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Basic Balance Current Sf-8607

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
178 views14 pages

Basic Balance Current Sf-8607

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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012-04046C

Instruction Manual and 5/92


Experiment Guide for the
PASCO scientific Model
SF-8607 and SF-8608

Basic Current Balance


and
Current Balance Accessory

SF-8607
Basic Current Balance

SF-8608
Current Balance Accessory

Copyright © June 1989 $5.00


Basic Current Balance and Accessory 012-04046C

scientific
012-04046C Basic Current Balance and Accessory

Table of Contents

Section Page
Copyright, Warranty, and Equipment Return ............................................... ii-iii
Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1
Equipment ........................................................................................................ 2
Operation ......................................................................................................... 3
Experiments
Experiment 1 Force versus Current .................................................... 5
Experiment 2 Force versus Length of Wire........................................ 6
Experiment 3 Force versus Magnetic Field ........................................ 7
Experiment 4 Force versus Angle ...................................................... 8
Maintenance..................................................................................................... 9

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Basic Current Balance and Accessory 012-04046C

Copyright, Warranty and Equipment Return

Please—Feel free to duplicate this manual


subject to the copyright restrictions below.

Copyright Notice Equipment Return


The PASCO scientific Model SF-8607 Basic Current Should the product have to be returned to PASCO
Balance and SF-8608 Current Balance Accessory scientific for any reason, notify PASCO scientific by
manual is copyrighted and all rights reserved. How-
letter, phone, or fax BEFORE returning the product.
ever, permission is granted to non-profit educational
Upon notification, the return authorization and
institutions for reproduction of any part of this manual
providing the reproductions are used only for their shipping instructions will be promptly issued.
laboratories and are not sold for profit. Reproduction
under any other circumstances, without the written ä NOTE: NO EQUIPMENT WILL BE
consent of PASCO scientific, is prohibited. ACCEPTED FOR RETURN WITHOUT AN
AUTHORIZATION FROM PASCO.
Limited Warranty
PASCO scientific warrants this product to be free When returning equipment for repair, the units
from defects in materials and workmanship for a must be packed properly. Carriers will not accept
period of one year from the date of shipment to the responsibility for damage caused by improper
customer. PASCO will repair or replace, at its option, packing. To be certain the unit will not be
any part of the product which is deemed to be defec-
damaged in shipment, observe the following rules:
tive in material or workmanship. This warranty does
not cover damage to the product caused by abuse or ➀ The packing carton must be strong enough for the
improper use. Determination of whether a product item shipped.
failure is the result of a manufacturing defect or
improper use by the customer shall be made solely by ➁ Make certain there are at least two inches of
PASCO scientific. Responsibility for the return of packing material between any point on the
equipment for warranty repair belongs to the cus- apparatus and the inside walls of the carton.
tomer. Equipment must be properly packed to prevent
damage and shipped postage or freight prepaid.
➂ Make certain that the packing material cannot shift
in the box or become compressed, allowing the
(Damage caused by improper packing of the equip-
instrument come in contact with the packing
ment for return shipment will not be covered by the
carton.
warranty.) Shipping costs for returning the equip-
ment, after repair, will be paid by PASCO scientific.
Address: PASCO scientific
10101 Foothills Blvd.
Roseville, CA 95747-7100

Phone: (916) 786-3800


FAX: (916) 786-3292
email: [email protected]
web: www.pasco.com

ii scientific
012-04046C Current Balance and Accessory

Introduction

A current-carrying wire in a magnetic field experi- With the PASCO SF-8607 Basic Current Balance, you
ences a force that is usually referred to as a magnetic can vary three of the variables in the equation—the
force. The magnitude and direction of this force current, the length of the wire, and the strength of the
depend on four variables: the magnitude of the current magnetic field—and measure the resulting magnetic
(I); the length of the wire (L); the strength of the force. By adding the SF-8608 Current Balance
magnetic field (B); and the angle between the field and Accessory, you can also vary the angle between the
the wire (θ). wire and the magnetic field, thereby performing a
complete investigation into the interaction between a
This magnetic force can be described mathematically
current carrying wire and a magnetic field.
by the vector cross product:
Fm = IL X B, This manual supplies general operating instructions for
both the SF-8607 Basic Current Balance and the
or in scalar terms, SF-8608 Current Balance Accessory. Step-by-step
Fm = ILBsinθ. instructions for four experiments are also included.

