Chapter 9

4 Bode Plots

Multiple Choice Questions for Online Exam

Q. 1 A unit commonly used to for the magnitude is ______ .

(a) current (b) decibel
(c) frequency (d) voltage Ans. : (b)

Q. 2 A log scale is used for the frequency for ______ .

(a) no specific reason
(b) magnitude compression
(c) accommodating a large range of frequencies
(d) making the system stable Ans. : (c)
Explanation : A normal scale fails to give us a proper representation for large range of
frequencies. Instead of taking a normal scale, if we take the log of the input frequencies, we
would be able to accommodate many more frequencies.

Q. 3 An octave is a frequency band from f1 to f2, where ______ .

(a) = 2 (b) = 8 (c) = 10 (d) = 4 Ans. : (a)
Explanation : An octave is a frequency band from f1 to f2, where f2 / f1 = 2. Thus, the
frequency band from 1 to 2 Hz is l octave in width and the frequency band from 17.4 to 34.8
Hz is also 1 octave in width.

Q. 4 A decade is a frequency band from f1 to f2, where ______ .

(a) = 2 (b) = 8 (c) = 10 (d) =4 Ans. : (c)
Explanation : A decade is a frequency band from f 1 to f2 where f2 / f1 = 10. Hence the
frequency band from 1 to 10 Hz or from 2.5 to 25 Hz is 1 decade in width.

Q. 5 How is a constant k represented on the magnitude plot ?

(a) log dB (b) log k (c) k (d) 20 log k dB Ans. : (d)
Explanation : k is the constant number independent of frequency. For example + 5, – 3,
20.33... etc.
Consider
GH(s) = k
 Control Systems (PU) M9-2 Bode Plots

Replace ‘s’ by ‘j’ to convert it to frequency domain

 GH(j) = k
For the magnitude in dB we use the standard formula 20 log10 |GH(j)|
 20 log GH(j) = 20 log | k | dB

Q. 6 What is the contribution of a constant k (k is positive) on the phase plot ?

(a) 180° (b) 45° (c) 0 (d) 90 Ans. : (c)
Explanation : Since k is a constant, it can be written as,
GH(j) = k + j0
For finding phase angle in degrees we use the equation
 = = tan– 1 = 0
i.e., for a positive value of k, the phase is zero.

Q. 7 How is a pole at origin represented on the magnitude plot ?

(a) (b) + 20 log () (c) log () (d) – 20 log () Ans. : (d)
Explanation :
Consider, GH(s) =
We replace s by j to move to the frequency domain
 GH(j) = = (j)– 1
Since the magnitude is plotted in decibels, we have
20 log | GH(j) | = 20 log | (j) |– 1 = – 20 log () dB

Q. 8 What is the contribution of a pole at origin on the phase plot ?

(a) 90° (b) 45° (c) 0° (d) − 90° Ans. : (d)
Explanation :
Consider G(s)H(s) =
Replacing s by j, we get
 GH(j) =
arg GH(j) =  =  =
arg GH(j) = = = – 90°

Q. 9 Assuming a system has 3 poles at the origin, what would be their phase contribution ? What
is the contribution of a pole at origin on the phase plot ?
(a) −180° (b) − 270° (c) 0° (d) − 90° Ans. : (b)
Explanation :
Consider GH(s) =
Replacing s by j, we get
 GH(j) =
For k = 1 arg GH(j) =  =  =
 Control Systems (PU) M9-3 Bode Plots

= = = – 90
For k = 2 arg GH(j) =  = – 180°
For k = 3 arg GH(j) =  = – 270°
Q. 10 What would be the initial slope of the bode plot if the system has 2 poles at the origin ?
(a) – 20 dB/dec (b) 40 dB/dec (c) 20 dB/dec (d) – 40 dB/dec Ans. : (d)
Explanation :
Consider, GH(s) =
We replace s by j to move to the frequency domain
 GH(j) = = (j)– k
Since the magnitude is plotted in decibels, we have
20 log | GH(j) | = 20 log | (j) |– k = – 20k log () dB
This magnitude is determined by k. As k is fixed, the magnitude is a function of
log (j).
 Control Systems (PU) M9-4 Bode Plots

The quantity plotted on X-axis is log (j) and the Y-axis in this case is,
Y = – 20 k log ()
 Y = – 20 k log () = – 20 k X
Here X = log ().
This corresponds to a line Y = mX where the slope is – 20k. This is a straight line passing
through the point  = 1 rad/sec and Y = 0 dB.
This is because
at  = 1 rad/sec
Y = – 20 k log () = – 20 log k log (1) = 0 dB
(1) If k = 1, the straight line passes through (0 dB,  = 1),
at slope = – 20 dB/ dec
(2) If k = 2, the straight line passes through (0 dB,  = 1)
at slope = – 40 dB/dec and so on.

