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Importance of Phylum Porifera/Sponges With

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(The most Primitive animals)
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Sponges are actually belongs to phylum Porifera.The Word Porifera is derived from porus=
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pore, and ferra= to bear. The Porifera are pore-bearing animals, commonly called sponges
haaving holes or pores on their bodies. they are multicellular and have no organs. sound  Mathematics 3

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Importance of Phylum Porifera.
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Sponges are found almost everywhere in the world but a large number is found in tropical
water. All animals are aquatic. Out of the total of 5000 species, 150 species live in water
while all other species are marine. They are called the most primitive phyla of animal
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General Characteristic of Sponges

sponges almost have needlelike structure which is called spicules. you can birely found it on
their soft body wall.by pressing the bodies of sponges, they secrete unpleasant sensation.

1. These animals are multicellular. There is no tissue organization. So they have no organs.

2. Sponges lack symmetry.

3. The body wall of most sponges is formed of two layers.

Pinacoderm: It ¡s the outer layer. It is made up of cells called pinacocytes.

Choanoderm: It is the inner layer. It is made up of flagellated cells called choanocytes.

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4. Between two layers s present gelatinous mesenchyma. This mesenchyma contains

amoeboid cells and spicules (skeleton) or spongin fibers.

5. The size of Porifera may be from a few millimeters wide to more than one meter tall. So
sponges are macroscopic i.e. can be seen with the naked eye. Scolymatra Roubini is a
barrel-like glass sponge of Antarctica. It is more than a meter tall.

6. There is a single cavity inside the body called spongocoel. This spongocoel may be
divided into flagellated chambers or canals. These canal or chambers are lined by
flagellated choanocytes.

7. Numerous pores are present in the body wall. There are two types of pores.

Ostia: The pores through which water enters the body are called Ostia.

Osculum: The pore through which water leaves the body is called Osculum. It is the
main body opening.

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8. There are no respiratory or circulatory organs in them.

9. The sponges are sessile. So they depend on water current for food. The movement of
this water current within the spongocoel takes pace by flagella of choanocytes. The 20%
food of sponges is small animals, zooplankton, plants, and phytoplankton. 80% of their
food consists of decomposed organic particles.

10. The food enters the spongocoel through Ostia. The flagellated choanocytes ingest (b)
this food form spongocoel.

11. The waste products directly diffuse out of the body wall or they are removed through
the osculum.

12. The sponges are stationary. They remain attached to the rock or other solid objects at
the bottom. Their larvae can move.

13. There is no definite nervous system in them. However, some neurosensory and neuron
cells are present. These cells coordinate the flow of water.

14. The skeleton is composed of spicules. These spicules are different shaped needle-like
structures. They may be calcareous (made up of CaCO3) or siliceous (silica or sand).
The bathe sponge has a skeleton of sponging fibers. The skeleton is present among the
pinacocytes.

These are also present around the osculum and Ostia. Skeleton provides support to the body.

15. Sponges reproduce both asexually and sexually.

Asexual reproduction: It takes place by budding. The bud may be external or internal.
The internal bud is called gemmules. Bud develops into a new sponge.

Sexual reproduction: Some species of sponges reproduce sexually. These are mostly
hermaphrodite and protandrous (male sex cells develop first). In some sponges the
sexes are separate. The sperms are released in the water. They enter the spongocoel
and are carried to the egg by amoeboid cells.

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Fertilization occurs ¡n the mesenchyma and zygote are formed. The embryo passes through
blastula and larval stages during its development.

Examples of Phylum Porifera

1. Sycon: It is a typical marine sponge.

2. Leucoselenia: It consists of a group of erect tubes.

3. Euplectella: It is a beautiful and delicate sponge. It is made up of a glassy framework

(e). It is commonly called the Venus flower basket.

4. Spongilla: It is a freshwater sponge.

Economics Importance of Phylum Porifera

(Sponges)

Sponges play a vital role in the economic and comercial growth of our society. some sponges
are used in the bath because of their skeleton. the followings are the uses of sponges.

1. Man uses the skeleton of sponges for washing and bathing. Many artificial sponges have
been made from synthetic material. But still, there is much demand for the natural
sponge. It is an important industry in any part of the world. The best commercial
sponges are found in the warm water of the Mediterranean Sea.

2. Sponges have a great capacity to absorb water. So they are used in surgical operations
for absorbing fluid and blood.

3. Sponges are also used for sound absorption in buildings.

4. during the cultivation of radish and other fast-growing seeds and food items, sponges
are used to maintain the agriculture at a large scale.

5. for the quick sprouting out of seeds in agriculture, sponges are used as a moistened. it
creates a container arround the seed.

6. to avoid cracks, it is also used as a box with fragile things to protect them from having
cracks on them. which provides softness and safety against being breakable.

7. sponges play important role in catching the oil leakes. they are wrapped up with some
tools to hold them safely so that they don’t slip into your hands.

8. they are also used to try the inside of the vase by putting it in a stick.

9. by mixing it in sopas and detergents, it saves soaps from melting fast, moreever,
putting sponges on the soaps,it can suck extra water which caused melting down of the
soap.

10. it can be used as eliminate stink odor from the refrigerator by sprinklinkg it a small
amount.

11. by putting some sponges on the base of wares, it can avoid wares from scratches.

12. it is also used to remove sticking wallpapers from the walls just because of soaking the
sponges into water and viping it over the wall with the help of stuborn left paper.

13. used as scrub while taking bath.

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