TUP MANILA ROTC SY 2021

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TUP MANILA ROTC SY 2021

LOYALTY, HONOR. INTEGRITY

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Scope of the Lesson

➢ Knots and their usage
➢ Definition of Terms
➢ Loops
➢ Hitches
➢ Bends

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Knots & Their Uses

• A good knot holds but is easy to open if necessary
• There are different knots for different purposes and all knots
are not good for all purposes
• Practice makes perfect
• A good knot needs not to be complicated, use the simplest
one good enough for the job

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Cont...
• There is a difference in situations where there is constant pull
on the rope or if it is sometimes loose and sometimes taut
• Sometimes it is important to be able to open the knot, even if
there is a heavy load on the line
• Learn the difference of the wrong way to do it and the right
way to do it, especially how the wrong way to do it causes
the knot to slip or makes it difficult to open

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Definition of Terms
➢ Knot - a knot is tied in a rope or piece of webbing.
➢ Hitch - a hitch connects a rope to another object like a carabiner or
even another rope.
➢ Bend - a bend is a knot that joins two ropes together.
➢ Bight - a bight is a section of rope between the ends.
➢ Standing end - the standing end or part of the rope is the side that’s
not being used during knot tying.
➢ Working end - the working end or part of the rope is the side that is
being used during knot tying.

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Loops

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Alpine Butterfly (also known as Lineman’s Loop)

The alpine butterfly loop is a knot used to
form a loop in the middle of a rope. Once
tied, the loop will not shift up and down the
rope. It is good for adding a stationary loop
in a continuous piece of rope, without
bending the rope.

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Alpine Butterfly (also known as Lineman’s Loop)

2 Pull it around and 3 Pull all the way up to

pass through the lower tighten the knot
loop
1 Make a Loop like an
‘8’, fold the upper loop
down
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Alpine Butterfly (also known as Lineman’s Loop)

Good Points
• Will take a load in any of the three directions (independently or together)
• Easy to tie
• Can be tied quickly
• Can be tied without access to the ends of a rope

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Alpine Butterfly (also known as Lineman’s Loop)

Notes:
• Useful for making fixed loop footholds or handholds in a long rope
• Can also be used to secure a bight in a line to a carabiner
• Could be used for hoisting or lowering equipment where both ends of the
• Line are attended to keep the load away from the face of a wall

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Bowline (pronounced “boh-linn”)

The most useful and one of the simplest

ways of putting a fixed loop in the end of a
rope. It is easy to tie and to untie, it never
slips nor jams and has a high breaking
strength. It has been called the 'King of
Knots'

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Bowline (pronounced “boh-linn”)

1 Pass the tag 2 Pass it behind 3 Hold the loop

end through the the standing part and tag end and
rope loop and through the pull to tighten
loop again

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Bowline (pronounced “boh-linn”)

Good points
• Easy to tie and untie
• Never slips nor jams
• Has a high breaking strength
• It will not slip under load
• The more pressure applied, the stronger the knot
• Easily untied

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Bowline (pronounced “boh-linn”)

Bad points
• Cannot be tied or untied with a load on it
• Though the bowline isn’t generally bad, it isn’t secure enough for critical
applications, especially where the line will see a lot of jerking and/or
where stiff or slippery rope is used. If you tie a bowline in polypropylene
rope, and give it a few jerks, you’ll quickly discover its lack of security.

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Bowline (pronounced “boh-linn”)

Notes:
• If you use this knot to carry an injured person, you must use a stop knot
• You can use it for tying two ropes of different sized together with one knot
on each line
• Two bowlines can make an emergency bowswain's chair

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Double Figure Eight (also known as Figure Eight Loop)

This knot is favoured by climbers because

its distinctive shape makes it easy to check.