Fig. Q. 10

Q. 11 What would be the initial slope of the bode plot if the system has zero at the origin ?
(a) – 20 dB/dec (b) 40 dB/dec (c) 20 dB/dec (d) – 40 dB/dec Ans. : (c)
Explanation :
Consider GH (s) = s
Replacing s by j, we get GH (j) = (j)
Computing the magnitude in decibel gives us 20 log | GH (j) | = 20 log ()
This is a plot of slope of + 20 dB/dec.
 Control Systems (PU) M9-5 Bode Plots

Fig. Q. 11

Q. 12 Assuming a system to have a simple pole at s = – p 1 , what would be the error approximation
on the magnitude plot at  = p1 ?
(a) 3.01 dB (b) – 3.01 dB (c) – 6.12 dB (d) 6.12 dB Ans. : (b)
Explanation : Magnitude of a simple pole is represented as shown below. This formula is for
values of  > p1
Y = – 20 log
At  = p1, the above equation reduces to,
Y = – 20 log dB
Y = – 20 log dB = – 3.01 dB

Q. 13 The phase contribution due to a simple pole at p1 is ______ .

(a) – tan– 1 (b) tan (c) tan (p1) (d) + tan– 1 Ans. : (a)
Explanation :
Consider, GH(j) = =
 GH(j) = =
  GH(j) = – tan– 1

Q. 14 What happens to the phase of a simple pole as  tends to infinity ?

(a) 0° (b) 90° (c)  (d) – 90° Ans. : (d)
Explanation :
Consider, GH(j) = =
 GH(j) = =
 Control Systems (PU) M9-6 Bode Plots

  GH(j) = – tan– 1
As  becomes larger the phase angle value approaches – 90 since
– tan () = – 90°

Q. 15 What happens to the phase of a simple pole as  tends to infinity ?

(a) 0° (b) 90° (c)  (d) – 90° Ans. : (b)
Explanation :
Consider, GH(j) = 1 + j
 GH(j) = tan– 1
As  becomes larger the phase angle value approaches 90 since tan () = – 90°

Q. 16 What is the contribution of a zero at origin on the phase plot ?

(a) 90° (b) 45° (c) 0° (d) − 90° Ans. : (a)
Explanation :
Consider G(s)H(s) = s
Replacing s by j, we get
 GH(j) = j,
arg GH(j) =  j,
=  0 + j = tan– 1
arg GH(j) = tan– 1 () = 90

Q. 17 For a first zero which of the following statement is false.

(a) For all   z1 we obtain a straight line of zero dB.
(b) For all  > z1, the slope of line is + 20 dB/dec.
(c) The curve changes slope at  = z1.
(d) For all  < z1, the slope of line is + 20 dB/dec. Ans. : (d)
Explanation : The first order zero is represented on the magnitude plot as shown in Fig. Q.
17.
 Control Systems (PU) M9-7 Bode Plots

Fig. Q. 17

Q. 18 For a second order pole, the error approximation in the magnitude plot needs to incorporated
at ______ .
(a)  > n (b)  < n
(c)  = n (d)  = d Ans. : (c)
Explanation : The magnitude is represented as
Magnitude = | GH(j) | =
As GH (j) is a second order pole, approximate bode magnitude plot is shown.
(1) 0 dB line for  < n (2) – 40 line for  > n
The error at n is
| GH (j) | =

Q. 19 For a second order pole, the error approximation in the magnitude is equal to ______ .
(a) log dB (b) – 20 log dB
(c) – 20 log  dB (d) – 20 log dB Ans. : (b)
Explanation :
Magnitude = | GH(j) | =
As GH (j) is a second order pole, approximate bode magnitude plot is shown.
(1) 0 dB line for  < n (2) – 40 line for  > n
Error in approximation :
In this case, we do not ignore the error at  = n. The error at n is
| GH (j) | =
| GH(j) | =
In decibel we have – 20 log dB.

