Smart shopping system

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND

Individuals have constantly created innovation to bolster their requirements as from the start of
humankind. The fundamental reason for development in innovation is ought for more independency and
this leads to improving tasks and making regular one simpler and speedier. One significant task that
individuals invest maximum measure of energy is in shopping. Shopping centre is a spot where
individuals get their everyday necessities running from sustenance items, garments, electrical machines
and so forth. Some of the time clients have issues with respect to the unspecific data about the item
marked down and misuse of superfluous time at the counters. In this innovative world, each grocery
store and supermarket utilize shopping trolleys with a specific end goal to help clients to choose and
store the items which they expect to buy. Customers usually purchase the products required and place
them in their carts and thereafter wait at the counters for payments of bills. The payment of bills at the
counters is really troublesome and time consuming process which thereby resulting in a heavy crowd at
the counters.
According to the study by US Department agency on a normal peoples.They spend through 1.4 hours
consistently on shopping. A considerable number of clients will tend to leave a line if the line is too
long. The present Shopping environment can be essentially be characterized into two classifications they
are:
1.1.1 Shopping in absentia
Shopping in absentia is upheld from various perspectives including web shopping, online shopping, and
so forth which will not require the buyer to be manually held at the counters.
1.1.2 Shopping in individual
Shopping in individual call at location of purchasing and choosing items in view of different variables
including need, comfort, brand and so on. The proposed keen Shopping basket framework plans to help
shopping in-individual that will minimize the time spent in shopping. Persistent change is required in the
customary time spent at the counters to enhance the nature of shopping background to the clients. To
beat these issues expressed above and to enhance the current framework, we have composed a Shopping
basket. This can be done possible by basically connecting RFID labels to the items and reader with a
TFT Display in the purchasing cart. From this framework client can posses data related to cost of each
thing which are inside cart and furthermore absolute cost of the thing about the item.This framework will
save time of clients and labour required in shopping center with respect to cost of the item .

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1.2 OBJECTIVE
The main objective involved in this plan is to implement a smart shopping cart with the help of RFID
technology for improvising purchasing. The plan is to employ the RFID related surveillance
implementation practice in the purchasing cart. In this plan RFID card is utilised as protection entry for
acquiring of commodities in the Shopping malls. If the commodity has been placed in the shopping cart
the price of the product appears and accordingly the total amount will be shown and if we wish to
remove the product from the trolley, you can take away the product and the amount of that specific
product gets deducted from total amount .In this the technology used is for obtaining the products
thereby which boosts security performance and speed while purchasing in shopping complexes. The
technological objective for our presented problem in shopping complexes is the practice of RFID
technology for the instinctive recognition of commodity in the interior of the purchasing cart thereby
annihilating shopper intervening in the task of commodity purchase and for payment. The principle point
of proposed framework is to give an innovation which is minimal effort oriented,effectively adaptable,
and efficiently feasible for helping shopping in individual. With the help of this a lot of time will be
saved at the billing counters.
1.3 SCOPE AND CHALLENGES
In spite of the fact that the RFID can't totally supplant the standardized identification innovation because
of higher cost precision and speed is high in RFID implementation. The retailers, makers and purchaser
products organizations like CVS, Tesco, Prada, Benetton, Wal-Shop and Procter and Bet are presently
actualizing the innovation and investigating the effect of the innovation on their business. Others can
likewise implement RFID. The basis of accomplishment lies in understanding the innovation and
different components to minimize 4 the potential issues. It is time for the Industry ought to begin using
the new innovation, for example, RFID in different applications, for example, fabricating, and storing
purposes. In this project the items in the cart is restricted to less than 50 as the customers don’t prefer
excess luggage at once. Tags used here can be attached to the products only in the longitudinal fashion
without any folds .Tags given for the reader are of length 8cm and of width 2cm and they need to be
attached to the products in a visible fashion for the reader then only the reader can detect tags without
any fail. Tags used in this project are water sensitive and metal sensitive and have the capacity of reading
only one side. So the trolley is now restricted to use water sensitive packaged and metal sensitive
packaged products. But the problem can be rectified with the waterproof tags and metal resistant tags
which are under research at present. The RFID reader used here has the constraint of skipping the tags at
sometimes. Reader which can detect less than 50tags/sec is employed according to the requirement and
meanwhile cost will also be under control for implementation of system.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
A survey on various works done in the field of smart shopping system was conducted. Following are the
works that were studied to propose our system:

2.1 A Novel Low-Cost Intelligent Shopping Cart [1]

A Study was conducted at PES School of Engineering, Bangalore, to develop a Low Cost Intelligent
Shopping aid that assist the customer to locate and select products and inform them on any special deals on
the products as they dynamically move in the shopping area and also to identify each product uniquely and
the usage of centralised server support billing and inventory updates. In this project they had used only one
shopping cart as a test case. So they pointed out that multiple shopping carts would help in identifying the
bottlenecks. They also found that communication was not very secure; another ZigBee module operating at
the same frequency can easily interrupt the transmitted data.