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Current Balance and Accessory 012-04046C

Equipment

The SF-8607 Basic Current Balance The SF-8608 Current Balance Accessory
Your SF-8607 Basic Current Balance includes the Your SF-8608 Current Balance Accessory includes the
items shown in Figure 1: items shown in figure 2:
• Main Unit, • the Current Balance Accessory Unit
• six Current Loop PC boards • Magnet Assembly.
• Magnet Assembly with six magnets.
Additional Equipment Needed:
Additional Equipment Needed:
• The Main Unit from the SF-8607 Basic Current
In addition to the included equipment, you will need Balance plus additional equipment as listed above
the following items to perform the experiments in this under additional equipment for the SF-8607.
manual:
• DC power supply capable of supplying up to 5 A
such as the PASCO Model SF-9584.
• DC ammeter capable of measuring up to 5 A such
as the PASCO Model SB-9624.
• Balance capable of measuring forces with an accu-
racy of 0.01 gram mass equivalent. The balance
can be either a quadruple beam balance, such as
the PASCO Model SE-8725, or an electronic top Magnet
Magnet Assembly
Assembly
loading balance such as the PASCO Model SE-
8709. Current
CurrentBalance AccessoryUnit Unit
Balance Accessory
• Lab stand such as the PASCO Model ME-9355. Figure 2 Equipment Included with the SF-8608 Current
• Hook-up wires with banana plug connectors such Balance Accessory.
as the PASCO Models SE-9750 (red) and SE-9751
(black).

Main Unit

Magnet Assembly
Current Loops

Figure 1 Equipment Included with the SF-8607 Basic


Current Balance.

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012-04046C Current Balance and Accessory

Operation
The SF-8607 Basic Current Balance If you are using a quadruple-beam balance:

To set up the Current Balance (see Figure 3): First measure the weight of the Magnet Assembly with
no current flowing (F0). Then turn on the current, adjust
it to the desired level, and measure the weight of the
Magnet Assembly with current flowing (FI). With
Current Loop
current flowing, the reading will be higher or lower than
before. The difference in weight (FI – F0) is proportional
Main Unit Magnet
Assembly to the force exerted on the magnetic field (and thereby
the magnets) by the current-carrying wire. To investi-
Lab Stand 0.01 gram gate the relationship between current and force, vary the
Balance
current and measure the weight at each value.
Figure 3 Setting Up the SF-8607 Basic Current Balance If you are using a top-loading electronic balance:
With the Magnet Assembly sitting on the balance, tare
➀ Mount the Main Unit on a lab stand having with a rod the reading by pressing the appropriate switch on the
3/8 inch (1.1 cm) in diameter or smaller. balance. This subtracts the weight of the Magnet
➁ Select a Current Loop, and plug it into the ends of the Assembly from ensuing weight measurements, so only
arms of the Main Unit, with the foil extending down. the force caused by the current will be measured. Turn
the current on. If the reading is negative, reverse the
➂ Place the Magnet Assembly on a balance with at least leads where they plug into the arms of the Main Unit.
0.01 gram sensitivity. Position the lab stand so the The measured weight is directly proportional to the force
horizontal portion of the conductive foil on the Cur- caused by the current moving through the magnetic
rent Loop passes through the pole region of the mag- field.
nets. The Current Loop shouldn't touch the magnets.
Force vs. Current for SF-8607
➃ Connect the power supply and ammeter as shown in 3.00e-1
Figure 4.