Q. 20 For a second order pole what is the phase angle if  = 0.1, n = 2 and  = 1 ?
(a) – 27.32 (b) – 7.59 (c) – 17.9 (d) – 12.59 Ans. : (b)
Explanation :
Phase = – tan– 1
= – tan– 1
= – tan–1
Phase = – 7.59

Q. 21 For a second order pole what is the phase angle if  = 0.1, n = 2 and  = 3 ?
(a) 14.03 (b) – 14.03 (c) 165.96 (d) – 12.59 Ans. : (c)
 Control Systems (PU) M9-8 Bode Plots

Explanation : For a second order pole

Phase = – tan– 1
Phase = – tan– 1
The real part now is negative. This can be shown
graphically. The point is in the second quadrant. Fig. Q. 21
 tan will give us angle B. But this is not the phase. The correct phase is angle C.
–1

 When the real part is negative (2nd Quadrant), simply taking the tan inverse does not give
us the correct answer. The correct phase is
Angle C = 180 – tan– 1
Angle C = 180– 14.034 = 165.96

Q. 22 For a second order pole, what would be the error approximation in dB if the damping factor is
0.1 ?
(a) + 1.93 (b) + 13.97 (c) + 4.43 (d) – 2.92 Ans. : (b)
Explanation :
Error in approximation :
In this case, we do not ignore the error at  = n. The error at n is
| GH (j) | =
| GH(j) | =
In decibel we have – 20 log dB. Since  = 0.1, we get error as 13.97 dB.

Q. 23 Frequency at which the phase of the system becomes – 180 is called ______ .
(a) phase margin (b) phase lag frequency
(c) phase crossover frequency (d) phase lead frequencyAns. : (c)
Explanation : Phase crossover frequency pc is the frequency at which the phase is – 180.
 Control Systems (PU) M9-9 Bode Plots

Q. 24 Frequency at which the magnitude of the system becomes 0 dB is called ______ .

(a) gain margin (b) gain

(c) gain crossover frequency (d) open loop gain Ans. : (c)

Explanation : Gain crossover frequency gc is the frequency at which the magnitude is 0 (20
log 1 = 0) dB.

Q. 25 The _________ of a system is that range of frequencies (of the input) over which the system
responds satisfactorily.

(a) gain margin (b) gain

(c) phase margin (d) bandwidth Ans. : (d)

Explanation : Bandwidth of a system is defined as that range of frequencies over which the
magnitude ratio does not differ by more than – 3 dB from its value at the specified frequency.

Q. 26 For a stable system, which of the following statement is true ?

(a) gc  pc (b) gc > pc
(c) gc = pc (d) None of the above Ans. : (d)
Explanation :

Fig. Q. 26
 Control Systems (PU) M9-10 Bode Plots

Q. 27 When the gain crossover frequency is equal to the phase crossover frequency, the system is
______.
(a) stable (b) marginally stable
(c) unstable (d) stability not related to these two termsAns. : (b)

Fig. Q. 27

Q. 28 When gain margin is + , the system is ______ .

(a) stable (b) marginally stable
(c) unstable
(d) stability not related to these two terms Ans. : (a)

Q. 29 For the given system, G (s) = , what would be the value of constant in dB ?
(a) 6.5 dB (b) 2 dB (c) 160 dB (d) 12 dB Ans. : (d)
Explanation : We convert the given transfer function in the standard time constant form
G (s) =
G (s) =
G (s) =
We convert this to the frequency domain by replacing s by j :
 G (j) =
The given transfer function has a constant term = 4
Constant k = 4
 20 log 4 = 12 dB

Q. 30 For the given system, G (s) = , what will be the initial slope of the line at  = 0.1 rad/sec ?
(a) 0 dB /dec (b) – 20 dB/dec
(c) 20 dB /dec (d) – 40 dB/dec Ans. : (a)
Explanation :
Since there is no pole at the origin, the initial slope is 0 dB/dec.
 Control Systems (PU) M9-11 Bode Plots

