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Kemal YücelCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 34
TURK STANDARDI
TURKISH STANDARD
BINALARDA KULLANILAN MALZEMELERIN VE
ORUNLERIN HIGROTERMAL PERFORMANSI- SU BUHARI
AKTARIMI OZELLIKLERININ BELIRLENMESi
Hygrothermal performance of building materials and products
- Determination of water vapour transmission properties (ISO
12572:2001)
See
TURK STANDARDLARI ENSTITUSU
Necatibey Caddesi No.112 Bakanliklar/ANKARA TORK STANDARDI
Gn séz
~ Bu standard, Tark Standardlan Enstitisd tarafindan ilgili Avrupa standardi esas almarak TOrk Standart
olarak kabul edilmistr, EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 12572
NORME EUROPEENNE
EUROPAISCHE NORM June 2004
Ics 91,120.10
English version
Hygrothermal performance of building materials and products -
Determination of water vapour transmission properties (ISO
12572:2001)
Pesfornance hysrathoriqus des matérix produits \Worrne- und Icuchistechniaches Verhaitan won Baustfien
‘our le Boument- Determination des propricies de ‘ne Boupraduten = estremng Ger
ansriszon cols vapeur d'eau (190 125727001) \Weaseerdarrptdurchiacalgkat (1&0 12572 2001)
‘This European Standard was aporowet by CEN on 18 October 2900,
CEN mombare are bound te cere With hs CERICENELEC Internat Regulation which atipuate the condions for ving this European
Standard the slatus of national standard without any ateraten, Up-to-date tite and bbllogaphical elerences concening such nation
Sanda may be dbtained on applcalan to the Managemert Cente orto any CEN maeber
‘This European Stancard exist in three offcial versions (Engich, French, German). Aversion many aihar language made by tanslstion
Under tha rasponsibity of & CEN member ita its ows language ard nothed tothe Management Cente has the sarne fais asthe ofa]
CEN members ar the national standards badiae of Ausia, Belgum, Czech Republic, Qerimirk, Finiand, France, Geman, Gres,
leelanc, lela, Maly, Lucerdaug, Netherlands, Norway, Pongal, Spain, Sweden, Sht2erland and Unilae! Kingdon
a— |
ECROPEAN COMMATTTER FOR STANDARUEZTION
COMITE EUROPEEN DE WORBALISATION
ELKOPAISCHES KOMITEE FLX NOR MUNG
Management Gente: rua de Stassntt, 36 B-10S0 Brussels
©2001 CEN Allights of exploation in any form and by any'rmsans rasanved Rot. No. EM Iso. 12572-2001 F
‘werldwisa for CEN national Maribers. Page 2
EIN ISO 12572:2001
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Definitions, symbols and units
4 Principle
5 Apparatus
6 Test specimens
7 Procedure
8 Calculation and expression of results
9 Accuracy of measurement
10 Test report
Annex.A (normative) Methods suitable for self supporting macerials
Annex B (normative) Methods suitable for loose fills
‘Annex C (normative) Methods suitable for membranes and foils
Annex D (normative) Methods suitable for mastics and sealants
Annex E (normative) Methods suitable for paint, varnishéa, ete
Annex F (normative) Correction for the effect of a masked edge of a specimen
Annex G (normative) Correction for resistance of air layers
Annex H (informative) Weighing repeatability, weighing interval and specimen size needed
to achieve desired accuracy
Annex J (informative) Conversion table for water vapour transmission units
ANNEX ZA (normative) Normative references te international publications with their
relevant European publications uM
ANNEX ZB (informative) Informative references to inteational publications with their
i w
Bibliography q Page 3
ENISO 12572:2001
Foreword
The text of EN ISO 12572:2001 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 89
“Thermal performance of buildings and building components", the secretariat of which is held
by SIS, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 163 "Therimal insulation”,
‘This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication
of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2001, and conflicting
national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2001.
‘This standard is one of a series of standards which specify test methods for the thermal and
moisture related properties of building materials and products.
‘The European publications to be used instead of the International Standards listed in clause 2
are given in normative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this European Standard,
The annexes A, B, C, D; E, F, Gand 2A are normative.
The annexes H, J and ZB are informative.
According to the CEN/CENELEC intemal Regulations, the national standards organizations
of the following countries arc bound te implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United
Kingdom, Page 4
EN ISO 12572:2001
1 Scope
‘This standard specifies a method based on cup tests for determining the water vapour
permeance of building products and the water vapour permeability of building materials under
isothermal conditions. Different sets of test conditions are specified.
