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Annex 2 - Delivery Format - Task 2

1. This document contains exercises on electromagnetic wave propagation through different media. It includes calculations of reflection and transmission coefficients, reflected and transmitted power, and the use of Snell's law to calculate the total path of a wave through multiple layers. 2. The exercises are worked through step-by-step with calculations shown. Reflection and transmission coefficients are calculated for waves incident on walls of different materials. 3. Snell's law is applied to find the angle of propagation and distance traveled as a wave passes through three layers of material with different refractive indices. The total distance traveled is calculated.

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61 views13 pages

Annex 2 - Delivery Format - Task 2

1. This document contains exercises on electromagnetic wave propagation through different media. It includes calculations of reflection and transmission coefficients, reflected and transmitted power, and the use of Snell's law to calculate the total path of a wave through multiple layers. 2. The exercises are worked through step-by-step with calculations shown. Reflection and transmission coefficients are calculated for waves incident on walls of different materials. 3. Snell's law is applied to find the angle of propagation and distance traveled as a wave passes through three layers of material with different refractive indices. The total distance traveled is calculated.

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Ever Castañeda
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Task 2 - Electromagnetic waves in bounded open media

Individual work format

Eder Armando Castañeda Rios


Group 53
1116546684

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD


Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería
Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas
2021 16-01
Exercises development

Activity
Answers: (write with your own words)
1. Depending on its frequency, signal energies and electromagnetic properties
can propagate: direct propagation or line-of-sight propagation, propagation by
terrestrial reflection and propagation by atmospheric reflection.
2. When the angle of incidence is greater than the limit angle there is no
refracted ray, so, it is said that there is total reflection.
[CITATION htt \p 3 \l 9226 ]

3. Refraction is the change of direction of the wave motion that occurs after
passing this from one medium to another in which it propagates with different
speeds. It is governed by two laws:

incident lightning
Snell's law of refraction
[ CITATION Jos5 \l 9226 ]

4. the angles of incidence and refraction are related by:


n1 sen θ 1=:n2 sen θ 2

[CITATION neb \p 5 \l 3082 ]

Application exercises:
For the development of the following exercises, note that ¿ corresponds to the
group number and CCC to the last 3 digits of the identification number.
2
+¿=100 mW /m ¿
1. An electromagnetic wave of f =¿ MHz and P1 , incident from the air
(η1 =120 π Ω), perpendicular to an infinite wall with an intrinsic impedance
η2=(CCC +10) Ω. Calculate the reflected power P1 and the transmitted power
−¿ ¿

2 to the wall.
P+¿¿

Figure 1: Propagation of “normal wave” in infinite medium.


Attention, for the calculations:
1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.
2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *
3. Paste the calculator image into the report.
4. Write the answer with your units.
If the image is not included, the exercise rating is 0 points.
* You can use https://www.geogebra.org/scientific
2
mW /m ¿
P+¿=100
1

η1=120 π Ω=377 Ω

η2=694 Ω

reflection coefficient is found


η −η
Γ= 2 1
η2 + η1

694 Ω−377 Ω
Γ=
694 Ω+377 Ω

Γ =0.296

Reflectance
2
R=|Γ|
2
R=|0.296| =0.0876

Transmittance
2
T =1−| Γ|

T =1−0.0876=0.9124

reflected power

¿
¿

Transmitted power

Interpretation: according to the concept of power, explain the meaning of


−¿ ¿ +¿¿
the value obtained for P1 and P2 .
It can be seen that the reflected power is lower, obtaining that the wave is
transmitted in higher gain.
2
mW /m ¿
2. An electromagnetic wave of f =53 MHzand P+¿=100 1 , coming from a wave
generator located 12 cm from the wall, which impinges from the air
( η1 =120 π Ω )perpendicularly on a wall with an intrinsic impedance η2=(694) Ω
and 20 cm thick. The wall is made of a non-magnetic and non-dissipative
material. On the other side of the wall is a receiver located 20cm away.