Q. 31 For the given bode plot, what are the corner frequencies ?

Fig. Q. 31
(a) c1 = 0.2 rad/sec and c2 = 2 rad/sec
(b) c1 = 2 rad/sec and c2 = 20 rad/sec
(c) c1 = 1.2 rad/sec and c2 = 10.2 rad/sec
(d) c1 = 1.2 rad/sec and c2 = 20 rad/sec Ans. : (b)

Explanation :
Since there is a slope change at 2 rad/sec and 20 rad/sec the corner frequencies are c1 = 2
rad/sec and c2 = 20 rad/sec.
 Control Systems (PU) M9-12 Bode Plots

Q. 32 What is the type of the system represented by the bode plot shown in Fig. Q. 32 ?

Fig. Q. 32

(a) Type 0 (b) Type 1

(c) Type 2 (d) Type 3 Ans. : (a)

Explanation : Since the initial slope of the bode plot is 0, it implies that the system has no
pole at the origin. Hence it is a Type 0 system.

Q. 33 For the given system, what would be the phase of the system as  →  ?
G (s) H (s) =

(a) 270 (b) − 270 (c) −180 (d) − 90 Ans. : (b)

Explanation : The phase equation for the given system is

Resultant () = – 90 + (– tan– 1 ) +

As  → , (– tan– 1 ) → − 90 and → − 90

Hence

Resultant () = – 90 – 90 – 90 = – 270

 Control Systems (PU) M9-13 Bode Plots

Q. 34 From the bode plot, identify what is the constant of the system ?

Fig. Q. 34

(a) k = 100 (b) k = 20 (c) k = 10 (d) k = 12.7 Ans. : (c)

Explanation : The bode plot starts with a straight line of 20 dB. This is due to the constant
term k.

 20 log k = 20 dB

 k = 10

Q. 35 For the given system, , what is the slope of the magnitude plot at 250 rad/sec ?

(a) – 20 dB/dec (b) – 40 dB/dec

(c) 60 dB/dec (d) – 60 dB/dec Ans. : (d)

 Control Systems (PU) M9-14 Bode Plots

Explanation : The resultant magnitude slopes are shown in the Table Q. 35.
Table Q. 35

Sr. Factor Magnitude curve Resultant slope Start End

No. point Point
1. Straight line of slope – 60 dB/dec 0.1 5
– 20 dB/dec passing through
 (1, 0 dB)
2 Line slopes are – 60 dB/dec + (+ 20 dB/dec) 5 40
1. 0 dB/dec for   5 = – 40 dB/dec
2. 20 dB/dec for  > 5
3. Line slopes are – 40 dB/dec + (+ 20 dB/dec) 40 100
1. 0 dB/dec for   40 = – 20 dB/dec
2. 20 dB/dec for  > 40
4. Line slopes are – 20 dB/dec + (– 20 dB/dec) 100 200
1. 0 dB/dec for   100 = – 40 dB/dec
2. – 20 dB/dec for  > 100
5. Line slopes are – 40 dB/dec + (– 20 dB/dec) 200 
1. 0 dB/dec for   200 = – 60 dB/dec
2. – 20 dB/dec for  > 200

Q. 36 For the given system, G(s)H(s) = , what is the value of the constant in dB ?
(a) 35.5 dB (b) 100 dB (c) 20 dB (d) 60 dB Ans. : (a)
Explanation : We bring equation in the standard form :
G (s) H (s) = =
Replacing s = j :
G (j) H (j) =
Hence the value of k = 60. In decibel, the value is 20 log 60 = 35.5 dB

Q. 37 For the given system, G(s)H(s) = , what is the slope of the magnitude plot between 3 rad/sec
and 5 rad/sec ?
(a) – 40 dB/dec (b) – 20 dB/dec (c) 20 dB/dec (d) – 60 dB/dec Ans. : (b)
 Control Systems (PU) M9-15 Bode Plots

Explanation : The slopes of the magnitude plot are shown in the Table Q. 37.
Table Q. 37

Sr. No. Factors Resultant slope Start point () End point ()
1. k Straight line at 35.5 dB 0.1 
2. – 20 dB/dec 0.1 1
3. – 20 + (– 20) = – 40 dB/dec 1 3
4. 1+ – 40 + 20 = – 20 dB/dec 3 5
5. – 20 + (– 20) = – 40 dB/dec 5 

