This chart gives information about how much money was earned by three London bakeries over a 10-

year period from 2000 to 2010. In general, it can be seen that the trend for the annual income of
Robbie's Bakery and Bernie's Buns was upward while there was a downward trend in the yearly earnings
of Lovely Loaves.

To begin with, the yearly income of Robbie's Bakery remained stable at around 55,000 pounds from
2000 to 2005. Subsequently, it increased dramatically to just above 100,000 pounds by the end of the
graph. Its income overtook that of Lovely Loaves between 2005 and 2006 and became the highest
income from 2006 to 2010. As for Bernie's Buns, its income began at a much lower figure of 20,000
pounds, but increased drastically to over 60,000 pounds by 2010. This figure was more than three times
its original one. The income of Lovely Loaves was the highest in 2000 at around 82,000 pounds. It
fluctuated in the first four years and then plunged to half its original figure in 2010. This meant that it
had the lowest income of all three bakeries.
The chart gives figures for the sales of eight different items in two London bakeries on a typical Saturday
in 2010. Overall, it can be seen that doughnuts were the most popular item in both bakeries. For
Bernie's Buns, nearly 140 donuts were sold every Saturday. This figure was about 7 times more than the
number of salads sold (19). The second and third bestselling item was cookies and cakes, at around 118
and 102 items sold respectively. Rolls and crisps both sold equally well at above 70 items sold. Lovely
Loaves sold nearly 20 fewer doughnuts than Bernie's Buns at around 120. Its lowest selling item was
toasted sandwiches (22). While Bernie's Buns sold more of most of the items as compared to Lovely
Loaves, Lovely Loaves sold slightly more fresh loaves (50 vs. 40). Furthermore, Lovely Loaves sold more
than three times the number of salads as compared to Bernie's Buns, at around 62 and 18 respectively.

The two maps illustrate the main changes which took place in Tumbledown between 1995 and 2010. In
general, it can be seen that city of Tumbledown became bigger, with more buildings than before. To the
north of the river, the park made way for a science park and museum, which was slightly bigger in size.
The school, which was to the east of the park in 1995, was demolished and a hotel and a spa were built
in its place. Finally, some shops were constructed to the south of the hotel and spa. To the south of the
river, there was the replacement of the farmhouse and farmland with a science academy and science
laboratories. The city of Tumbledown expanded to about one a half times its size. While there was a
hospital to the northeast of the city, it no longer existed in 2010. To the east of Tumbledown, the large
wood area was cut down to about 20% of its original size. The top area was replaced by a hi-tech centre
by 2010.
Task 2 – Essay Type 1 – Advantages and Disadvantages (Expository Version) In some countries young
people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university
studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.

In various nations around the world, many people advocate taking a gap year in order to work or travel
before beginning one’s tertiary education. While this offers a few advantages, there are also some
disadvantages which are worth considering. There are two main benefits to students travelling or
working before their university education. Firstly, through travelling, they will be able to expand their
horizons. When students go overseas, they will be exposed to different cultures and customs. As a
result, they will gain a deeper understanding of the world. In addition, students who work will learn to
appreciate the value of money. This is because they will realize the hard work involved in earning
money. Consequently, they would think more before purchasing anything they desire and may become
less impulsive in their spending. On the other hand, various drawbacks may be noted. In the first place,
travelling could cause people to feel homesick. Many students have not been apart from their family
and friends before so when they travel, they may miss these people. In extreme circumstances, students
may even become depressed. Additionally, students who work may not want to return to their studies.
The reason for this is that they may enjoy earning money and becoming financially independent.
Therefore, their whole future could be negatively affected as these days it is very important for
everyone to graduate with a degree in order to be competitive in the job market. In conclusion, if
students take a gap year, they could gain invaluable experience and learn to become more independent
in relation to money. However, they may also become homesick and end up not continuing their
studies. Therefore, it is necessary to weigh the benefits against the drawbacks carefully before coming
to a decision as to whether students should go on such an adventure.

Task 2 – Essay Type 2 – Causes/Problems and Solutions In some countries the average weight of people
is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing. What do you think are the causes of
these problems and what measures could be taken to solve them?

