _| Percentage to market completion Student enrolment | Schools O it female 1ifmale Business Gross sales (in millions of companies Pesos) Observing new- Birth weights (in Ibs) B. eon babies following: Biologist Accountant Economist Engineer Chef Su PRWnNo Computer game developer Give an example of a discrete and a continuous variable that would be an interest to the Discrete Variable Continuous |

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