Q. 38 For the given system, G (s) H (s) = , what will be the magnitude in decibel at  = 0.1
rad/sec ?
(a) 55.5 dB (b) 45 dB (c) 100 dB (d) 35.5 dB Ans. : (a)
Explanation : We bring equation in the standard form :
G (s) H (s) = =
Replacing s = j :
G (j) H (j) =
Hence the value of k = 60. In decibel, the value of the constant is
20 log 60 = 35.5 dB. Since the given system has a pole at origin, the initial magnitude at  =
0.1 rad/sec is 20 dB. To this value we add the contribution of the constant = 20 log 60 = 35.5
dB. Hence the initial magnitude at  = 0.1 rad/sec is 20 dB + 35.5 dB = 55.5 dB.
Q. 39 What is the value of the phase at  = 10 rad/sec, for the unity feedback system given G (s)
=?
(a) – 120.6 (b) – 180 (c) – 150.26 (d) –179.99 Ans. : (c)
Explanation : We bring equation in standard form :
G(s)H(s) =
G(s)H(s) =
Convert to frequency domain by replacing s = j :
 G (j) H (j) =
The phase equation is :
Resultant () = – 90 – tan– 1 – tan – 1 + tan– 1
Resultant (10) = – 90 – 78.69 – 45 + 63.43 = – 150.26

Q. 40 The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is shown :

G(s) = .What is the initial slope of the magnitude plot ?
(a) – 40 dB/dec (b) + 40 dB/dec
(c) + 20 dB/dec (d) Depends on the value of k Ans. : (b)
Explanation : Since there are two zeros at the origin, the initial slope of the magnitude plot is
+ 40 dB/dec.
 Control Systems (PU) M9-16 Bode Plots

Q. 41 The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is shown below
G(s) = , what is the phase angle for  →  ?
(a) – 180 (b) 50.72 (c) 180 (d) 0 Ans. : (d)
Explanation : The phase angle equation is given by the formula
Resultant () = + 180 – tan– 1 0.2  – tan– 1 0.02 
As → , (– tan– 1 0.2 ) = – 90 and (– tan– 1 0.02 ) = – 90
Hence Resultant () = + 180 – 90 – 90 = 0

Q. 42 What effect does transportation lag have on the magnitude plot ?

(a) No effect (b) 10 dB (c) – 20 dB/dec (d) + 20 dB/dec Ans. : (a)
– sT
Explanation : Transportation lag is given by the formula GH (s) = e
Magnitude of transportation lag is | GH (j) | = e– jT.
Now, e– jT = cos T – j sin T
 e– jT = = 1
 20 log | GH (j) | = 20 log 1 = 0
– sT
Hence e has no effect on the magnitude plot.
 Control Systems (PU) M9-17 Bode Plots

Q. 43 What effect does transportation lag have on the phase ?

(a) T (b) – 57.3 T (c) – 90 (d) 90  Ans. : (b)
Explanation : Transportation lag is given by the formula GH (s) = e– sT
e– jT = cos T – j sin T
Phase = tan– 1 = – tan– 1 (tan T) = – T
 GH (j) = – T in radians = – 57.3T in degrees.

Q. 44 How many zeros does the system have if its bode plot is as shown in Fig. Q. 44 ?

Fig. Q. 44

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 Ans. : (c)

Explanation : Since the initial slope of the magnitude plot is 40 dB/dec, there are 2 zeros at
the origin.

Q. 45 The corner frequencies of G(s)H(s) = are _____ .

(a) 1 rad/sec and 2 rad/sec (b) 0 and 2
(c) 0, 1 and 0.5 (d) 0 and 1 Ans. : (a)
Explanation : The open loop transfer function can be written as
G(s)H(s) =
Hence the corner frequencies are at  = 1 rad/sec (because of zero) and
 = 2 rad/sec (because of pole).

Q. 46 A system has 5 poles and 2 zeros in the system, what will be the slope at very high frequency
in the magnitude plot ?
(a) − 20 dB/dec (b) − 40 dB/dec (c) 60 dB/dec (d) − 60 dB/dec Ans. : (d)
Explanation : Each pole contributes a slope of − 20 dB/dec. With 5 poles the total slope due
to poles will be − 100 dB/dec. Each zero contributes a slope of
+ 20 dB/dec. Since there are 2 zeros, total slope due to zeros is 40 dB/dec. Hence the total
slope on the magnitude plot will be − 60 dB/dec.