2.00e-1
Force, grams

Power Supply Ammeter


0-5A (Max.)
1.00e-1

Base Unit
1.36e-20
0 1 2 3 4
C rrent amps
Current, amps
Figure 4 Connecting the Ammeter and Power Supply
Figure 5 Typical Data for Force versus Current
Measurements
Measuring the Force
Varying the Wire Length
➧ Note: In this manual, we use the balance reading Vary the wire length by using one of the six different
in grams as our measure of force. Most students Current Loops. To change the Current Loop:
will realize that the mass reading is proportional to
the actual force, which is given by the equation ➀ Swing the arm of the Main Unit up, to raise the
F = mg. If you wish to use the actual force value, present Current Loop out of the magnetic field gap.
simply multiply each reading in grams by 0.0098 Pull the Current Loop gently from the arms of the
newtons/gram to arrive at a force in newtons, or by base unit. Replace it with a new Current Loop and
980 dynes/gram to arrive at a force in dynes.

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Current Balance and Accessory 012-04046C

carefully lower the arm to reposition the Current Varying the Magnetic Field
Loop in the magnetic field. Six Current Loops are The magnetic field is varied by changing the number of
supplied with the SF-8607 Basic Current Balance magnets that are mounted on the Magnet Assembly. (We
Kit. The lengths are: recommend you mark the north pole of each magnet, to
Current Loop Length help students during setup.) The magnetic field strength
may not be exactly proportional to the number of mag-
SF 40 1.2 cm nets, but it is reasonably close, as seen by the data in
SF 37 2.2 cm Figure 7.
SF 39 3.2 cm
SF 38 4.2 cm SF-8608 Current Balance Accessory
SF 41 6.4 cm Using the SF-8608 Current Balance Accessory, you can
SF 42 8.4 cm determine how the angle between the current-carrying
wire and the magnetic field affects the force between
The lengths above were measured at the maximum
them. The basic experimental setup is shown in Figure 8.
length of the current-carrying wire foil. The effective
length may be somewhat shorter, as much as 0.2 cm for
single lengths and 0.4 cm for doubled lengths (doubled
lengths refer to Current Loops in which the current
passes between the magnet poles twice, once on each
side of the PC board). Main Unit
SF-8608
Accessory
Force vs Length for SF-8607 Unit Magnet
6.00e-1 Assembly
5.00e-1 0.01 gram
Lab Stand
Balance
4.00e-1

3.00e-1
g

Figure 8 Setup for the SF-8608 Current Balance


2.00e-1
Accessory.
1.00e-1

-1.36e-20 ➧ Note: The SF-8608 Current Balance Accessory


0 20 40 60 80 100 can also be used to experiment with the relationship
Length, mm
between current and force by holding the angle
steady and varying the current.
Figure 6 Typical Data for Force versus Wire Length
Measurements
➧ Warning: The current through the SF-8608
Current Balance Accessory should never exceed
2.0 amps.
Force vs No. of Magnets for SF-8607
0.15 ➀ Set the dial on the unit to 0o.
➁ Align the Magnet Assembly so that the magnetic field
is approximately parallel with the wires of the coil.
0.10
➂ With the current turned off, measure the weight of the
,g

Magnet Assembly, or if you are using an electronic


0.05 balance, tare the balance.

Two different lengths of loop ➃ Set the current to a value of 2.0 amps. Take a new
0.00 reading and record this in your data table. Rotate the
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 dial clockwise in 5o increments, taking new readings
No. Magnets
each at each setting. Then rotate the dial counter-
clockwise in 5o increments. The resulting graph of
Figure 7 Typical Data for Force versus Wire Length
Measurements Force vs Angle should be a sine curve.

