VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)

ISSN(Online): 2581-7280

VIVA Institute of Technology

9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

INDUCTION MOTOR PROTECTION USING PLC

Dhiraj Bukale1, Pawan Balugade2, Vrushabh Kamerkar3
Prof. Mukeshkumar Mishra4
1(Electrical Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
2(Electrical Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
3(Electrical Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
4(Electrical Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)

Abstract : Induction motor is rotating type of electro-mechanical device. Induction motor convert electrical
energy into mechanical energy. Induction motor is highly reliable, require less maintenance and have high
efficiency. Induction motor are wide in range of operation and it used in many application because its
construction is simple and robust. In past induction motor can be protected by manual operation of component
such as timer, contactor, electromagnetic switch, voltage and current transformer. Protection of an induction
motor against problem such as short circuit, temperature rise, single phasing and motor vibration occurring in
the operation is very important. Manual operation of protection system are very slow and is not accurate.
Looking to this issues, in this paper PLC based protection method is used. Which operated automatically,
provide higher accuracy and quick response.
Keywords : Economical, Fault analysis, Induction motor, PLC, Reliable

1. INTRODUCTION

Induction motors are perplexing electrical machine used in most of the industrial applications for the
transformation of power from electrical to mechanical. Induction Motors are utilized worldwide as the
workhorse as a part of the mechanical provisions. Such motors are robust machines utilized for general purposes,
in risky areas and serious situations. Broadly useful provisions of induction motors in corporate pumps,
transports, machine instruments, diffusive machines, presses, lifts. Induction motor is the most moderate
electrical machine from construction point of view. Induction motor are highly reliable, require less maintenance
and have high efficiency. The motor fault is due to mechanical and electrical stress. Mechanical stress is caused
by overload and suddenly load changes, which can produce vibration in motor. Electrical stress is caused by
Short circuit, temperature rise and some other faults like speed, single phasing etc., Hence the failure is occurs in
the motor, such failure is costly, increase maintenance cost and wasted raw material. To overcome the above
problem, the fault detection and protection of induction motor by using PLC (Programmable Logic Control)
method can be used. [1]

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280

VIVA Institute of Technology

9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

2. METHODOLOGY

The following is the design methodology for the project Induction motor protection using PLC.

2.1 Block Diagram

Figure 1: Block Diagram [2]

2.2 Working Principle

As per shown in the block diagram, CT (current transformer) & PT (potential transformer) are used for
current and voltage measurement, any temperature sensor for measuring temperature and speed by using
incremental encoder /optimal sensor. The output of these sensors are given to PLC. In this method of protection,
the online monitoring of induction motor is done and all the necessary electrical parameters – voltage, current
and temperature, speed are monitored. If the parameters are bounded which mean all the parameters are within
their normal operating range, the PLC will continuously be allowing the induction motor to be connected with
the three phase supply. However, if there is any disturbance found, PLC will trip the induction motor by giving a
tripping- signal to magnetic contactor and relay as per the programmed conditions.

 Types of faults with their normal and abnormal magnitude:

Table 1: Motor normal and abnormal fault magnitude [3]

Fault Type Normal Abnormal

Over Voltage 220 V 235 V

Under Voltage 220 V 190 V

Over Temperature 27 oC 40 oC

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280

VIVA Institute of Technology

9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

2.3 Circuit Diagram

Figure 2: Circuit Diagram[2]

2.4 Components and specifications

Table 2: Components and Specifications

Sr. No. Components Specifications

1 DELTA PLC 20.4 to 28.8 VDC I/O 8/6

2 CURRENT TRANSFORMER RATIO 50:5A

3 POTENTIAL TRANFORMER RATIO 230:V

LM 35 TEMPERATURE
4 4 to 30V DC
SENSOR
5 INDUCTION MOTOR Three phase,415V,50Hz,5HP

2.5 Mathematical Analysis

Table 3: Mathematical Formula for designing

Sr. No. Formula Description

1. For current Transformer : Np = Primary turns
Np Is Ns = Secondary turns
Ns Ip Is = Secondary current
For full load current of 7A we use CT ratio 50:5A Ip = Primary current
From the above we get output of CT will be 0.7 A

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280

VIVA Institute of Technology

9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

2. For Potential Transformer PT = Potential Transformer

230:5 V ratio PT we use
3. For temperature sensor LM35 :
10mV/Degree C, 40*10 = 400mv output we get for 40 Degree C

3. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

3.1 Conclusion
System for protection of System for protection of induction motor from abnormal conditions using
PLC is built and tested. PLC can be used even in unclean circumstances and environments of high
temperatures, humidity and chemicals and thus suitable in an industry than any other logic devices. They
have direct interoperability to other industrial devices such as relays, valves, actuators, transmitters, motor
starters etc. Simplicity in programming of PLC makes the system more popular. The project can be modified
by implementing supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), which provides real time monitoring of
various parameters of the motor on a computer screen. Further, the protection can be implemented with large
three phase motors used in industries.[4]