In many nations around the world, declining health and a lack of fitness are becoming very common
among people. There are a number of causes of this, but certain measures could be taken to alleviate
this problem. There are several causes of this situation. The main one is that technological
advancements have resulted in a sedentary lifestyle. Because of the prevalent use of computers and
vehicles, it is no longer necessary to move around much. This leads to people becoming overweight,
which also adversely affects their health and fitness. In addition, people are consuming more unhealthy
processed food nowadays. For example, fast food, junk food and processed canned food have become
extremely popular due to people’s chronic busyness. Such food results in a lot of health problems if it is
consumed in large quantities. Various possible courses of action could be taken in order to tackle the
above. In the first place, the government could launch a nationwide campaign to raise awareness about
the importance of eating healthily and exercising. For instance, advertisements by the ministry of health
about the dangers of eating junk food and not exercising should be regularly shown on television and
the internet. Another way forward could be for schools to prohibit unhealthy food from being sold in
schools. If schools start to ban too much fried food or food that is high in sugar and salt, students will be
forced to eat a more balanced and healthy diet at school. The result is that health would improve
dramatically. In conclusion, various factors have led to problems related to health and fitness, but this
situation could be addressed by the launch of a health and fitness campaign and the implementation of
effective regulations to limit the sale of unhealthy food in schools. Given this situation, it is
recommended that steps should be taken immediately in order to ensure that the health and fitness of
the people in the country improves.

Task 2 – Essay Type 3 – Mixed Today more people are travelling than ever before. Why is this the case?
What are the benefits of travelling for the traveller?

It is undeniable that travelling has become much more popular as compared to the past. There are
several reasons why this is happening and this situation offers various benefits. More people are taking
overseas trips for the following reasons. One of the reasons is to get a better education. These days,
many students in the developing countries study in developed countries because many of the schools
and universities there are of a higher quality. For example, most of the top ranked universities in the
world are located in countries like America and the United Kingdom. In addition, people may need to go
on business trips overseas. Because we live in a globalized world, a person working for a multinational
company may often need to travel to another office overseas for work. Also, businessman and
entrepreneurs often travel to neighbouring countries in order to expand their business. People who
travel can experience many benefits. In the first place, they can gain invaluable experience through their
time abroad. An example of this is that a person would encounter different cultures and customs when
visiting and living in another country, which could make him or her more open-minded. Furthermore,
people can also make new friends from different countries. The result of such friendship could be the
creation of business opportunities or just the sharing of one’s different experiences. Consequently, the
lives of both parties would be enriched. In conclusion, people go overseas nowadays in order to receive
a better education or to do business. Through going overseas, these people can broaden their horizons
and widen their social circle. Given the above, it is recommended that everyone should consider taking a
trip overseas at least once in their life.

Task 2 – Essay Type 4 – Opinion Some people argue that capital punishment is good for a country. To
what extent do you agree or disagree? It is argued by some that the death penalty benefits a nation.

