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Speed Control of IMD

1. Voltage control is only suitable for low power applications like fans, while frequency and voltage control together can achieve higher efficiency than just voltage control for higher power applications. 2. Below rated speed, the flux and torque are maintained constant by varying frequency and voltage together. Above rated speed, the voltage cannot be increased further so frequency is increased while flux decreases to keep the torque constant. 3. Inverter output frequency and voltage can be controlled by varying the reference signal frequency and amplitude respectively. With zero reference, no output is produced.

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Senpai Tashi
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63 views

Speed Control of IMD

1. Voltage control is only suitable for low power applications like fans, while frequency and voltage control together can achieve higher efficiency than just voltage control for higher power applications. 2. Below rated speed, the flux and torque are maintained constant by varying frequency and voltage together. Above rated speed, the voltage cannot be increased further so frequency is increased while flux decreases to keep the torque constant. 3. Inverter output frequency and voltage can be controlled by varying the reference signal frequency and amplitude respectively. With zero reference, no output is produced.

Uploaded by

Senpai Tashi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Voltage control is prefer only for low power applications (Fan applications).

2. For higher power applications, the voltage and frequency can be controlled
to achieve the higher efficiency than voltage control method, which is
discussed as follows as bellow
1. Here, the delay can be provided to increase the speed in slower for
maintaining the stability of the system.
2. If the supply frequency of the motor is changed abruptly, then machine will
go to the unstable.
For below base speed control,
1. At closer to above half of the base/rated speed, →V=E, Stator flux maintains
as a constant value →ɸ=(V↓/f ↓)=(V↑/f ↑)=approximately maintains
constant→Tmax = k(V↓/f ↓)= constant, b/c (Rs/f ) is very less value.
2. At low speed range (below half of the base/rated speed), →V is not same as
E, due to increase a significant portion of stator impedance or resistance drop
→ →ɸ↓=(V↓/f ↓)= the flux is not maintained constant due to ɸ is proportional
to E, the amount of E further reduced by ↓f →↓Tmax = k(V↓/f ↓)= b/c (Rs/f ) is
significantly high value.
3. As f ↓ from below rated frequency, Tmax=(V↓/ f ↓)=→To=Constant with the
constant load torque→ Po ↓= T *↓Ꞷm
For speed above rated speed control, the supply voltage can not be increased more
than the rated due more stress on stator winding insulation.
1. Therefore, V=f ↑ɸ↓= f ↓ɸ↑=constant @ above rated speed (for above rated
speed, the stator flux is going reduced than the rated value and hence, this
region of control is also called as Field weakening region control as like dc
motor control)
2. As f ↑, Tmax↓=(V/ f ↑)→T↓→ Po= T↓ *Ꞷm↑= Constant
Three phase inverter 180 degree Mode of operation:

Here, the Line voltages are leading by 30 degrees w.r.t phase voltage.
Advantage:
1. More amount of voltage can be developed than 120 degree mode
Disadvantage:
1. There will be a less operating time of the inverter in which each leg/phase
being short-circuited (T16,T34, T52). Later, there will be huge current flow in
the dc source through the switches but not face any problem in the
load/motor side. Therefore to limit this short-circuiting current, the dead
time in micro-seconds can be provided.

Note:
1. The inverter output frequency can be controlled by varying the reference or
modulating frequency/time-period of the converter.
Ex:
1. If the frequency/time-period of the reference/modulating wave is
increased/decreased, then there will be increased/decreased output
frequency of the inverter
2. If the frequency of the reference/modulating wave is zero, all the switches
are connected to top/bottom side of dc-link voltage source. For a while,
there will be some currents, torque takes place and later the speed of the
induction motor will wait for further sped commend (reference) either in
forward or reverse direction.

2. The inverter output voltage can be controlled by changing the amplitude of


the reference/modulating wave
Ex.
3. If the amplitude of the reference/modulating wave is increased, then
there will be more output voltage of the inverter
4. If the amplitude of the reference/modulating wave decreased, then there
will be less output voltage of the inverter
5. If we stop working of the inverter, then there won’t be any reference
/modulating wave present or zero amplitude of reference /modulating.
Finally, there won’t be any comparison involved in the system. No pulses
are generated →No voltage developed in the inverter output side.
Three phase inverter 120 degree Mode of operation:
Advantage: The dead-band circuit is not required
Disadvantage: Less amount of voltage can be developed than 180 degree mode
V/f control with Slip speed Control:

 This operation always achieved a stable operation even for wide range speed
control of motor than the normal speed control
Here, s=Ꞷsl/( kꞶms)
1. If the dc link voltage is reduced → error =+ve → Motoring region →Power
feed from Conv.1 to Conv.2
2. If the dc link voltage is increased → error =-ve → Regenerative braking region
or power generation from the motor→ Power feed from Conv.2 to Conv.1
3.
Control of Slip Ring Induction Motor:

In case of rotor resistance control,


Advantages:
1. The starting current can be limited with rotor resistance
2. The starting torque can be increased to maximum as like for traction
applications
3. The speed can be controlled up to base speed without required power
electronics devices, driver circuits, interfacing devices along with complex
control algorithm
Disadvantages:
1. Energy Losses are increased
2. Heating effect on the rotor winding can be increased
3. Efficiency can be decreased
 Here, As Id is controlled, then torque (T) can be controlled b/c, T is proportional
to Ir, which again depends on Id. Hence, by maintaining a constant torque, the
speed of SRIM can be controlled up-to base speed

Fig. 6.52 closed loop control scheme with inner current control loop.
 Generally, SRIM employed for very large power applications (MW range) and
the overall efficiency of the drive can be improved. Here (Normal rotor
resistance or static rotor control), the more amount of the power wasted un-
necessary in the rotor circuit.
 To recover the rotor energy, the slip-power recovery control schemes of SRIM
drive are employed below.

Slip Power Recovery Scheme:


Assumptions:
1. Stator and rotor turns ratios are equal
2. Rotor copper losses are neglected, then Pm=Pg - Pr
Where, Pr =power absorbed by the source Vr and the magnitude of Pr can be controlled by controlling
the magnitude of magnitude and phase of Vr.

 When Pr =0, →motor runs on its natural speed and characteristics


 When Pr =+ve, → Pm ↓→ motor will run at lower speed for the same load torque
 When Pr = Pg, → Pm and consequently the speed will be zero
 Therefore, Pr = (0 to Pg) → speed control range from ωms to 0
 When Pr = -ve, → Vr acts as the source power → Pm> Pg → ωm > ωms → polarity of Vr is
reversed
 When rotor copper losses are neglected → Pr =s Pg =slip power
The speed control below synchronous speed is obtained by controlling the slip power and the same
approach was adopted in rotor resistance control. However, instead of wasting power in external
resistance, it is usefully employed here. Hence, these methods of speed control are classified as slip
power recovery schemes as classified as
1. Static Scherbius Drives
2. Kramer Drives

Static Scherbius Drive:

 Speed control possible below/up-to the Ꞷms

(rotor cu losses)
Ꞷms

; Ꞷm=Ꞷms

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