2.2Arduino Based Smart Cart [2]

This project smart cart is proposed that will be capable of generating the bill from the cart itself. The
customer will make the payment in no time through a rechargeable credit card which will help to maintain
database and introduce schemes and in store accordingly. The designed cart eliminated the effort of cart
storage space and involves security mechanism for theft control .They concluded that the proposed RFID
technology will overcome the problem of standing in long queues for paying bill by instantly using the
electronic money transfer facility. It will save time, energy and manpower of customer, Owner and supplier.

2.3 Smart Shopping Cart with Automatic Billing System through RFID and ZigBee[3]

A Study was done which provided centralised and automated billing system using RFID and ZigBee
communication. each product of the shopping mall provided RFID tags .By using PID, customer were not in
need of standing at the cash counter for bill payment, since the product information was transferred to
central billing system and customer paid the bill through credit/Debit cards .They proposed that
microcontroller and microprocessors with inbuilt I2C Protocol will improve the efficiency and compatibility
of the application.

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2.4 A Novel Video Processing Based Cost Effective Smart Trolley System for
Supermarkets Using FPGA [4]

The research conducted focused in a systematic keyword search in the topic section of literature data base
including basket ; FPGA; RFID; robotic assistant shopping assistant; smart shopping system; smart trolley;
supermarket; trolley; video processing. They developed a smart trolley system that was capable of carrying
goods and also guided the customers to prescribed locations in the mall based on their shopping list .This
was achieved by using the prototype that utilised a unique colour combination technique to map all products
in a mall, without the use of any additional wireless sensors, with the least number of colours .The found
that this prototype was very help full for very elderly and disabled and also to reduce the time for the
customer to locate the products. The automatic billing system with credit card facility at the trolley itself
could further reduce the time required by the customers.

2.5 3S Cart: A Lightweight,Interactive Sensor-based Cart for Smart Shopping in

Supermarkets [5]

A study was done using sensor based smart shopping cart (3S Cart) system by using the context –aware
ability of sensors to detect the behaviour of customers, and respond to them in real time in the super markets
they also demonstrated two supermarket applications by 3s cart. In the sales-promotion application, each
cart checks the customer’s interest and shows sales information at once to increase the purchasing desire of a
product. In the product- navigation application a customer asks the system to find and unhindered, shortest
path to comfortably obtain the desired product .This project exploited the sensor technology to provide
interactive shopping in supermarkets.

2.6 Automatic Billing Trolley using RFID and ZigBeewith Android Application
Rewarding System [6]

A project was conducted on automatic billing trolley using RFID and ZigBee with android application with
rewarding system. The system contained the items attached with RFID tags. RFID reader reads the tag
information after putting it into the trolley. Micro-controller calculated total amount and displays it on LCD.
The information which is to be sent is sent with the help of ZigBee. Along with this system they had
implemented an Android application for rewarding facility. User can get billing details and rewarding points
details with the help of this application. They found that this process saved the time of customer and also
reduced the manpower in the malls. They have also replaced the existing reward point system which was
based on carts, by the android application so there is no need of managing the cart manually.

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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The proposed system isa smart shopping cart system that will keep track of purchased products and also
online transaction for billing using RFID and RF. In this system, every product in mart will have RFID tag,
and every cart will have RFID Reader and RF attached to it. Hence all the products will be scanned and
finally the data is transferred to the billing section. The user will get an alert when the billing counter is free
to checkout.

Features

▪ Checkout button to confirm purchase.

▪ TFT display for user interface which helps to know the total price of the products in the cart.

▪ Alert system to notify the user when the billing counter is free.

3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2.1 Scanning Module

Figure 3.1 Block Diagram of Scanning module

Scanning module attached to the shopping cart. It consist of an RFID reader, TFT display,Arduino nano,4x4
keypad,RF module, buzzer and a power supply. The RFID reader used here is EM-18 RFID Reader module

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,which can be operated in low power and has a 125khz of frequency range to scan the RFID tags present on
the products and all the information from the tags shall be stored in the Arduino nano.