I completely agree with this opinion and in this essay I will state the reasons for my view. The most
compelling reason for holding to my view is that the death penalty is an effective deterrent to serious
crime. This is because it instils fear of carrying out serious crimes as people would not want to lose their
life as a result of that. For example, people who are thinking of murder or committing violent acts will
think twice before doing so. As a result of this policy, crime rate would go down. Another reason for my
position is that the government will be able to spend less money on keeping the criminal in prison. If the
criminal is jailed for many years or for life, the government would need to pay for the enormous
expenses involved such as the cost of food for the prisoners and the salaries for the prison officers.
However, with the death sentence, the prisoner will spend less time in prison and this would reduce the
cost of imprisonment substantially. Lastly, with capital punishment, the dangerous criminal would never
be able to reoffend. The reason for this is that executed criminals will no longer be alive and therefore
they will never pose a threat to society ever again. This would make society a safer place. In conclusion, I
totally agree with the opinion that sentencing serious criminals to death is beneficial for countries. This
is because of its deterrent effect, its ability to save the government a lot of money and the fact that we
can keep dangerous criminals out of society forever. Given this situation, it is recommended that
governments around the world should think about implementing this form of punishment. Jonathan’s
IELTS materials from http://www.IELTSUniversity.com / Call Jonathan at +65 9768 1054 Task 2 – Essay
Type 5 – Discussion Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged.
Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful
adults. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. While some people argue that we should
emphasize the importance of competition when teaching children, others take the view that focusing on
cooperation is more important. In my opinion, it is better for children to be taught to cooperate. On one
side of the argument, there are people who hold the opinion that encouraging competitiveness in
children will yield better results. The most compelling reason for believing this is that competitiveness
prepares them for life in the real world. When students grow up, they will need to compete with other
students for a place in university. Furthermore, there’s no doubt that in the job market, people will be
competing with many others to get a good job. Another reason is that this encourages them to excel in
everything they do. When there’s competition, everyone is challenged to do their best. For example, if
there’s a prize for the student with the highest marks in a particular subject, every student will be
motivated to do his or her best. This encourages growth and the pursuit of excellence. Despite the
above arguments, I am of the view that instilling a sense of cooperation in children will prove more
beneficial. Indeed, one reason why I take this position is that in many instances, winning is not
everything. A society focused solely on winning and competing ignores other important traits like
compassion and generosity. Such traits are important for a proper functioning of society. Furthermore, it
is my opinion that achieving one’s goal often requires the ability to cooperate, rather than compete,
with others. In society and work, cooperation and teamwork is often required. For instance, a company
will only achieve its overall goal if all parts work together and complement each other. In conclusion,
while both views are commonly held in society, I believe that cooperation is a more important value.
This is because children need to understand that winning against another is not the most important
thing and that cooperation often enables them to achieve their goals. Given this situation, it is
recommended that schools should put more effort into promoting teamwork activities. Jonathan’s IELTS
materials from http://www.IELTSUniversity.com / Call Jonathan at +65 9768 1054 Task 2 – Essay Type 6
– Advantages and Disadvantages (Opinion Version) In some countries young people are encouraged to
work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Do the
advantages outweigh the disadvantages for young people who decide to do this? In various nations
around the world, many people advocate taking a gap year in order to work or travel before beginning
one’s tertiary education. While there is clearly a drawback to this, I personally believe that the benefits
are more significant. The disadvantage of going on a gap year is that students may end up not returning
to their studies. The reason for this is that they may enjoy earning money and becoming financially
independent. Therefore, their whole future could be negatively affected as these days it is very
important for everyone to graduate with a degree in order to be competitive in the job market. On the
other hand, one of the major advantages is that students will be able to expand their horizons if they
travel overseas. When students go abroad, they will be exposed to different cultures and customs. For
example, westerners visiting a country like Thailand will be able to experience traditional Thai dance like
Khon and traditional Thai sport like Muay Thai. As a result, they will gain a deeper understanding of the
different places in the world. In addition to that, students who work will be able to learn to appreciate
the value of money. This is because they will realize the hard work involved in earning an income.
Consequently, they would think more before purchasing anything they desire and may become less
impulsive in their spending. In conclusion, the advantages are of greater significance than the
disadvantage. Despite the fact that students may not continue on studying at university, they will gain a
lot of experience when they travel or learn to better appreciate money when they work. Given this
situation, it is recommended that schools should encourage more students to consider taking a gap
year. Jonathan’s IELTS materials from http://www.IELTSUniversity.com / Call Jonathan at +65 9768 1054
Task 2 – Essay Type 7 – Two Part Expository and Opinion Nowadays the way many people interact with
each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of
relationships people make? Has this become a positive or negative development? These days, the
relationship people have with each other has been affected by advancements in technology. There are
several ways in which our relationships have been affected and I believe that this has been negative.
Relationships have changed in the following ways. One of the major ways is that nowadays people have
more acquaintances and fewer close friends. For example, many people may have hundreds and
thousands of friends on social media websites like Facebook as it is easy to connect through these
websites. However, most of these people are not really close friends at all. In addition, technology has
led to less face-to-face interaction between people. Because using social media sites has become an
integral part of the lives of many people these days and connecting with others has become so much
easier as a result of such sites, most people spend more time online chatting with their friends than
actually meeting them face-to-face. I believe that the above changes have been negative for the
following reasons. In the first place, people now feel lonelier as they spend more time with the
computer rather than with other human beings. Studies have shown that people need real face-to-face
interaction if they want to remain emotionally healthy. Therefore, the lack of such communication has
made many people become lonely and even depressed. Furthermore, many people who use technology
to communicate with others are gradually losing important social skills. It is very common for people
nowadays to know how to communicate and express themselves using emoticons or other forms of
expression that are common online. However, an unfortunate consequence of all this is that people do
not know how to express themselves properly using their body language or tone of expression. In