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012-04046C Current Balance and Accessory

Experiment 1: Force versus Current

Procedure
If you're using a quadruple-beam balance:
➀ Set up the apparatus as shown in figure 1.1.
➁ Determine the mass of the magnet holder and Current Loop
magnets with no current flowing. Record this value
in the column under “Mass” in Table 1.1.
Main Unit Magnet
➂ Set the current to 0.5 amp. Determine the new
Assembly
“mass” of the magnet assembly. Record this value
under “Mass” in Table 1.1.
0.01 gram
Lab Stand Balance
➃ Subtract the mass value with the current flowing
from the value with no current flowing. Record this
difference as the “Force.”
Figure 1.1 Equipment Setup
➄ Increase the current in 0.5 amp increments to a
maximum of 5.0 amp, each time repeating steps 2-4.
If you're using an electronic balance:
➀ Set up the apparatus as shown in figure 1.1.
➁ Place the magnet assembly on the pan of the balance. With no current flowing, press the
TARE button, bringing the reading to 0.00 grams.
➂ Now turn the current on to 0.5 amp, and record the mass value in the “Force” column of Table
1.1.
➃ Increase the current in 0.5 amp increments to a maximum of 5.0 amp, each time recording the
new “Force” value.

Data Processing
Plot a graph of Force (vertical axis) versus Current (horizontal axis).

Analysis
What is the nature of the relationship between these two variables? What does this tell us
about how changes in the current will affect the force acting on a wire that is inside a magnetic
field?
Table 1.1 Data

Current “Mass” “Force” Current “Mass” “Force”


( amps) ( gram) (gram) ( amps) ( gram) (gram)

0.0 3.0
0.5 3.5
1.0 4.0
1.5 4.5
2.0 5.0
2.5

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Current Balance and Accessory 012-04046C

Experiment 2: Force versus Length of Wire

Procedure
➀ Set up the apparatus as in Figure 2.1.
Current Loop
➁ Determine the length of the conductive foil on the
Current Loop. Record this value under “Length”
in Table 2.1.
Main Unit Magnet
If you are using a quadruple-beam balance: Assembly

➂ With no current flowing, determine the mass of


0.01 gram
the Magnet Assembly. Record this value on the Lab Stand Balance
line at the top of Table 2.1.
➃ Set the current to 2.0 amps. Determine the new Figure 2.1 Equipment Setup
“mass” of the Magnet Assembly. Record this
value under “Mass” in Table 2.1.
➄ Subtract the mass that you measured with no current flowing from the mass that you measured
with the current flowing. Record this difference as the “Force.”
➅ Turn the current off. Remove the Current Loop and replace it with another. Repeat steps 2-5.
If you are using an electronic balance:
➂ Place the magnet assembly on the pan of the balance. With no current flowing, press the
TARE button, bringing the reading to 0.00 grams.
➃ Now turn the current on, and adjust it to 2.0 amps. Record the mass value in the “Force”
column of Table 2.1.
➄ Turn the current off, remove the Current Loop, and replace it with another. Repeat steps 2-4.

Data Processing
Plot a graph of Force (vertical axis) versus Length (horizontal axis).

Analysis
What is the nature of the relationship between these two variables? What does this tell us
about how changes in the length of a current-carrying wire will affect the force that it feels
when it is in a magnetic field?

Table 2.1 Data


“Mass” with I=0: ___________
Length “Mass” “Force” Length “Mass” “Force”
(mm) (gram) (gram) (mm) (gram) (gram)

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012-04046C Current Balance and Accessory

Experiment 3: Force versus Magnetic Field

Procedure
➀ Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 2.1. Use the shortest length current loop.
If you are using a quadruple-beam balance:
➁ Mount a single magnet in the center of the holder.
➂ With no current flowing, determine the mass of the Magnet Assembly. Record this value in
the first column under “Mass” in Table 3.1 on the appropriate line.
➃ Set the current to 2.0 amps. Determine the new “mass” of the Magnet Assembly. Record
this value in the second column under “Mass” in Table 3.1.
➄ Subtract the mass you measured when there was no current flowing from the value you
measured with current flowing. Record this difference as the “Force.”
➅ Add additional magnets, one at a time. (Make sure the north poles of the magnets are all on
the same side of the Magnet Assembly.) Each time you add a magnet, repeat steps 3-5.
If you use an electronic balance:
➁ Use a single magnet, centered under the center of the holder.
➂ Place the magnet assembly on the pan of the balance. With no current flowing, press the
TARE button, bringing the reading to 0.00 grams.
➃ Now turn the current on, and adjust it to 2.0 amps. Record the mass value in the “Force”
column of Table 3.1.
➄ Add additional magnets, one at a time. (Make sure the north poles of the magnets are all on
the same side of the Magnet Assembly.) Each time you add a magnet, repeat steps 3-5.