Arduino nano is a user friendly board based on ATmega328p.It can be operated in 5v. Details about
products such as quantity, price ,total amount are displayed on a 1.3” LCD TFT display which has operated
in 3.3v. All the details regarding the product will be displayed and stored when the customer scan the RFID
tag on the product and if the customer wishes to remove any product, they just have to scan the product
once. If the customers wish to see the total, they can press the total button and the total shall be displayed.
Once the customer finished the shopping they just has to press the finish button on the 4x4 keypad to
transfer the data’s as radio signals to the billing counter servers through RF module. If there any counter is
free to pay the bill then they sent back signal and it will be indicated by the buzzer.

EM18 - RFID Reader Module

EM18 RFID Reader is a module which reads the ID information stored in RFID TAGS. This ID information
is unique for every TAG which cannot be copied.

Figure 3.2 EM18 - RFID Reader Module

EM-18 Features and Specifications

● Operating voltage of EM-18: +4.5V to +5.5V
● Current consumption:50mA
● Can operate on LOW power
● Operating temperature: 0ºC to +80ºC

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● Operating frequency:125KHz
● Communication parameter:9600bps

● Reading distance: 3 to 10cm, depending on TAG

● Integrated Antenna

Figure 3.3 EM 18 Reader Module and RFID Tags

Consider a TAG is brought near the MODULE. The MODULE reads the ID and sends the information
to controller in 12 ASCII CHARACTERS. In them, 10CHARACTERS represent the TAG ID and 2
CHARACTERS are XOR of previous 10 CHARACTERS.

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Figure 3.4 EM 18 Reader Module interfacing with Arduino Nano

In this project arduino nano is used as the micro controller, to scan the RFID tag here we used EM18 reader
module, it reads the information stored in the tag and transmit the information to arduino nano .

Here we are interfacing arduino nano with EM18 reader module .The basic connection of EM18 reader
module and arduino is, transmitter pin of EM18 is connected to receiver pin of arduino, supply voltage of 5v
is provided.

The internal circuit of EM18 reader module mainly contains LED and a buzzer, it's used to give an output
while reading the RFID Tag. The transistor is used as a switch to operate the buzzer and LED according to
EM18 buzz output for notification purpose. One terminal of the buzzer is directly connected to the ground
of Arduino and the the other terminal is connected to the collector of the transistor which functions as a
switch. The emitter of the transistor is connected to the VCC and the base is connected to digital pin 3 to
provide trigger voltage to operate the Buzzer .Resistors are provided to limit the current passing through the
LED. The capacitors are used to stabilize the circuit.

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TFT Display
Specifications
● 1.3" LCD TFT display
● 240x240 pixels
● LCD screen dimensions: 26mm x 26mm / 1.02" x 1.02"
● RBG pixels
● Working Voltage 3.3v
● Weight (assembled): 7.6g

Figure 3.5 TFT Display

TFT display is connected to the Arduino board as follows
(each one through voltage divider):
RST - Arduino digital pin 8.
DC - Arduino digital pin 9.
SDA - Arduino digital pin 11.
SCL - Arduino digital pin 13.
VCC - Arduino 3V3 pin.
GND - Arduino GND pin .
BLK - Arduino 3V3 pin.

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Figure 3.6 TFT Display interfacing with Arduino

Arduino Nano

Figure 3.7Arduino Nano Pinout

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Power

The Arduino Nano can be powered via the Mini-B USB connection, 6-20V unregulated external power
supply (pin 30), or 5V regulated external power supply (pin 27). The power source is automatically
selected to the highest voltage source.

Memory
The ATmega328 has 32 KB, (also with 2 KB used for the bootloader. The ATmega328 has 2 KB of
SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM.

Input and Output

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Nano can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(),
digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a
maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In
addition, some pins have specialized functions:
Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are
connected to the corresponding pins of the FTDI USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a
rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.
PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication, which,
although provided by the underlying hardware, is not currently included in the Arduino language.
LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is
on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.
The Nano has 8 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values).
By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their
range using the analogReference() function. Analog pins 6 and 7 cannot be used as digital pins.
Additionally, some pins have specialized functionality:
I2C: A4 (SDA) and A5 (SCL). Support I2C (TWI) communication using the Wire library
(documentation on the Wiring website).
There are a couple of other pins on the board:
AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().
Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields
which block the one on the board.

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RF Module(Tx,Rx)
An RF module (short for radio-frequency module) is a (usually) small electronic device used to
transmit and/or receive radio signals between two devices. In an embedded system it is often desirable
to communicate with another device wirelessly.

Figure 3.8 RF Module Transmitter and Receiver

Features

Receiver module parameters

1. Model: XY-MK-5V.
2. Operating voltage: DC5V.
3. Quiescent Current: 4mA.
4. Receiving frequency: 315MHz.
5. Receiver sensitivity: -105 dB.
6. Size: 30 x 14 x 7 mm.