‘The general principles are applicable 1o all hygroscopic and non hygroscopic building
materials and products, including those with facings and integral skins. Annexes give details
of test methods suitable for different material types. This standard is not applicable in the
ccase of test specimens with water vapour diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness values less
than 0.1 m, as a result of increasing uncertainty in the measurement results. If the measured
‘water vapour diffusion-cquivalent air fayer thickness is greater than 1500 m the material can
bbe considered impermeable.
‘The results obtained by this method are suitable for design purposes, production control and
for inclusion in product specifications,
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
of any of these publications apply to this European standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision, For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred t0
applies (including amendments)
180.9346 Thermal insulation - Mass transfer - Physical quantities and definitions Page 5
EN ISO 12572:2001
3 Definitions, symbols and units
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO. 9346 and the
following apply.
al
density of water vapour flow rate
‘mass of water vapour transferred through the specimen pet area and per time
312
homogeneous material
material with properties likely to affect the transmission of water vapour which do not vary
on a macroscopic scale
3.13
water vapour permeance
density of water vapour flow rate divided by the water vapour pressure difference between the
two specimen faces
B14
water vapour resistance
reciprocal of water vapour permeance
21s
water vapour permeability
product of the water vapour permeance and the thickness of a homogencous specimen
NOTE Water vapour permeability can only be calculated for specimens of a
homogeneous material
B16
water vapour resistance factor
‘water vapour permeability of air divided by that of the material concemed
NOTE. The water vapour resistance factor indicates haw much greater the resistance
of the material is compared to an equally thick laycr of stationary air at the same
temperature.
3.17
water vapour diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness
thickness ofa motionless air layer which has the same water vapour resistance as the
specimen Page 6
EN ISO 12572:2001
3.2 Symbols and units
Symbol_| Quantity Unit
‘4 | arca of specimen mm
G —_| water vapour flow rate through specimen kp’s
R, | gas constant for water vapour = 462 NeawikeK)
S| hydraulic diameter of specimen m
T | thermodynamic temperature K
W, | water vapour permeance with respect to partial kg'(m?-s Pa)
vapour pressure
Z, —_| water vapour resistance with respect to partial ms Parke
vapour pressure
D_—_| mean thickness of specimen m
g | density of water vapour flow rate kgm?)
t diameter of circle or side of square specimen m
m | mass.of specimen and cup assembly ke.
p | barometric pressure hPa
po _| standard barometric pressure= 1013,25 hPa
$4 | water vapour diffusion-equivalent air layer m
thickness
t time s
Spw | water vapour pressure difference across specimen | Pa
& _| water vapour permeability with respect to partial | kg/(m-s'Pa)
‘vapour pressure
6, | water vapour permeability of air with respect to —_| kg/(m-s-Pa)
partial vapour pressure
| water vapour resistance factor -
@ Celsius temperature *c
relative humidit
‘NOTE The above units comply with ISO 9346; a conversion table to other units
‘commonly used in permeability measurements is given in annex J.
3. Subscripts
Subscript _| Denoting
1 interval
repeatability
air
‘corrected for ait layer
r
a
c
f
rr Ee Page?
EN ISO 12572:2001
4 Principle
‘The test specimen is sealed to the open side of a test cup coniaining cither a desiccant (dry
-cup) or an aqueous saturated solution (wet cup), The assembly is then placed in a temperature
and humidity controlled test chamber. Becanse af the different partial vapour pressure
between the test cup and the chamber, a vapour flow occurs through permeable specimens
Periodic weighings of the assembly are made to determine the rate of water vapour
‘transmission in the steady state.
5 Apparatus
a) Test cups resistant to corrosion from the desiccant or salt solutions they contains typically
cups are made of glass or metal.
‘The design of cups suitable for testing various different types of materials is described in
annexes A to E,
NOTE. Circular cups can be easier to seal and transparent cups allow better control of
salt solutions,
b) For certain cups and sealing methods (see annex A), a template, with shape and size
corresponding to that of the test cup, is used when applying the sealant to give a sharply
defined, reproducible test arca, The template shall have an arca of at least 90 % of the
specimen to limit non-linear vapour flow.
©) Measuring instruments capable of determining specimen thickness with accuracy required
in 7.2.