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Double Figure Eight (also known as Figure Eight Loop)

3 Pull both ends to

1 Make a loop 2 Pass the end tighten
with a bight of through the loop
rope

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Double Figure Eight (also known as Figure Eight Loop)

Good Points
• Easy to spot if tied incorrectly
• Easily tied
• Secure

Bad Points
• Cannot be tied with a load on it

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Double Figure Eight (also known as Figure Eight Loop)

Notes:
• This is a very useful knot for climbing (e.g. attaching your safety
rope to your harness) as you can see at a glance if the knot is
tied correctly.
• A half hitch can be tied around the standing part to make the
knot more secure

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Hitches

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Trucker’s Hitch (also known as Waggoner’s Hitch)

For lashing down loads

this hitch is unrivalled.

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Trucker’s Hitch (also known as Waggoner’s Hitch)

3 Pass one end
1 Pass the end through a carabiner 5 Wrap it
through the loop and pass through once more
the loop

2 Hold and pull to 4 Wrap it around 6 Tighten to finish

tighten the loop the standing part the knot

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Trucker’s Hitch (also known as Waggoner’s Hitch)

Good points
• Acts as a lever

Bad points
• Only secure when under constant strain
• Comes undone as soon as the strain is released
• Can cause sever chafe on a rope if the knot is used repeatedly in the
same place on the rope.

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Trucker’s Hitch (also known as Waggoner’s Hitch)

Notes:
• Can also be used as an emergency tackle (with care)
• Pull down on the working end to tighten the knot and secure with
one or two Half Hitches.

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Tautline Hitch (also known as Rolling Hitch)

Where a lengthwise pull from a
pole or static line is needed, this
old faithful takes some beating.

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Tautline Hitch (also known as Rolling Hitch)

1 Loop around
the support and
wrap the end
around the
standing part 4 Hold and pull to
tighten
2 Wrap it once
more and bring it
out of the loop

5 Slide to adjust
3 Wrap it again tension

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Tautline Hitch (also known as Rolling Hitch)

Good Points
• strain can be applied sideways to this knot in one direction
• can be tied around a pole/ring or for attaching a light line to a rope

Bad Points
• can only cope with strain in one direction

Notes:
• the two diagonal riding turns must go on the side of the object from which
the pull will be applied
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Timber Hitch (a useful hitch to grip and pull)

Traditionally used for tying a

length of rope around a pole or
bundle of logs, the more strain
that is put on the hitch the
tighter it grips.

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Timber Hitch (a useful hitch to grip and pull)

1 Wrap the rope
round the support

4 Turn it round
2 Pass the two more times
working end
round the
standing part

3 Pull it to the left

5 Pull both ends
from below the
tightly to secure
loop formed

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Timber Hitch (a useful hitch to grip and pull)

Good points
• Quick to tie
• Never jams
• Easy to untie

Bad points
• Only secure when under load

Notes:
• Used together with one or more half hitches (killick hitch) it can be used to drag or hoist
a cylindrical object.

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Bends

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Zeppelin Bend (also known as Rosendahl’s Bend)

A close relative to this

bend is the Hunter’s
Bend or Rigger’s Bend.

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Zeppelin Bend (also known as Rosendahl’s Bend)

1 Place the blue
3 Now pass the
loop over the red
blue loop through
loop
the loops

5 The finished
bend is compact
and symmetrical

2 Pass the red

4 Pull to tighten
rope through the
the knot
loops

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Zeppelin Bend (also known as Rosendahl’s Bend)

Good points
• Strong and secure
• Can be used in anything from heavyweight cables to smallest of cords
• Can be used to join lengths of slippery synthetic rope
• Stable knot
• Easy to untie

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Zeppelin Bend (also known as Rosendahl’s Bend)

Good points
• Working ends stick out at right angles to the standing parts

Notes:
• This is actually just one of a family of bends comprising two interlocked
overhand knots

The hunter’s bend is probably the equal of the zeppelin bend

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Sheet Bend (also known as Weavers Knot)

The sheet bend is very similar to the square

knot, granny knot, thief knot, and particularly
the bowline. In fact, the sheet bend can be
tied using the One Handed Twist Method
which is also used to tie the bowline.

