O The sense of Nationalism is said to be not
solely exclusive to one man but a natural
tendency which could be willed by anyone.
This nationalism has become the seed of
Heroism among our patriots.
O A great hero that he was so considered,
have tried to leave a spontaneous mark that
his efforts were for his people, even at some
point doubted by a few.
O Because of his enormous
contributions to the fields of
knowledge which interest
him, Dr. Jose Rizal earned
great respect not only from
his countrymen but from
people around the world who
have seen a notable
character in each of these
contributions.
O Moreover, Rizal did not intend
to acquire all of these for the
sake of a personal
satisfaction but of a higher
intent- for his motherland.
Thus, Rizal was being
considered as one of the
foremost examples of a hero
with remarkable national
consciousness.
Lesson Objectives:
O Identify the relative key factors which help shape and affect
Dr. Jose Rizal’s nationalistic spirit.
O Determine the importance of nationalistic consciousness
and its necessary role in the assessment and understanding
of one’s national identity as a Filipino.
Lesson Content:
I. Participation of Rizal in Nationalist Movements
II. Implication of his early childhood environment as to have
contributed vastly to his unwavering sense of nationalism.
• Suggested Related Readings should be researched should
you need more support in your personal studies about Rizal’s
Nationalism
I. Participation of Rizal in Nationalist Movements
Traces of Nationalism
O The oppression brought about
by the Spanish political
regime is said to have caused
the various revolts to occur in
the different parts of the
Philippines during their time.
• The Propaganda Movement
O In 1892, a united group of
Filipino compatriots formed a
certain organization which
would embody their aims and
objectives for the benefit of
their fellow Filipinos. This was
the Propaganda Movement.
• The Propaganda Movement
O The Propagandists were one
in their aims for peaceful
reforms for the country by
Spain. Some of the notable
members aside from Rizal
were Marcelo del Pilar,
Antonio Luna, Juan Luna,
Graciano Lopez-Jaena, Pedro
Paterno, and Mariano Ponce.
A. The abolition of Tobacco Monopoly in 1881 (this is said to
be the end of Spanish tobacco monopoly in the country)
B. The management of the Exposicion Filipina in 1887,
misrepresentation of the Filipinos causing the Spanish
authorities to turn down reforms.
C. The attack against the Filipino as a race by Quioquiap
(mental and physical incapacity of the Filipinos that have
stirred the Filipinos’ sense of identity and pride).
D. The victory of Luna and Hidalgo in 1884 during an art
exposition in Madrid (which they considered a proof that
Filipino could rise to greatness); and
E. The aim to have and publish their own newspaper.
Jose’s Nationalism
Encabo, Corina
O The Propaganda Movement’s principal
newspaper was the LA SOLIDARIDAD. This
contains the exposure of the prolific writers
pleas against Spain (called during their time,
Mother Hispania)
O In 1889, the Propagandists found a way to air
their nationalistic sentiments in the Movement’s
official paper, the La Solidaridad. Through this
publication they were able to declare the
reforms that they wanted from the Spanish
government.
These were the demanded reforms:
1. Social and Political Freedom
2. Freedom of the Press, of Speech, of assembly
3. Equality before the law
4. Participation in governmental affairs
5. Promotion of Education
6. Stoppage of the Guardia Civils’ abuses and of
the deportation of citizens.
O In July 3 of 1892, Rizal organized the Liga
Filipina. This was another organization
formed aimed in the direction of the reform
movements in the Philippines. The
organization has five aims depicting the
reforms wanted are done through peaceful
means. The league aimed at alleviating the
social ills in society.
Jose’s Nationalism
Encabo, Corina
O Avid followers of the league were Andres Bonifacio,
Domingo Franco, and Apolinario Mabini. Not only them
but generally, the people who sought changes in the
country were inspired and attracted by this organization.
This organization was considered as one of the
successful roads to freedom since, even it was laid
frozen at the time Rizal was captured, some efforts by
heroes have led to its revival which also means the
revival of the aims for freedom and independence for
the country.
Jose’s Nationalism
Encabo, Corina
II. Rizal’s sense of Nationalism is also observed in his early years.
O At home his artistic abilities (in writing, drawing
etc.,) were enhanced by the values of love, affection
and loyalty developed by the influence of this home
(his, parents, siblings, surroundings)
The Story of the Moth
O The story which depicts a
moth which was burned
because he did not heed to
her mother’s advise of not
coming close to the candle
light.
• This story was long held to be a source of a heroic implication
by Rizal when his mother taught the moral of the story.
The Story of the Moth
O His mother wanted him to be
warned of drawing oneself to
danger or situations which
would hasten death. But Rizal
had seen another moral from
the story, although at that
moment he did not dare to
say a word of disagreement to
his mother.
• For Rizal it is just worthwhile to touch the light of freedom even if at
the expense of his life.
The Reflection at the Lagunade bay
O In an account by Rizal,
he expressed a reality he
said to have witnessed
almost daily.
O “....in our town, we saw the
Guardia Civil caning,
injuring some unarmed
and inoffensive villager.
• The villager’s only fault was that while at distance he had not taken
his hat off and made his bow.”
The Reflection at the Lagunade bay
O This account shows a spirit
of sympathy for his
countrymen whose
experiences are thought to
be just ordinary because of
the frequency of such
abuses.
The Imprisonment of Dona Teodora
O This was one sad event during
Rizal’s childhood when his
mother, Dona Teodora was
accused of poisoning his
sister-in-law. Without evidence
that could prove the
accusation, his mother was
captured by the Guardia Civil
and put to prison.
• Rizal became acquainted with the concepts of injustice and unfairness
because of events as such.
The GomBurZaExecution
O In 1872, the three priest; Fr. Gomez,
Fr. Burgos and Fr. Zamora, were
beheaded by the order of the high
Spanish officials. The three priests
were accused as the masterminds
of the Cavite Mutiny. Their execution
by the garrote had caused even
more anger to the Filipinos by
Spain.
O Their execution by the garrote had caused even more anger to the
Filipinos by Spain.
The GomBurZaExecution
O As the news reached Rizal’s
home, the family was filled with
grief expecially Paciano who was
a dear friend of Padre Burgos.
This was another glimpse of
injustice in the eyes of the
national hero at his early age
while such event occurred.
TheEarlyWritings(atAteneoMunicipal,and, UST)
O Rizal’s writings such as his poems were all considered to have
contained traces of nationalistic declaration. Some of these poems
were:
O To the Memory of My Town
O My First Inspiration
O Al Nino Jesus
O Felicitation
O The Intimate Alliance of Religion and
Good Education
O Beside the River Pasig
O To the Filipino Youth
O The Council of the gods
O The Love of Country, and more.