4) Analytical balance, capable of weighing the test assembly with the repeatability needed
for the required accuracy. Wherever possible a balance of 0,001 g resolution shall be
used. For heavy test assemblies a balance resolution of 0,01 g may be sufficient. Sce
annex H for information linking the balance resolution to the duration of test.
NOTE The factors that affect the necessary accuracy of measurement are discussed in
annex H.
©) Constant temperature, constant humidity chamber, capable of being maintained within
£3 % relative humidity around the sct point relative humidity and + 0,5 K around the set
point temperature. In order to ensure uniform conditions throughout the chamber, the air
shall be stirred so as to obtain velocities between 0,02 mvs and 0,3 mvs. If highly
permeable materials are being tested, means should be provided to measure the air peed
directly over the upper surface of the specimen - sce annex G.
1) Suitable sensors and a logging system to continuously record the temperature, relative
humidity and, if necessary, the barometric pressure within the test chamber. The sensors
shall be calibrated at regular intervals. Pave 8
EN ISO 12572-2001
1) Sealant, which is impermeable to water vapour, does noc undergo physical or chemical
changes during the test and docs not cause physical or chemical changes to the specimen.
NOTE Examples of sealants suitable for specific materials, if necessary, are listed in
the appropriate annex.
6 Test specimens
6.1 General principles for preparation of test specimens
The test specimens shall be representative of the product. If the product has natural skins or
integral facings, these may bc included in the test specimen, but they shall be temoved if itis
intended to measure the permeability of the core material, Ifthe skins or facings ate different
on the two sides, specimens shall be tested with vapour flow in the direction of the intended
use. Ifthe direction of flow is not known, duplicate specimens shall he prepared and tests
carried out for each direction of flow. Unless the product to be tested in isotropic, the test
specimens shall be cut so that the parallel faces are normal to the direction of vapour flow of
the product in use.
Specimen preparation shall not involve methods which damage the surface in ways which
Affect the flow of water vapour.
6.2 Dimensions of test specimens
6.2.1 Shape and fit
‘Test specimens shall be cut to correspond with the dimensions of the chosen test assembly ~
see annexes A to E.
6.22 Exposed area
‘The diameter of a circular specimen or the side of a square specimen shall be at least twice the
specimen thickness, The exposed area (the arithmetic mean of the upper and lower free
surface arcas} shall be at least 0,005 m*. The upper and lower free surface ateas shall not
differ by more than 3 % of the mean in the case of homogencous materials, and by no more
than 10 % in the case of other materials.
6.2.3 Thickness of test specimens.
‘Whenever possible, the thickness of the specimen shall be that of the product in use. In the
case of homogeneous materials, if the thickness exceeds 100 mm, this may be reduced by
cutting, In the case of non homogencous materials, such as concrete containing aggregates, the
thickness should be at least three times (and preferably five times) the largest particle size,
‘If.a material contains macroscopic formed voids, the solid material should be (ested and the
resistance of the whole material calculated from the proportions of solid to air space assuming
‘one dimensional vapour flow. Page?
EN ISO 12572-2001
IF it is necessary to test a product so thick that the available test cups do not have an area lange
enough to comply with 6.2.2, the product may, only as a last resort, be sliced. In this case, all
slices shall be tested and the resulls reported.
NOTE This procedure may lead to significant inaccuracies, especially when wet cup
ests are carried out on hygroscopic materials.
6.3 Number of iest specimens
Ifthe specimen area is fess than 0,02 m3, a minimum of five specimens shall be tested,
otherwise a minimum of three specimens shall be tested.
64 Conditioning of test specimens
Before testing, the test specimens shall be stored at (23 4 5) °C, (50+ 5) % relative humidity
for a pesiod long enough for their weight to stabilise so thal three successive daily
determinations of their weight agree to within 5 %.
NOTE This period will vary from a few hours in the case of some insulating materials
to 3-4 weeks of more for massive hygroscopic materials and products, Wet field
specimens may be dried before conditioning using the methods specified in
180 12570, Hygrothermal performance of building materials and products ~
Determination of moisture content by drying at elevated temperature.
A period of conditioning is not necessary in the ease of plastic membranes. Page 10
IBN ISQ 12572:2001
7 Procedure
7.1 Test conditions
‘Select the desired test environment from the sets of conditions given in Table 1.