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Sheet Bend (also known as Weavers Knot)

1 Pass the thin rope
through the thick rope

2 Wrap it around the bight

and tuck it under itself

3 Hold thick end and

pull thin rope to tighten

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Sheet Bend (also known as Weavers Knot)

Good points
• Very fast to tie
• When slipped, is one of the easiest bends to work with
• Useful when joining two ropes of different diameters.
• It will not slip under load
• The more pressure applied, the stronger the knot
• Easily untied

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Sheet Bend (also known as Weavers Knot)

Bad Points
• It may jam
• Hard to untie if wet and under strain (for instance in a towline)
• The knot is neither strong nor secure. It reduces the strength of
lines by 55% and can spill if subject to spasmodic jerking

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Sheet Bend (also known as Weavers Knot)

Notes:
• If the ropes are of quite different diameters (e.g. A very large and a small
rope together) then you will be better off tying a double sheet bend.
• If you have done the knot correctly the two ends should be on the same
side of the knot
• The running parts should be left long because there is some initial slip in
the knot when the knot is first brought under tension

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Carrick Bend (good for large ropes or cables)

The Carrick Bend is mainly used for joining

large diameter ropes or hawsers. It can also
be formed into a decorative knot like a
lanyard knot or a mat.

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Carrick Bend (good for large ropes or cables)

1 Take the blue rope 3 Now pass it through
and make a simple the blue loop, as if
loop with it interwooven

4 Pull the rope ends

2 Pass the orange accordingly to tighten
rope through the arms the knot
of the blue rope

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Carrick Bend (good for large ropes or cables)

Good Points
• can be used on heavy cable or large ropes
• can be allowed to tighten and collapse on itself when strain is taken on the standing
parts

Bad Points
• reduces strength of rope to about 65%

Notes:
• sometimes seen with more than two half hitches either to make it more secure or to
use up excess rope

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Others

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Reef Knot (also known as Square Knot)

The best known and most useful parcel knot.

It should preferably only be tied with the two
ends of the same material, but should never
be used as a bend. It is the best knot for tying
a triangular bandage.

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Reef Knot (also known as Square Knot)

WARNING!

The reef knot should never be

used as a bend to join two ropes that will
be under load. The reef-knot is only useful
in simple applications.

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Reef Knot (also known as Square Knot)

1 Cross the red and 3 pull the ends to
blue ends tighten

2 Pass the red end

4 The knot is complete
through the blue loop

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Reef Knot (also known as Square Knot)

Good points
• Easily tied

Bad points
• Can slip
• Can come undone under movement
• Will capsize or jam under load

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Reef Knot (also known as Square Knot)

Notes:
• its relatives, the granny, the thief-knot and the what-knot all have their
purposes, but not as a trustful knot

it is strictly a binding knot, reliable only when pressed against something else
and tied in both ends of the same material so restrict its use to bandages and
all sorts of parcels.

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Fireman’s Chair (a good rescue knot)

In the event of a proper harness not being

available this knot can be used for light
rescue.

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Fireman’s Chair (a good rescue knot)

2 Overlap and pass

each other loop
1 Make 4 loops with through the other by 3 Tighten to complete
the rope their opposite edges the knot

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Fireman’s Chair (a good rescue knot)

Good points
• Quick to tie
• Can be tied in the bight

Bad points
• Not to be used for very heavy loads
• Dangerous unless the loops are locked off

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Fireman’s Chair (a good rescue knot)

Notes:
• One loop, adjusted for size, fits beneath the subject’s armpits, with the
other loop around behind the knees
• One rescuer lowers the person with one long end while a second rescuer
pulls them away from the wall with the other rope

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Fisherman’s Knot (good quick bend)

Not to be confused
with the Fisherman’s
Bend (which is actually
a hitch!).