3.2 Future Scope

3.2.1 Latest trends in industrial automation

Latest trends in the industrial automation include increased use of analytic, growing use of PLC and
increased cloud-based supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. These tendency
will be effect the industrial automation control market, according to a report. The report also forecast
that these trends will also result in an eight percent compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for the
Asia region, but the direction are likely to be seen globally. Automation industry is moving towards
the future of the unparalleled productivity spurred by superior energy efficiency, better design and
operator visualization.[5]

3.2.2 Latest PLC technology

Latest PLC technology helps to monitor and control distributed multiple user applications. It also
provides a accurate and overall picture of operations, meeting the demands of multiple stakeholders
including maintenance and production information technology (IT). Reliable and robust functions can
be obtained using the latest technologies of PLC. These technologies enable you to take the
advantage of visualization and other new technologies, meeting various challenges in operation,
discrete applications and delivering critical visibility when you need it.

3.2.3 Scope of PLC programming

PLC’s are continuously growing and evolving to be the best option for a variety of industrial
automation applications. Scope of PLC programming is increasing rapidly because of greater
programming flexibility and ease, more memory, smaller sizes and built-in wireless features, less
time consuming. PLC’s are getting benefits from USB technology and thus make it easier than other
methods and monitor your control systems. PLC programming will evolve, and with the availability
of smaller micro and mini USB connectors, you can expect to see this option on more of the smaller
PLC’s. In the future, PLC will continuously evolve because of adapting technology increases in
communications, hardware, and software. [6]

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280

VIVA Institute of Technology

9th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)

3.2.4 SCADA system

SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. SCADA is a system that collects data
from various sensors at a industry or in other remote locations and then sends this data to a central
computer which then manages and controls the data. SCADA is a term that is used broadly to
properly control and management solutions in a wide range of industries in worldwide.

One of the special feature of SCADA is the ability to monitor an entire system in real time. The main
purposes for the use of a SCADA system would be to collect the data from remote sites and even the
local site, displaying them on the monitor screen in the control room, storing the appropriate data to
the hard drive of the master computer and allowing the control of field devices (remote or local) from
the control room.[7]

SCADA systems are equipped to make instant corrections in the operational system, so that they can
increase the life-period of component and save on the need for costly repairs and saves time. It also
translates into saved man-hours and enabled to focus on tasks that require human involvement.

3.2.5 Different types of protection

 There are various other methods for the control of IM, like Advance vector control , Direct torque
control, Sensor less direct torque control. The monitoring system can be connected to the web,
making the system control from any place or from control room. The system would be more
adaptive so that it can be configured for different type of application such as servo motors,
stepper motors etc.[8]
 In next some years GSM service are often added during this system to understand consumer,
when fault occurred.
 The fault is automatically detected but by extending this we will automatically clear the fault in
future and in minimum time.
 By using his type of PLC based system the cost effective automation system for residence scan be
developed in future and it is very user friendly for the operator.
 Similar kind of work can be done with the help of SCADA, DCS etc. Other types of faults can
also be considered such power factor problems ground faults etc.[9]

REFERENCE
[1] Ambili Pradeep, Elizabeth Thomas, Kavya Mohan, “Protection of Induction Motor From Abnormal Conditions using PLC”,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 4, April 2017.

[2] Arti K. Rode, Mahesh S. Pathe, “Fault Detection and Protection of Induction Motor by using PLC”, International Journal of Research
in Engineering, Science and Management Volume-3, Issue-7, June-2019

[3] Dileep Kumar1, Abdul Basit1, Aisha Saleem, "PLC Based Monitoring & Protection of 3-Phase Induction Motors against Various
Abnormal Conditions ",International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies, July-2019, pp. 294-298.

[4] Colak, “Protecting of Induction Motor using PLC ”, 12, April 2007

[5] Bhagyashree S. Bhosale, Mohit V. Burad, “Protection and automated of AC motor by using PLC”, International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology, volume -05, Issue 4, pp. 3672-3675,April 2018.

[6] M. Peltola, “Slip of induction motors and how to minimize it”, ABB Drives Technical Paper, ABB, New Berlin, 2015, pp.1–5.
[7] G. S. Yadava, and B. Singh, “A survey of stator fault analysis techniques for AC motors ”, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. - 20,
no.2, pp.106–111, Mar.2010.

[8] W. Bin,“A survey on AC motors online fault identification”, in 3rd Int. Power Electron. Motion Control Conf, vol. 3, pp.1353–1358,
May. 2018

[9] Nordin Saad, Rosdiazli Ibrahim, “Development of intelligent condition monitoring system for AC induction motors using PLC”,IEEE
Business Engineering and Industrial Applications Colloquium (BEIAC), vol no 5,pp 1466-1472, Feb.2018.
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