Data Processing
Plot a graph of Force (vertical axis) versus Number of Magnets (horizontal axis).

Analysis
What is the relationship between these two variables? How does the number of magnets
affect the force between a current-carrying wire and a magnetic field? Is it reasonable to
assume that the strength of the magnetic field is directly proportional to the number of
magnets? What would happen if one of the magnets were put into the assembly backwards,
with its north pole next to the other magnets’ south poles? If there is time, try it.
Table 3.1 Data

”Mass” ”Mass”
Number of I=0 I≠0 “Force” Number of I=0 I≠0 “Force”
Magnets gram gram gram Magnets gram gram gram

1 4
2 5
3 6

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Current Balance and Accessory 012-04046C

Experiment 4: Force versus Angle


Procedure
1. Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 4.1.
If you are using a quadruple-beam balance:
2. Determine the mass of the Magnet Assembly with Main Unit
no current flowing. Record this value in Table 4.1
SF-8608
on the appropriate line. Accessory Magnet
3. Set the angle to 0o with the direction of the coil of Unit Assembly
wire approximately parallel to the magnetic field.
Set the current to 1.0 amp. Determine the new 0.01 gram
Lab Stand Balance
“mass” of the Magnet Assembly. Record this
value under “Mass” in Table 4.1.
Figure 4.1 Equipment Setup
4. Subtract the mass measured with no current
flowing from the mass measured with current flowing. Record the difference as the “Force.”
5. Increase the angle in 5o increments up to 90o, and then in –5o increments to –90o. At each
angle, repeat the mass/force measurement.
If you are using an electronic balance:
2. Place the magnet assembly on the pan of the balance. With no current flowing, press the
TARE button, bringing the reading to 0.00 grams.
3. Set the angle to 0o with the direction of the coil of wire approximately parallel to the magnetic
field. Set the current to 1.0 amp. Record the mass value in the “Force” column of Table 4.1.
4. Increase the angle in 5o increments up to 90o, and then in –5o increments to –90o. At each
angle, repeat the mass/force measurement.
Data Processing
Plot a graph of Force (vertical axis) versus Angle (horizontal axis).
Analysis
What is the relationship between these two variables? How do changes in the angle between
the current and the magnetic field affect the force acting between them? What angle produces
the greatest force? What angle produces the least force?
Table 4.1 Data
“Mass” with I = 0: _________

Angle “Mass” “Force” Angle “Mass” “Force” Angle “Mass” “Force” Angle “Mass” “Force”
(θ) (gram) (gram) (θ) (gram) (gram) (θ) (gram) (gram) (θ) (gram) (gram)

0 50 0 –50
5 55 –5 –55
10 60 –10 –60
15 65 –15 –65
20 70 –20 –70
25 75 –25 –75
30 80 –30 –80
35 85 –35 –85
40 90 –40 –90
45 –45
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012-04046C Current Balance and Accessory

Maintenance

STORAGE CUSTOMER SERVICE


(see Figure 9) For service problems, please call (toll-free 1-800-772-8700)
and ask for customer service.
When storing your SF-8607 Basic Current Balance, we
recommend that you alternate the magnets so they have their
north poles next to south poles for maximum retention of
field strength. The Magnet Assembly from the SF-8608
Current Balance Accessory should have a “keeper” made of
soft iron placed across the pole pieces to help retain the
magnetism of the magnets.

Iron or Steel
"Keeper"
N S

S N

SF-8607 Magnets SF-8608 Magnet Assembly


Figure 9 Storing the Magnets

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Current Balance and Accessory 012-04046C

Notes:

10 scientific

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