Transmitter module parameters

1. Launch Distance: 20-200 meters (different voltage, different results).

2. Operating voltage: 3.5-12V.
3. Dimensions: 19 x 19 mm.
4. Operating mode: AM.
5. Transfer rate: 4KB/S.
6. Transmitting power: 10mW.
7. Transmitting frequency: 315Mhz.
8. An external antenna: 25cm ordinary multi-core or single-core line.
9. Pinout from left a+ right: (DATA; VCC; GND)

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RF 315/433 MHz Transmitter-receiver Module and Arduino

Transmitter
Working voltage: 3V - 12V
Working current: max Less than 40mA max , and min 9mA
Resonance mode: (SAW)
Modulation mode: ASK
Working frequency: 315MHz Or 433MHz
Transmission power: 25mW (315MHz at 12V)
Frequency error: +150kHz (max)
Velocity : less than 10Kbps
So this module will transmit up to 90m in open area .
Receiver
Working voltage: 5.0VDC +0.5V
Working current:≤5.5mA max
Working method: OOK/ASK
Working frequency: 315MHz-433.92MHz
Bandwidth: 2MHz
Sensitivity: excel –100dBm (50Ω
Transmitting velocity:<9.6Kbps

Figure 3.9 RF Receiver Connection

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Keypad

Figure 3.10 Keypad

Keypad is used as an input device to read the key pressed by the user and to process it. 4x4 keypad
consists of 4 rows and 4 columns. Switches are placed between the rows and columns. A key press
establishes a connection between the corresponding row and column, between which the switch is
placed.

Figure 3.11 4x4 Keypad interfacing with Arduino

Power Supply

A 5V power supply is used to provide the necessary power.

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Buzzer/Led

The billing module employs a buzzer/LED for indication purposes.

Figure 3.12 Buzzer & LED

3.2.2 Billing Section

Figure 3.13 Block Diagram of Billing Module

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Billing module installed on the billing counters. A push button which functions as a switch here. When the
transmitted data from a cart receives by the RF module of each billing counters. The billing counter which
is free sends back a response via the switch and the customer can pay the bill on that counter.

TFT Display

Specifications
● 1.3" LCD TFT display
● 240x240 pixels
● LCD screen dimensions: 26mm x 26mm / 1.02" x 1.02"
● RBG pixels
● Working voltage 3.3v
● Weight (assembled): 7.6g

Figure 3.14 TFT Display

i. RF Module(Tx and Rx)
ii. Power Supply(5V)
iii. Buzzer/LED
(Same as in the scanner module.)

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Push button

A push-button (also spelled pushbutton)) or simply button is a simple switch mechanism to control some
aspect of a machine or a process.. Buttons are typically made out of hard material, usually plastic or metal.
The surface is usually flat or shaped to accommodate the human finger or hand, so as to be easily depressed
or pushed.

Figure 3.15 Push button

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3.3 HARDWARE DESIGN

3.3.1.EM-18 Reader

Figure 3.16 EM-18 Reader

PNP Transistor is used as a switch to power buzzer.

3.3.2 TFT Display

Figure 3.17 Voltage Divider Circuit

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V1=5V

R1=1.6K

R2=3.3K

Vout= (5x3.3)/(1.6+3.3)

=3.367V.

Fig 3.18 TFT Display interfacing with Arduino

R1=1.6 K and R2=3.3K.

R1- resistors connected directly to the digital pins.

R2-resistors whose one terminal connected to ground.

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3.3.3 RFID TAG

Figure 3.19 RFID TAG-Working

Figure 3.20 RFID TAG-Internal Diagram

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3.3.4 RF

Figure 3.21 HT12D- Decoder

Figure 3.22 HT12E- Encoder IC

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3.3.5 Keypad

Figure 3.23 4x4 Keypad

Hex key pad is simply an arrangement 0f 16 push button switches in a 4X4 matrix form. Typically a hex
keypad will have keys for number 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and letters A, B, C, D, *, #. The hex keypad will
have 8 connection wires namely R1, R2, R3, R4 and C1, C2, C3, C4 representing the rows and columns
respectively.

3.3.6 LED

Figure 3.24 LED

Typically, the forward voltage of an LED is between 1.8 and 3.3 volts.

It varies by the colour of the LED. A red LED typically drops around 1.7 to 2.0 volts.

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3.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.4.1 Scanning Module

Figure 3.25 Scanning Module-Circuit Diagram

The microcontroller we use is ArduinoNano. It uses atmega328p as its processor. Arduino Nano is
small,complete and also breadboard-friendly
friendly unlike Arduino UNO.