‘Table Il - Test com
jons
Condition Relative humidity
°C-%RH “6 %
Dry state Wet slate
‘Set point | Tolerance | Sex point | Tolerance
A_| 23-050. 23£05 o +3 50 a3
B | 23-0785 23205 o +3 85 +3
© | 33-5003 2205 +3 93 +3
D_| 38-093 3805 +3 93 +3
NOTE | ‘Dry cup’ tests (condition A) give information about the performance of
materials at low humidities when moisture transfer is dominated by vapour difTusion
“Wet cup” tests (condition C) give guidance about the performance of materials under
high humidity conditions, At higher humidities, the material pores start to fill with
‘water; this increases the transport of liquid water and reduces vapour transport, Tests
in this area therefore give some information about liquid water transport within
materials. This is discussed further in ISO 15148, Hygrothermal performance of
building materials and products - Determination of water absorption coefficient by
partial immersion.
Other sets of temperature and relative humidity may be agroed between the parties when
needed for special application conditions.
NOTE 2 The following are examples of desiccants and saturated aqueous solutions
which produce the specified air relative humidities at 23 °C:
a) Desiceants
Calcium chloride, CaCl - particle size <3 mm 0%
Magnesium perchlorate, Mg(C10.):) 0%
b) Aqueous solutions
Magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3}2 53%
Potassium chloride, KCL 85%
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, NIILPOs 93 % Page 11
EN ISO 12572:2001
Potassium nitrate, KNO3 94%
Further details of suitable solutions can be found in annexes A and B of ISO 12571,
Lygrothermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of
hygroscopic sorption curves,
Regular checks shall be made, especially during long tests, to ensure that aturated solutions
remain as a mixture of liquid with a large amount of undissolved substance
All chemical substances shall be handled with cate and in accordance with relevant safety
regulations.
7.2 Preparation of specimen and test assembly
Prepare test spocimens to correspond to the test assembly used - see annexes A to E,
Mcasure the thickness of specimens to the nearest 0,1 fini, oF to an accuracy of = 0.5 %,
whichever is the more accurate, For rigid materials, measure the thickness of test specimens
at four positions equally spaced around the circumference. Calculate the mean thickness of
cach test specimen. Record the procedure used to measure the effective thickness of
compressible and loose-fill materials and of test specimens with irregular surfaces.
Place the desiccant or aqueous solution, with a minimum depth of 15 mm in the bottom of
cach cup. Scal the fest specimen into the cup, using the appropriate technique specified in the
relevani annex, ‘The air space between the desiccant or saturated solution and the specimen
shall be (15 5) mm,
Prepare a test assembly using a cup and sealant system suitable for the type of matcrial under
test - see annexes A to E.
7.3 Test procedure
weighing procedure.
NOTE Annex H gives guidance on the ways of reaching the required accuracy.
Weighings shall be carried out in an environment with a temperature within = 2 °C of the test
condition, wherever possible within the test chamber, Figure | shows an arrangement for
small chambers.
‘The temperature and relative humidity within the test chamber shall be recorded continuously
with suitable sensors, The calibration of the sensors shall be checked regularly. Page 12
EN ISO 12572:2001
‘The barometric pressure at the testing laboratory shall be measured daily during the test:
obtained from a closely adjacent meteorological station.
Key
1 Balance
2 Controlled environment test chamber with ‘glove box’ access door
3° Suspended weighing platform
4 Test assembly during weighing
Figure 1 - Example of an arrangement of balance and test assemblies for weighing
procedures in a chamber
Continue weighings until five successive determinations of change in mass per weighing
interval for each test specimen are constant within + 5 % of the mean value for this specimen
(or within 10 % for low permeance materials with > 750 000) and until the change in
weight of the cup assembly exceeds 100 times the repeatability of the weighing procedure.
Plot a curve of change in mass against time to facilitate recognition of the condition of
constant mass change rate.
The test shall be terminated prematurely when:
i) ina dry cup test, the assembly has gained more that 1,5 g per 25 ml of desiccant in the cup;
ii) in a wet cup test, the weight loss is half the initial mass of the solution in the cup. Page 13
EN ISO 12572:2001
8 Calculation and expression of results
8.1 Mass change rate
For each set of successive weighings of the specimens, calculate the mass change rate, Avis,
using :
vin a
toh
where
Ara is the change of mass per time for a single determination, in kg/s;
m is the mass of the test assembly at time 4, in kg;
m is the mass of the test assembly at time 2, in kg;
fyandf, —_are the successive times of weighings, in s.