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Fisherman’s Knot (good quick bend)

1 Make a loop with the red
rope and feed it’s end into it

2 Make another loop with the

blue rope and tuck it’s end
into it

3 Tighten the two individual

knots by their tag ends

4 Pull the standing parts to

draw the knots close
together
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Fisherman’s Knot (good quick bend)

Good points
• Safe and reliable
• Simple and effective

Bad points
• Like all knots will weaken the lines in which it is tied
• May not be able to untie it if you use anything but rope

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Fisherman’s Knot (good quick bend)

Notes:
• the ends can be taped down to prevent them working loose
• the short ends must be at least five times the diameter of the rope
• a double fisherman’s knot can be used for more slippery or smaller
diameter line

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Clove Hitch (general utility hitch)

The nearest there is to a general utility hitch. It is
easy to tie in a number of different ways and to
untie. It has a wide variety of uses but care should
be taken not to misuse it: it is so easy to use it when
a more suitable hitch (e.g. a Rolling Hitch etc.)
would serve better.

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Clove Hitch (general utility hitch)

1 Hang the 3 Pass it
rope from from behind
the support the rope

5 The knot is
complete

2 Loop around
4 pull to
the support
tighten
with the end

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Clove Hitch (general utility hitch)

Good points
• Quick and easy to tie
• Can be tied in the bight
• Can be tied one handed

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Clove Hitch (general utility hitch)

Bad points
• can slip in wet conditions or in slippery rope
• weak when a load is applied to it rapidly
• needs constant tension on both ends
• without extra support, it is untrustworthy in any situation, except as a
crossing knot

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Clove Hitch (general utility hitch)

Notes:
• if you have to use it, work it up properly; pull length-wise only at both ends before you
load the working end
• the standing end should be secured if it is going to be used as an 'anchor‘ as it may
work loose otherwise
• if you have to use it, work it up properly; pull length-wise only at both ends before you
load the working end. It is better to use the Rolling Hitch instead

Although often used to start and finish lashings it is far from ideal for this task. Consider
using another hitch instead or at least secure the standing part of the Clove Hitch used

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Round Turn and Two Half Hitches

(good all round hitch)

This knot can be used to

secure a rope in a variety
of situations. It can be
placed under a lot of strain
and is easy to untie.

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Round Turn and Two Half Hitches

(good all round hitch)

1 Wrap the
3 Make
endaround
another turn
the support
5 Tighten
and you are
done
2 Wrap it
around the 4 Take it out
standing part of the loop
of the rope

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Clove Hitch (general utility hitch)

Good points
• It rarely jams!
• A good hitch in almost all circumstances
• Easy to untie even after being subjected to a large strain
• Easy to tie even when the line is under tension

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Clove Hitch (general utility hitch)

Bad points
• Not many!
• Possible to work loose if subject to spasmodic motion

Notes:
• Sometimes seen with more than two half hitches either to make it more
secure or to use up excess rope

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Sheepshank Knot

The sheepshank is designed to shorten a rope (without cutting it!). It

can also be used to take up the slack in a rope.

Another very useful purpose it serves (that people often overlook) is

its ability to protect a weak or damaged section of the knot. Simply ensure
that the damaged section forms the middle line of the sheepshank. The strain
will be taken at either end and very little (or no) strain will be placed on the
weakened part.
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Sheepshank Knot

1 Make 2 oppositely 2 Loop the left end 3 Make another loop

facing bights with the and pass the bight with the right end
rope through it

4 Pass the bight at the 5 Pull both ends to

right side through it tighten the knot

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Sheepshank Knot

Good points
• can protect a weak portion of the rope
• easy to tie

Bad Points
• can come undone if ends are not subject to constant tension

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Sheepshank Knot

Notes:
• a damaged rope should always be replaced or retired from ‘active use’
and be used for knot tying practice only
• if both ends are available pass them through the ends to stop the
sheepshank from coming undone when not under tension

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Recapitulation
➢ Loops ➢ Bends
• Alpine Butterfly • Zepplin Bend
• Bowline • Sheet Bend
• Double Figure of Eight • Carrick Bend

➢ Hitches ➢ Other
• Truckers Hitch • Reef Knot
• Tautline Hitch • Fisherman’s Knot
• Timber Hitch • Fireman’s Chair
• Round Turn and Two Half Hitches
• Sheet Bend
• Sheepshank Knot
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- END OF PRESENTATION -

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