Powering Arduino Nano:

There are totally three ways by which you can power your Nano.

USB Jack: Connect the mini USB jack to a phone charger or computer through a cable and it will draw
power required for the board to function

Vin Pin: The Vin pin can be supplied with a unregulated 66-12V
12V to power the board. The on-board
on voltage
regulator regulates it to +5V

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+5V Pin: If you have a regulated +5V supply then you can directly provide this o the +5V pin of the
Arduino.

There are totally 14 digital Pins and 8 Analog pins on your Nano board. The digital pins can be used to
interface sensors by using them as input pins or drive loads by using them as output pins. A simple function
like pinMode() and digitalWrite() can be used to control their operation. The operating voltage is 0V and 5V
for digital pins. The analog pins can measure analog voltage from 0V to 5V using any of the 8 Analog pins
using a simple function liken analogRead()

The VCC and BLK pins of the TFT display are shorted and connected to the Arduino 3V3 pin.The GND pin
of the TFT display is connected to the Arduino GND pin.Rest of the pins ie.RST,DC,SDA and SCL of TFT
display are connected to the Arduino digital pins 8,9,11 and 13 respectively each one through a voltage
divider circuit.

The TX pin of EM 18 reader module is connected to the RX pin of Arduino. The BEEP pin is used to
provide an alert to the user through a buzzer/LED. It is connected to the 5V pin of Arduino.The GND pin of
EM 18 reader module is connected to the GND pin of Arduino.

The RF Receiver Module consists of 4 – pins: VCC, GND, Data and Antenna. VCC and GND pins are
connected to 5V pin of the Arduino and ground respectively. The data pin is connected to Pin 12 of
the Arduino. An antenna similar to the transmitter module is connected to the antenna pin of the 434
MHz Receiver module.

The Buzzer/LED circuit is used for communication with the user.One terminal of the buzzer is directly
connected to the VCC of Arduino and the the other terminal connected to the collector of the transistor
which functions as a switch.The emitter of the transistor is connected to the ground and the base is
connected to digital pin 3 to provide trigger voltage to operate transistor as a switch. The Ballast Resistors
provided to limit the current through LED.

Keypad is used as an input device to read the key pressed by the user and to process it.

4x4 keypad consists of 4 rows and 4 columns. Switches are placed between the rows and columns.

A key press establishes a connection between the corresponding row and column, between which the switch
is placed.

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3.4.2 Billing Module

Figure 3.26 Billing Module-Circuit Diagram

The billing module has a switch connected to the analog pin 2.Once the customer finishes his/her
shopping, he/she presses the finish button in the cart which alerts the billing counters that he/she is done
and is ready to pay. The billing counter which is free sends back a response via the switch. The rest of the
billing module is same as that of the scanning module.

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CHAPTER 4

ALGORITHM

Step 1 : Scan the user shopping card , a RFID Tag which contains user data like name , mobile number ,
place etc.
Step 2: Now the system is ready to scan products , now user scan add/delete items as per user need.
Step 3:The scanned products are saved to the EEPROM of the microcontroller.
Step 4:While add/delete operation is done successfully then the display shows the details of products in
the cart and the total amount.
Step 5:If the user has completed the purchase then to checkout, FINISH button in the keypad is pressed.
If FINISH button is not pressed within 5 seconds go to Step 2.
Step 6:Display the items in the cart and the total amount.
Step 7:The system waits for the user confirmation ,then the user can confirm using a CONFIRM button
provided in the keypad.
If CONFIRM button is not pressed within 5 seconds go to Step 2
Step 8:Now the system transmits the data to the billing section ,an alert is given to all of the billing
counters.
Step 9:Whenever the billing counter is free then it will receive the data and give an acknowledgement
signal to the cart followed by the counter number.
Step10:The cart request for the confirmation for checkout, user confirms using CONFIRM button.
Step 11:The cart displays the counter number and total amount to be paid.
Step 12:The billing counter staff scans the shopping cart.
Step 13:The billing system displays the item details and total amount.