Calculate the regression line between mass and time, excluding the earlier, non-linear, stage of
the test, The slope of this line is G, in kg/s
NOTE If required, the standard error of the slope of the regression line (i.e. the
standard error of the flow rate) can be found by standard statistical methods.
8.2 Density of water vapour flow rate
The density of water vapour flow rate, g, is given by:
nce
7 Q)
where
A is the exposed area (arithmetic mean of the free upper and free lower surface
areas) of the test specimen, in m’.
Ifa cup and sealant system which includes a ‘masked edge’ (see annex A) has been used,
values shall be corrected before being used to calculate further parameters - see annex F.
8.3 Water vapour permeance
‘The water vapour permeance, W, is given by :
G
A-dp,
8)
The value of Apy shall be calculated from the mean of the measured temperature and relative
humidity over the course of the test. Page 14
EN ISO 12572:2001
NOTE For temperatures greater than 0 °C, the vapour pressure on either side of the
specimen may be calculated from the temperature and relative humidity using (see
reference [11] in the Bibliography):
172696
Pea = 96105-6777
If highly permeable materials or thin membranes, with ss < 0,2 m, are being tested, the
resistance of the air gap between the base of the sample and the desiccant or saturated solution
shall be taken into account in the calculation of W’- see annex G.
8.4 Water vapour resistance
The water vapour resistance, Z, is the reciprocal of the water vapour permeance:
1
@)
8.5 Water vapour permeability
The water vapour permeability, , is given by:
b=Wed 6)
8.6 Water vapour resistance factor
The water vapour resistance factor, is defined by the equation :
5,
a 6)
_ ©
Equation (7), known as the Schirmer formula, is used to calculate 6,, using the mean
barometric pressure, p, over the test.
i
5, = Po (S o
R,-T-p\273
Values of 6; at 23 °C are shown in Figure 2.
The water vapour permeability of air and the material may be assumed to vary equally with
the barometric pressure. The factor 17 can therefore be considered independent of barometric.
pressure. When calculating the density of water vapour flow rate using the expression :
@)
the value of 6, shall correspond to the actual barometric pressure. Page 15
EN ISO 12572:2001
‘Vapour permeability 10'° kg/(m.s.Pa)
24
22
20
18 ——
800 850 00 950 1000 1050 1100 pe
Darometric Pressure
Figure 2 - Water vapour permeability of air as a function of barometric pressure at
23°C
8.7 Water vapour diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness
‘The water vapour diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness, sa, is given by either:
wed (9a)
sa= OeZ (9b)
9 Accuracy of measurement
9.1 General
This clause and annex H discuss the factors that affect the accuracy of the result and give
guidance how to improve it, if necessary.
NOTE A number of ‘round-robin’ intercomparisons of measurements by different
laboratories have been carried out - see references [6], [7] and [8] in the Bibliography
for discussion of the results.
A number of factors affect the accuracy of the measured values.
9.2 Specimen area
The diameter of a circular test cup or the side of a square test cup shall be measured to an
accuracy of + 0,5 mm, giving a possible error in the area of a specimen of the minimum size
specified in 6.2.2 (i.e. 0,005 m2) of +0,5 %. This error will be less with larger specimens.
For certain cup types it will be necessary to correct for the effect of a masked edge as
specified in annex F. Page 16
EN ISO 12572:2001
9.3 Specimen thickness
If the permeance or resistance of a complete product is being measured, the accuracy is
affected by the thickness. However if the permeability of a material is needed, the
with which the specimen thickness can be measured will directly effect the accuracy of
result. The thickness of a rigid specimen can be measured to better than 0,5 % with a
micrometer.
NOTE The accuracy will be lower in the case of loose fill and similar materials.
9.4 Sealants
If an appropriate sealant is installed as specified in the annexes, errors caused by leakage:
‘be much less than those from other sources. A faulty seal will result in a much higher flow
rate through one of the test assemblies; that result shall be rejected before averages are
over the samples.
9.5 Weighing precision
The influence of weighing uncertainty on the accuracy of the results depends on the size off
specimen and the time interval between successive weighings.
NOTE Information about the weighing repeatability needed to achieve a desired
accuracy in relation to the specimen size and weighing interval is given in annex H.
9.6 Control of environmental conditions
The vapour pressure difference between the test cup and the environmental chamber is the