conclusion, because of technology, people have fewer close friends and have less direct contact with
people. This development is negative as it is easier for people to feel lonely because of this and they are
becoming less adept in social situations. Given this situation, it is recommended that people should seek
to spend less time on electronic devices in order to improve their relationships with others.
1. important = crucial (extremely important), significant(amount or
effects large enough to be important)
2. common = universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems
to be every where)
3. abundant = ample (enough and usually extra), plentiful (enough for
people’s needs and wants)
4. stick = adhere, cling (hold on something tightly)
5. neglect = ignore. (difference: neglect means someone has not paid
enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)
6. near = adjacent (two things next to each other), adjoin(the same as
adjacent)
7. pursue = woo (man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek (if you seek
sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)
8. accurate = precise (precise is exact and accurate in all details),
exact (correct in every detail)
9. vague = obscure (unknown or known by only a few people)
10. top = peak, summit
11. competitor = rival, opponent (especially in sports and politics)
12. blame = condemn (if you condemn something, you say it is very
bad and unacceptable)
13. opinion = perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or
situation in a particular way)
14. fame = prestige (describe those who are admired), reputation
15. build = erect (you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL),
establish
16. insult = humiliate (do something or say something which makes
people feel ashamed or stupid)
17. complain = grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered
way)
18. primary = radical (very important and great in degree),
fundamental
19. relieve = alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings
less intense or severe)
20. force = coerce into (coerce means you make someone do
something she/he does not want to), compel
21. enlarge = magnify (magnify means make something larger than
it really is)
22. complex = intricate (if something is intricate, it often has many
small parts and details)
23. Lonely = solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near
him/her)
24. small = minuscule (very small), minute,
25. praise = extol (stronger than praise), compliment(polite and
political)
26. hard-working = assiduous (someone who is assiduous works
hard or does things very thoroughly)
27. difficult = arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and
tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)
28. poor (soil) = barren, infertile (used to describe the soil is so poor
that plants cannot be planted on it)
29. fragile = brittle, vulnerable (someone who is vulnerable is easily
hurt emotionally or physically)
30. show = demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means to make it
clear to people.)
31. big = massive (large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal (use
this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous
(informal)
32. avoid = shun (if someone shuns something, she/he deliberately
avoid that something or keep away from it.)
33. fair = impartial (someone who is impartial is able to give a fair
opinion or decision on something.)
34. attack = assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack
violently)
35. dislike = abhor (abhor means you hate something to a extreme
extent for moral reasons), loathe (dislike very much)
36. ruin = devastate (it means damage something very badly, or
utterly destroy it.)
37. always = invariably (the same as always, but better than
always)
38. forever = perpetual (a perpetual state never changes),
immutable (something immutable will never change or be changed)
39. surprise = startle (it means surprise you slightly), astound
(surprise you to a large degree), astonish(the same as astound)
40. enthusiasm = zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and
enthusiasm)
41. quiet = tranquil (calm and peaceful), serene (calm and quiet)
42. expensive = exorbitant (it means too expensive that it should
be)
43. luxurious = lavish (impressive and very expensive), sumptuous
(grand and very expensive)
44. boring = tedious (if you describe something tedious, you mean it
is boring and frustrating)
45. respect = esteem (if you esteem someone, you respect and
admire him/her. FORMAL)
46. worry = fret (if you fret about something, you worry about it)
47. cold = chilly (unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)
48. hot = boiling (very hot)
49. dangerous = perilous (very dangerous, hazardous) (dangerous,
especially to people’s safety and health)
50. only = unique (the only one of its kind), distinctive;
51. stop = cease (if something ceases, it stops happening or
existing)
52. part = component (the components of something are the parts
that it is made of)
53. result = consequence (the results or effects of something)
54. obvious = apparent, manifest
55. based on = derived from (can see or notice them very easily)
56. quite = fairly
57. pathetic = lamentable (very uncomfortable and disappointing)
58. field = domain (a particular field of thought, activities or
interest)
59. appear = emerge (come into existence)
60. whole = entire (the whole of something)
61. wet = moist (slightly wet), damp (slightly wet), humid (very
damp and hot)
62. wrong = erroneous (incorrect or partly correct)
63. difficult = formidable
64. change = convert (change into another form)
65. typical = quintessential (this word means represent a typical
example of something)
66. careful = cautious (very careful in order to avoid danger),
prudent(careful and sensible)
67. ability = capacity, capability (the same as ability)
68. strange = eccentric (if some one is eccentric, she/he behaves in
a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)
69. rich= affluent (if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)
70. use = utilize (the same as use)
71. dubious = skeptical (if you are skeptical about something, you
have doubts on it.)
72. satisfy = gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you
pleasure and satisfaction)
73. short = fleeting, ephemeral (if something is ephemeral, it lasts a
short time)
74. Scholarship = fellowship
75. smelly = malodorous (used to describe an unpleasant smell)
76. ugly = hideous (if something is hideous, it is very ugly or
unattractive)
77. attractive = appealing (pleasing and attractive), absorbing
(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)
78. diverse = miscellaneous (a miscellaneous groups consists of
many different kinds of things)
79. disorder = disarray, chaos
80. crazily = frantically (used to describe someone who behaves in a
wild and uncontrolled way)
81. rapid = meteoric (ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe
someone achieves success quickly)
82. ordinary = mundane (very ordinary and not at interesting or
unusual)
83. despite = notwithstanding (FORMAL)
84. best = optimal (used to describe the best level something can
achieve)
85. sharp = acute (severe and intense)
86. unbelievable = inconceivable (if you deem something
inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen )
87. puzzle = perplex (something perplex someone means it confuses
and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)
88. method = avenue (a way of getting something done)
89. famous = distinguished (used to describe people who are
successful in their career)
90. ancient = archaic (extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)
91. decorate = embellish (embellish means make something look
more attractive via decorating it with something else)
92. possible = feasible (if something is feasible, it can be done,
made or achieved)
93. so = consequently, accordingly
94. rare = infrequent (doesn’t happen often)
95. greedy = rapacious (greedy and selfish)
96. individuals,characters, folks = people,persons
97. nowadays = currently
98. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill = be less impressive
99. reap huge fruits = get many benefits
100. for my part, from my own perspective = in my opinion