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FLOWCHART
(Scanning module)

Fig:4.1 Module 1 code flowchart

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FLOWCHART
(Billing module)

Fig:4.2 Module 2 code flowchart

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CHAPTER 5

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Fig 5.1 TFT Display interfacing with Arduino-Initialization

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Fig 5.2 EM18 Reader Module interfacing with Arduino

Fig 5.3 EM 18 Reader module and TFT Display interfacing with Arduino-Before Scanning

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Fig 5.4 Interfacing EM 18 Reader Module and TFT Display –After Scanning Products

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CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

In this present era of high rate economic growth, time is very important. Everybody is moving reckless to
catch up with time. An average man spends his 6 months of his lives waiting in line for things. In order to
save time and make life more comfortable new technologies are being introduced. Our system is a highly
time saving system where we can avoid the queue and rushes in the billing counter of a supermarket. It is
more reliable and user friendly than the existing system. Smart shopping system may became a
revolutionary product in the shopping sector, it helps the buyer to know the bill details in advance so that he
can plan an affordable purchase. Smart shopping system can be powerful marketing tools for many business
promotions for the supermarkets by gaining more customers providing quick service. In future the
implementation of Online payment methods on the cart makes shopping more easy and time saving. With a
development and advancement in customer ID cards helps the customers to easily purchase the products. In
future the smart shopping system will further upgraded with more features to make it more useful for
shopping as well as marketing products.

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REFERENCES

[1]Dr.Suryaprasad J, Praveen Kumar B O, Roopa D & Arjun A K “A Novel Low-Cost Intelligent

Shopping Cart” IEEE 2nd International Conference on Networked Embedded Systems for Enterprise
Applications,2011

[2] Dr.Sheifali Gupta. Ashmeet Kaur, AvniGarg, AbhishekVerma, Akshay Bansal.&Arvinder Singh
“ARDUINO BASED SMART CART”International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer
Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2013

[3]P. Chandrasekar,T. Sangeetha“Smart Shopping Cart with Automatic Billing System through RFID
and ZigBee”International Conference on Information Communication and Embedded Systems
(ICICES2014)

[4] Sudhir Rao Rupanagudi,FathimaJabeen, Vaishnav Ram Savarni K R, SindhuAdinarayana, Vinay K

Bharadwaj,VarshaG.Bhat, “A Novel Video Processing based Cost Effective-Smart Trolley System for
Supermarkets using FPGA” ,International Conference on Communication, Information & Computing
Technology (ICCICT),2015

[5] You-Chiun Wang, Senior Member, IEEE, and Chang-Chen Yang“3S-cart: A Lightweight,
Interactive Sensor-based Cart for Smart Shopping in Supermarkets”IEEE Sensors Journal, 16(17) ,2016.

[6] BhagyashreeBhumkar , TejasviniChangal , BhagyashriDahifale , Ganesh Deshmuk“Automatic

Billing Trolley using RFID and ZigBee with Android Application Rewarding System”Vol. 5, Issue 5,
May 2016

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APPENDIX-A
A.1 CODE
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h> // Core graphics library
#include <Adafruit_ST7789.h> // Hardware-specific library for ST7789
#include <EEPROM.h>

#include <Adafruit_Keypad.h>
#include <SPI.h> // Arduino SPI library'
// ST7789 TFT module connections
#define TFT_CS 10 // define chip select pin
#define TFT_DC 9 // define data/command pin
#define TFT_RST 8 // define reset pin, or set to -1 and connect to Arduino
RESET pin
// Initialize Adafruit ST7789 TFT library
Adafruit_ST7789 tft = Adafruit_ST7789(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_RST);
float p = 3.1415926;
int input[12];
int count = 0;
int j=0,c=1;
int total=0;
char item[100];
const byte ROWS = 4; // rows
const byte COLS = 4; // columns
//define the symbols on the buttons of the keypads
char keys[ROWS][COLS] = {
{'1','2','3','A'},
{'4','5','6','B'},
{'7','8','9','C'},
{'*','0','#','D'}
};
byterowPins[ROWS] = {5, 4, 3, 2}; //connect to the row pinouts of the keypad
bytecolPins[COLS] = {11, 10, 9, 8}; //connect to the column pinouts of the
keypad
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intaddr = 0,l;
voidepromwrite()
{
EEPROM.write(addr,item);
addr = addr + 1;
if (addr == EEPROM.length()) {

addr = 0;
}
}
voidtftPrintTest()
{
tft.setTextWrap(false);
tft.fillScreen(ST77XX_BLACK);
tft.setCursor(25, 5);
tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_BLUE);
tft.setTextSize(3);
tft.println("SMART CART");
tft.setCursor(0, 35);
tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_WHITE);
tft.setTextSize(2);
tft.println(" Qtty Rate");
}
voidreaduserdata()
{
if(input[6]==48)
{
Serial.print(c);
Serial.print("welcome");
Serial.print("\n");
input[6]=0;
j++;
tft.setCursor(5, (35+25*c));
tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_WHITE);