Figure 2: Propagation of “normal wave” in finite medium.


a. Calculate the coefficient of reflection Ґ and transmission τ seen by the
generator.

phase constant

ω η1
β=
C 0 η2

2 π∗53 x 106 Hz∗377


β=
3 x 108 m/ s∗694 Ω

rad
β=0.602
m
input impedance
η + j η2 tan ⁡(βx )
η¿ =η2 3
η2+ j η3 tan ⁡(βx )

rad
377 Ω+ j 694 Ω tan ⁡(0.602 ∗0.20 m)
m
η¿ =694 Ω
rad
694 Ω+ j377 Ω tan ⁡(0.602 ∗0.20 m)
m

η¿ =380.8861+5903 j

Reflection coefficient on the first face:

η¿ −η1
Γ 1=
η¿ +η1

( 380.8861+ 5903 j )−377 Ω


Γ 1=
( 380.8861+5903 j ) +377 Ω
Transmission coefficient on the first face:

τ 1=1+ Γ 1

τ 1=1+ 0.0111264+0.0770206 j

Face 1 transmittance:
2
T 1=1−|Γ 1|
2
T 1=1−|0.0111264+ 0.0770206 j|

T 1=0.9922=99.223 %R 1=100−99.223=0.77 %

Reflection coefficient on the second face:


η −η
Γ 2= 3 pared
η3 + η pared

377 Ω−694 Ω
Γ 2=
377 Ω+694 Ω
Γ2

¿−0.296

Transmittance face 2:
2
T 2=1−|Γ 2|
2
T 2=1−|0.296|

T 2=0.9124

b. Determine in [%] and [mW /m2 ]the power Pt that is transmitted to the
receiver.

Total transmittance:

T =T 1∗T 2T =0.9922∗0.9124

T =0.9052=90.53 %

Attention, for the calculations:


1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.
2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *
3. Paste the calculator image into the report.
4. Write the answer with your units.
If the image is not included, the exercise rating is 0 points.
* You can use https://www.geogebra.org/scientific
Interpretation: According to the concepts explored, explain the meaning of
the value obtained for Ґ , τ and Pt .

it can be seen that the Transmittance of face 1 and 2 has a high percentage,
resulting in a total transmittance of 90.53%

3. An electromagnetic wave propagates through several media as shown in the


graph.

Figure 3: Propagation of “oblique wave” in finite media.


Initially the ray travels through the ice layer striking the air layer at point B,
forming an angle of θa =50 °. Using Snell's Law, calculate step by step the total
path of the wave to determine the value of "d". Note that each layer is (694) mm
thick.
η1=1.31

η2=1.0002926

η3 =1.50

θa =50 °

θa ' =40 °

Snell's Law
η1 sen ( θ a )=η2 sen ( θb )

η1
θb =sin
−1
( η2
sen(θ a) )
1.50
θb =sin −1 ( 1.0002926 sen( 40 °) )
θb ¿ 57.33 °

point C analysis

η2 sen ( θb )=η3 sen ( θc )

η2
θc =sin
−1
( η3
sen(θ b) )
θc =sin−1 ( 1.0002926
1.50
sen(57.33 °) )

θc =34.15 °

calculate distance between B and C

dBC
tan ( θ b )=
694 mm

dBC
tan ( 57.33 ° )=
694 mm

dBC =tan ( 57.33 ° )∗694 mm


dBC =1082.3 mm

calculate distance between C and D

d CD
tan ( 34.15 ) =
694 mm

d CD=tan ( 34.15 ° )∗694 mm

dCD=470.5 mm

Total Distance

d=dBC +dCD
d=1082.3mm+ 470.5 mm

d=1553.1m m
Attention, for the calculations:
1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.
2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *
3. Paste the calculator image into the report.
4. Write the answer with your units.
If the image is not included, the exercise rating is 0 points.
* You can use https://www.geogebra.org/scientific

Application example

Example:

Video link

URL: http://youtu.be/madR9KViHoc?hd=1

References

(s.f.). Obtenido de
https://www.iesreyescatolicos.es/sitio/images/stories/departamentos/fyq
/pdf/2bach/c3u2b.pdf
Fernandez, J. (s.f.). Fisicalab. Obtenido de
https://www.fisicalab.com/apartado/reflexion-refraccion-ondas
nebrija . (s.f.). Obtenido de
https://www.nebrija.es/~cmalagon/Fisica_Aplicada/transparencias/05-
Luz/18_-_reflexion_y_refraccion.pdf

Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Boston: Academic


Press, (pp. 519-524). Recovered from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?url=http://se
arch.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=117152
&lang=es&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_519

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