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Risc Cisc

The document discusses the differences between CISC and RISC architectures. CISC processors have complex instruction sets that can perform multiple tasks in one instruction, while RISC processors have simpler instruction sets that can operate at higher speeds by completing one operation per instruction cycle.

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Suraj Pulami
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127 views4 pages

Risc Cisc

The document discusses the differences between CISC and RISC architectures. CISC processors have complex instruction sets that can perform multiple tasks in one instruction, while RISC processors have simpler instruction sets that can operate at higher speeds by completing one operation per instruction cycle.

Uploaded by

Suraj Pulami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is CISC?

CISC was developed to make compiler development easier and simpler. The
full form of CISC is Complex Instruction Set Computer. They are chips that are
easy to program that makes efficient use of memory.

CISC eliminates the need for generating machine instructions to the


processor. For example, instead of having to make a compiler, write lengthy
machine instructions to calculate a square-root distance, a CISC processor
offers a built-in ability to do this.

Many of the early computing machines were programmed in assembly


language. Computer memory was slow and expensive. CISC was commonly
implemented in such large computers, such as the PDP-11 and the DEC
system.

What is RISC?
RISC is designed to perform a smaller number of types of computer
instruction. Hence, it can operate at a higher speed. The full form of RISC is
Reduced Instruction Set Computers. It is a microprocessor that is designed to
perform smaller number of computer instruction so that it can operate at a
higher speed.

Characteristics of CISC
Here, are important characteristics Of CISC

One instruction is needed to support multiple addressing modes.

● A large number of instructions.


● Instruction-decoding logic will be complex.
● Instructions for special tasks used infrequently.
● A large variety of addressing modes
● It offers variable-length instruction formats.
● Instruction are larger than one-word size.
● Instruction may take more than a single clock cycle to get executed.
● Less number of general-purpose registers as operation get performed in
memory itself.
● Various CISC designs are set up with two special registers for the stack
pointer for managing interrupts

Characteristics of RISC
Here, are an important characteristic of RICS:

● Simpler instruction decoding


● A number of general-purpose registers.
● Simple Addressing Modes
● Fewer Data types.
● A pipeline can be achieved
● One instruction per cycle
● Register-to-register operations
● Simple instruction format
● Instruction execution would be faster
● Smaller Programs

Difference between CISC and RISC


Here, are important differences between CISC vs. RISC

CISC RISC
It has a microprogramming unit. It has a hard-wired unit of
programming.

The instruction set has various The instruction set is reduced, and
different instructions that can be most of these instructions are very
used for complex operations. primitive.

Performance is optimized with Performance is optimized which


emphasis on hardware. emphasis on software

Only single register set Multiple register sets are present

They are mostly less or not pipelined This type of processors are highly
pipelined

Execution time is very high Execution time is very less

Code expansion is not a problem. Code expansion may create a


problem.

Decoding of instructions is complex. The decoding of instructions is


simple.

It requires external memory for It doesn't require external memory


calculations for calculations

Examples of CISC processors are Common RISC microprocessors are


the System/360, VAX, AMD, and ARC, Alpha, ARC, ARM, AVR,
Intel x86 CPUs. PA-RISC, and SPARC.
Single-cycle for each instruction Instructions can take several clock
cycles

Heavy use of RAM (can cause More efficient use of RAM than RISC
bottlenecks if RAM is limited)

Simple, standardized instructions Complex and variable-length


instructions

A small number of fixed-length A large number of instructions


instructions

Limited addressing modes Compound addressing modes

Important applications are Security Important applications are :


systems, Home automation. Smartphones, PDAs.

Varying formats (16-64 bits for each fixed (32-bit) format


instruction).

Unified cache for instructions and Separate data and instruction cache.
data.

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