FORM TP 2016082 MAY/JUNE 2016 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Zz oe. resrcope 01253020 | CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CER EXAMINATION ICATE® HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY Paper 02 — General Proficiency 2 hours READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. 1. This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections 2. Answer ALL questions. 3. Write your answers inthe spaces provided in this booklet. 4, Do NOT write in the margins. | 5. Ifyou need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this booklet, Remember to draw a line through Your original answer. 6. Ifyou use the extra page(s), you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include the question part beside the answer. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Copyright © 2014 Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved. L.ovess0208 2016 MOEN aI 0125302003DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA ee DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA SECTION A Answer ALL questions in this section. ‘Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. 1. (a) Matthew is interested in increasing his body mass. His trainer recommends that his diet should contain more complex carbohydrates and suggests that he use foods such as potato and cassava, which are rich in starch. (i) Name a test that Matthew could use to determine the presence of starch in his diet. (mark) (ii) Other than potato and cassava, state TWO foods that are rich in starch, “(@ marks) (iii) Which of the following foods should Matthew ingest for growth and repair of his muscle tissue: fish, plantain, carrots, lentil peas? (mark) (iv) Name TWO reagents that Matthew should use to test for the presence of protein in his meal. (@ marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 01253020/F 2016 im ~ LE 0125302005 ier -6- af (b) Table 1 shows the number of children (in hundreds) who suffer from diet-related diseases in Country X and Country Y. TABLE 1: DIET-RELATED DISEASES OF CHILDREN IN TWO COUNTRIES, X AND Y @ Gi) Git) (iv) = i cee Number of Children Disease Country x | Country ¥ Marasmus| ee T Kwashiorkor 70 30 Scurvy 35 4s Night blindness 20 25 On the grid provided on page 7, draw a bar graph to represent the data in Table 1 G marks) Which country has the HIGHER incidence of BOTH marasmus and kwashiorkor? “(mark Which country has the LOWER incidence of diseases altogether? (1 mark) Using your knowledge of nutritional diseases, suggest the major nutrient that may be lacking in the diet of children from Country X that could cause them to develop night blindness, and state ONE source of this nutrient. Nutrient. Source @ marks) (©) Asaresult ofa change in government, a certain country no longer suffers from the effects of hunger. Suggest TWO diseases that could develop as a result of overeating and lack of exercise. 01253020/F 2016 L (2 marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE AN _] 0125302006DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA ‘Total 15 marks DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE i | 302007 01253020/F 2016 | (Mut7 * 7 x (@) State the meaning of EACH of the following terms: Diffusion @ marks) Osmosis 2 marks) () Figure 1 and Figure 2 represent experiments to show the movement of molecules. LJ) S Figure 1. Experiment on movement of molecules Concentrated sugar Water Figure 2. Experiment on movement of molecules (i) Both experiments show the movement of molecules. Suggest TWO differences between the movement of molecules in Figure | and Figure 2. (@ marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE, 01253020/F 2016 a (000A a 0125302008 3 4 ‘ § 4 s s : 2 4 QDO NOT WRITE IN THUS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA Gi) Gi) © @ (i) 01253020/F 2016 is 4 In which of the diagrams, Figure 1 or Figure 2, is osmosis taking place? “(@mark) After one hour, what would be expected to happen to the level of water in the beaker in Figure 2? Explain why this would occur, @ marks) ‘The process of diffusion is necessary in the human body in order for it to obtain essential materials. Other than the small intestine, state TWO organs in the human. body in which diffusion occurs. (2 marks) ‘The inner surface of the small intestine is modified to carry out its function. One modification is the villus. Describe and explain the structure and function of the villus. (marks) Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE ovzs30008 |2 “° 7 3. (a) Name the end products of EACH of the following types of cellular respiration: @ Aerobie “G marks) Gi) Anaerobic marks) () Breathing involves inspiration and expiration, Figure 3 shows the position of the rib cage uring breathing Vertebral column, Ribs pivot on Dackbone Figure 3. Position of the rib cage during breathing (Which of the drawings in Figure 3, A or B, shows the rib cage during inspiration? (mark) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01253020/F 2016 fe SINAN 8 | (0125302010DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DONOTWRITEINTHISAREA -it- | (ii) With the aid of Figure 3, outline the activities that occur during the process of inspiration, (4 marks) (©) Desiréchas difficulty breathing during the dry season when bush fires occur. Her bronchiole tubes become inflamed and she often has to be hospitalized. (i) Suggest the disease from which Desirée is MOST likely suffering, (1 mark) (ii) Other than smoke, suggest TWO factors that may trigger Desirée’s disease. (2 marks) (ii) Name the treatment that Desirée MOST likely receives at the hospital. (mark) Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01253020/F 2016Pr -12- eI 4. (a) __ Figure 4 illustrates a form of cell division in humans. Figure 4. Diagrammatic representation of cell division in humans @ Gi) Gi) (vy) 01253020/F 2016 Es Identify the type of cell division illustrated in Figure 4. (imark) Which type of cells, sex cells or somatic cells, are produced by this process? (mark) ‘What is the chromosome number of the parent cell and the daughter cell? Parent cell Daughter cell . (2 marks) Which TWO types of sex chromosomes are fathers able to pass on to their offspring? (marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (ANT A 0 _| (0125302012THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE L r “P. a (6) Sunil receives a painful blow to his groin during a game. Later he wonders why his testes are not protected inside his body. (Explain to Sunil the advantage of his testes being carried outside his body. G marks) Gi) Sunil and his wife would like to have a child. Outline the roles that the epididymis, the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland play in forming semen in Sunil’s body. G marks) (©) @_Sunil’s wife teams that cervical cancer is common and kills many women in the Caribbean, What TWO measures should she take to protect herself from cervical cancer? ‘@ marks) (ii) Cervical cancer is believed to be caused by a sexually transmitted infection. Name ONE other sexually transmitted infection. (mark) ‘Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE a 01253020/F 2016 fe NEE 00 A 0125302013,(a) (b) -14- | SECTION B Answer ALL questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. () Identity the single-cell organism that causes malaria and state the TWO tissues/organs that it destroys in the human body. Organism. Organs (3 marks) (ii) List THREE symptoms that someone suffering from malaria is likely to exhibit. (3 marks) While on vacation Ravi enjoys some oysters and drinks a glass of water. The next morning, he experiences severe abdominal cramps and diarrhoea. Discuss the disease that Ravi most likely contracted. Include in your discussion, the name of the disease, the causative organism, TWO possible ways in which Ravi may have contracted it, and TWO steps that he could take to avoid getting ill like this in the future. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01253020/F 2016 IE HO | 0125302044DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DONOT WRITE INTHISAREA (REA a ° marks) Total 15 marks DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AR GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE, 01253020/F 2016 NA L 0125302015 i-16- 4 §& (@) Describe THREE ways in which water is cycled between the earth and the atmosphere, (©) Kheana has a garden near a pond from wi 6 marks) hhich she can fish. She notices that the surface of the pond is covered by water plants. Later she observes dead plants and dead fish in the pond. Explain to Kheana why the fish in the pond are most likely dying, 01253020/F 2016 L_ C000 00 0125302016 “ marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE ilDO NOT WRITE IN THIS A1ee 4 DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA A DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DONOT WRITE IN THIS AREA -17- “| (©) Acme Industries have been dumping their chemical waste in a river that is frequented by a diversity of animals and used by humans for swimming and fishing, Explain the effect that these chemicals have on the food chain, marks) ‘Total 15 marks END OF TEST IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST. 01253020/F 2016 a INCA ot