Q. 47 If the phase angle at gain crossover frequency is − 125, what is the phase margin of the
system ?
 Control Systems (PU) M9-18 Bode Plots

(a) 20 (b) 55 (c) 160 (d) 80 Ans. : (b)
Explanation :
Phase margin = 180 + angle at gain crossover frequency
= 180 − 125 = 55

Q. 48 The open loop transfer function of a feedback control system is

G(s) H(s) = . The gain margin of the system is ______ .
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16 Ans. : (c)
Explanation :
Gain Margin =
Where p = phase cross-over frequency
G (j) H (j) =
| G (j) H (j) | =
 G (j) H (j) = – 3 tan– 1 
At phase cross-over frequency
 G (j) H (j) = – 180
or, – 3 tan– 1p = – 180
or, tan– 1p = 60
 p = rad/s.
 Gain-margin = (1 +2)3/2|

Q. 49 Bode plot of a stable system is shown in Fig. Q. 49 the transfer function of the system is
_____ .
(a) (b)

(c) (d) Ans. : (b)

Fig. Q. 49

Explanation :
20 log k = 20  k = 10
Simple pole is present. Cross-over frequency  = 10
T(s) = =

Q. 50 The 3-dB bandwidth of a typical second order system with the transfer function : = is given
by, ______ .
(a) c = n
(b) c = n
(c) c = n
(d) c = n Ans. : (c)
 Control Systems (PU) M9-19 Bode Plots

Explanation :
=
= =
| M(u) | = , where u =
Bandwidth is calculated when |M(u) | =
or =
2 2 2 2
or, (1 – u ) + 4 u = 2
 4 2 2
u + u (4 – 2) – 1 = 0
u2 =
u =
 c = n

Q. 51 In the bode plot of a unity gain feedback control system, the value of phase of G(j) at the
gain crossover frequency is – 100. The phase margin of the system is _______ .
(a) – 125 (b) – 55 (c) 55 (d) 80 Ans. : (d)
Explanation :
PM = 180 + G (j)
PM = 180 – 100 = 80

Q. 52 Consider the bode magnitude plot shown in Fig. Q. 52. The transfer function H(s) is
_______ .
(a) (b)
(c) (d) Ans. : (c)

Fig. Q. 52

Explanation :
First corner frequency 1 = 1 rad/s
Slope change = 20 dB/dec.
Simple zero = (1 + s)
Second corner frequency 2 = 10 rad/s
Control Systems (PU) M9-20 Bode Plots

Slope change
(0 – 20) dB/dec = – 20 dB/dec
Simple pole =
Third corner frequency, 3 = 100 rad/s
Slope change = (– 20 – 0) dB/dec = – 20 dB/dec
Simple pole =
Transfer function = =
 Control Systems (PU) M9-21 Bode Plots

Calculation of k
20 log k = – 20 or log k = – 1 or k = 10–1
 Complete transfer function is

Q. 53 The asymptotic bode plot of a transfer function is as shown in the Fig. Q. 53. The transfer
function G(s) corresponding to this bode plot is ____ .
(a) (b)
(c) (d) Ans. : (d)

Fig. Q. 53

Explanation :
Initial slope – 20 dB/dec.
One pole at origin
First corner frequency, 1 = 1 rad/s
Change in slope = – 40 – (– 20) = – 20 dB/dec
Simple pole = (1 + s)
Second corner frequency 2 = 20 rad/s
Change in slope = – 60 – (– 40) = – 20 dB/dec
Simple pole =
Transfer function is
Calculation of k
20 log k = 40 or k = 100
 Transfer function is

Q. 54 For the asymptotic bode magnitude plot shown in Fig. Q. 54, the system transfer function can
be ______ .
Control Systems (PU) M9-22 Bode Plots

Fig. Q. 54

(a) (b)
(c) (d) Ans. : (a)
Explanation :
No pole and zero at origin as initial slope is 0.
Slope is calculated as
m = = 20 dB/dec
At  = 0.1 rad/s
Slope change = 20 dB/dec
Simple zero = = (1 + 10s)
At  = 10 rad/s
Slope change = – 20 dB/dec.
Simple pole = = (1 + 0.1s)
Transfer function =
Magnitude = 0 dB
20 log k = 0 or k = 1
 Transfer function =

Control Systems (PU) M9-23 Bode Plots

Note
Note