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tft.setTextSize(2);
tft.print(c);
}
}
voidscanrfid()
{

if(Serial.available()) // CHECK FOR AVAILABILITY OF SERIAL DATA

{
count = 0; // Reset the counter to zero
if(count==1)
{
c=c+1;
}
while(Serial.available() && count < 12)
{
input[count] = Serial.read(); // Read 1 Byte of data and store it in the input[]
variable
count++; // increment counter
delay(5);
}
}
}
void confirm()
{
while(customKeypad.available())
{
keypadEvent e = customKeypad.read();
Serial.print((char)e.bit.KEY);
if(e.bit.EVENT == KEY_JUST_PRESSED) Serial.println(" pressed");
else if(e.bit.EVENT == KEY_JUST_RELEASED) Serial.println(" released");
}
if(keypressed="confirm")
return;

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else
loopfunction();
}
void transmit()
{
}
voidreaddata()

if(input[6]==48)
{
Serial.print(c);
Serial.print("Colgate MaxFresh Toothpaste 200gm 105 rs");
Serial.print("\n");
item="Colgate MaxFreshToothpast";
input[6]=0;
j++;
tft.setCursor(5, (35+25*c));
tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_WHITE);
tft.setTextSize(2);
tft.print(c);
tft.print(". ");
tft.setCursor(35, (35+25*c));
tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_GREEN);
tft.setTextSize(2);
tft.print("Colgate 200 105");
c++;
total = total+105;
}
if(input[6]==49)
{
Serial.print(c);
Serial.print("Lux Soft Touch Soap Bar 100gm 80 rs");

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Serial.print("\n");
item="Lux Soft Touch Soap Bar";
input[6]=0;
tft.setCursor(5, (35+25*c));
tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_WHITE);
tft.setTextSize(2);
tft.print(c);
tft.print(". ");
tft.setCursor(35, (35+25*c));
tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_GREEN);
tft.setTextSize(2);
tft.print("Lux SOAP 100 80");

total = total+80;
j++;
c++;
}
if(input[6]==50)
{
Serial.print(c);
Serial.print("Faber Castell Pencil 5B 5pcs 60 rs");
Serial.print("\n");
item="Faber Castell Pencil 5B";
input[6]=0;
tft.setCursor(5, (35+25*c));
tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_WHITE);
tft.setTextSize(2);
tft.print(c);
tft.print(". ");
tft.setCursor(35, (35+25*c));
tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_GREEN);
tft.setTextSize(2);
tft.print("Pencil 5 60");
total = total+60;
j++;

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c++;
}
if(c==7)
{
tft.setCursor(35,210);
tft.setTextColor(ST77XX_RED);
tft.setTextSize(2);
tft.print("Total = ");
tft.setCursor(200,210);
tft.print(total);
}
}

voidloopfunction()
{
for(l=0;l<7;l++)

{
scanrfid();
readdata();
}
confirm();
transimit();
}
void setup(void)
{
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.print(F("Hello! ST77xx TFT Test"));
// if the display has CS pin try with SPI_MODE0

tft.init(240, 240, SPI_MODE2); // Init ST7789 display 240x240 pixel

// if the screen is flipped, remove this command
tft.setRotation(2);
Serial.println(F("Initialized"));
tftPrintTest();
}
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void loop()
{
scanrfid();
readuserdata();
loopfunction();
}

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A.2 DATA SHEET

A000005

Arduino Nano

Arduino Nano Front Arduino Nano Rear

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Overview
The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the ATmeGA328
(Arduino Nano 3.0) or ATmeGA168 (Arduino Nano 2.x). It has more or less the same functionality of the
Arduino Duemilanove, but in a different package. It lacks only a DC power jack, and works with a
Mini-B USB cable instead of a standard one. The Nano was designed and is being produced by
Gravitech.

Power:
The Arduino Nano can be powered via the Mini-B USB connection, 6-20V unregulated external power
supply (pin 30), or 5V regulated external power supply (pin 27). The power source is automatically selected
to the highest voltage source.

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Schematic and Design

Arduino Nano 3.0 (ATmeGA328): schematic, Eagle files.

Arduino Nano 2.3 (ATmeGA168): manual (pdf), Eagle files. Note: since the free version of Eagle does not
handle more than 2 layers, and this version of the Nano is 4 layers, it is published here unrouted, so users can
open and use it in the free version of Eagle.

Specifications:
Microcontroller Atmel ATmega168 or ATmeGA328
Operating Voltage
(logic level) 5V
Input Voltage
(recommended) 7-12 V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20 V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 8
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
Flash Memory 16 KB (ATmeGA168) or 32 KB (ATmeGA328) of which 2 KB used by
bootloader
SRAM 1 KB (ATmega168) or 2 KB (ATmeGA328)
EEPROM 512 bytes (ATmega168) or 1 KB (ATmeGA328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz
Dimensions 0.73" x 1.70"

Power:
The Arduino Nano can be powered via the Mini-B USB connection, 6-20V unregulated external power
supply (pin 30), or 5V regulated external power supply (pin 27). The power source is automatically selected
to the highest voltage source.

The FTDI FT232RL chip on the Nano is only powered if the board is being powered over USB. As a result,
when running on external (non-USB) power, the 3.3V output (which is supplied by the FTDI chip) is not
available and the RX and TX LEDs will flicker if digital pins 0 or 1 are high.

Memory
The ATmeGA168 has 16 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 2 KB is used for the bootloader);
the ATmeGA328 has 32 KB, (also with 2 KB used for the bootloader). The ATmeGA168 has 1 KB of SRAM
and 512 bytes of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM library); the ATmeGA328 has
2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM.

Input and Output

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Nano can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(),
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and digitalRead() functions. They operat ate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum
m of 40 mA
and has an internal pull-up resistor (discoonnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In additioon, some pins have
specialized functions:

Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are
connected to the corresponding pins of the FTDI USB USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pinns can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low
lo value, a rising
or falling edge, or a change in value. Seee the attachInterrupt() function for details.
PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit
bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.

SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK)). These pins support SPI communication, which, alth
hough provided by the
underlying hardware, is not currently include
cluded in the Arduino language.

LED: 13. There is a built-in LED conneccted to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH vallue, the LED is on,
when the pin is LOW, it's off.

The Nano has 8 analog inputs, each of w

which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 diffferent values). By
default they measure from ground to 5 vvolts, though is it possible to change the upper end
e of their range
using the analogReference() function. Addditionally, some pins have specialized functional
nality:

I2C: 4 (SDA) and 5 (SCL). Support I2C (TWI) communication

c using the Wire library (documentation
ion on the Wiring
website).

There are a couple of other pins on the board:

AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().
Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields
which block the one on the board.

See also the mapping between Arduinoo pi

pins and ATmeGA168 ports.

Communication
The Arduino Nano has a number of facillities for communicating with a computer, anotheer Arduino, or other
microcontrollers. The ATmeGA168 and A ATmeGA328 provide UART TTL (5V) serial commu ommunication, which
is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An FTDI FT232RL on the board channelss this t serial
communication over USB and the FTDI drivers (included with the Arduino software) pro ovide a virtual com
port to software on the computer. The Arrduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual
data to be sent to and from the Arduino bo
board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flashfla when data is
being transmitted via the FTDI chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for seri rial communication
on pins 0 and 1).
A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Nano's digital pins.
The ATmeGA168 and ATmeGA328 also ssupport I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. Thee Arduino software
includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus; see the documentation for details.. To use the SPI
communication, please see the ATmeGA1168 or ATmeGA328 datasheet.

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Programming
The Arduino Nano can be programmed wi with the Arduino software (download). Select "A
Arduino Diecimila,
Duemilanove, or Nano w/ ATmeGA168" or "Arduino Duemilanove or Nano w/ ATmeGA328" from the Tools
> Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your board). For details, see the reference and
tutorials.
The ATmeGA168 or ATmeGA328 on the Arduino Nano comes preburned with a bootloade ader that allows you to
upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicate
cates using the original
STK500 protocol (reference, C header fil
files).
You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In(In-Circuit Serial
Programming) header; see these instructions for details.

Automatic ( Software) Reset

Rather then requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Arduino Nano
N is designed in a
way that allows it to be reset by softwaree running on a connected computer. One of the hardware
h flow
control lines (DTR) of the FT232RL is cconnected to the reset line of the ATmeGA168 or ATmeGA328 via a
100 nanofarad capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken low), the reset line drops longg enough to reset the
chip. The Arduino software uses this cappability to allow you to upload code by simply prressing the upload
button in the Arduino environment. This his means that the bootloader can have a shorter tim
meout, as the
lowering of DTR can be well-coordinate ted with the start of the upload.
This setup has other implications. When the Nano is connected to either a computer running Mac OS X or
Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from software (via USB). For the following halfhalf-second
or so, the bootloader is running on the Nano. While it is programmed to ignore malformed data (i.e.
anything besides an upload of new code), it will intercept the first few bytes of data sent to the board after a
connection is opened. If a sketch running on the board receives one-timetime configuration or other data when it
first starts, make sure that the software with which it communicates waits a second after opening the
connection and before sending this data.

A000005

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