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Wireless Communications: Vanet

VANETs apply principles of mobile ad hoc networks to enable vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. This allows for one-hop or multi-hop dissemination of safety messages to provide real-time information about vehicle speed and location. Challenges include high mobility leading to frequent topology changes, ensuring security and anonymity of messages, and achieving reliable communication in both sparse and dense traffic conditions.

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nabeel hasan
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53 views

Wireless Communications: Vanet

VANETs apply principles of mobile ad hoc networks to enable vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. This allows for one-hop or multi-hop dissemination of safety messages to provide real-time information about vehicle speed and location. Challenges include high mobility leading to frequent topology changes, ensuring security and anonymity of messages, and achieving reliable communication in both sparse and dense traffic conditions.

Uploaded by

nabeel hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wireless Communications

VANET
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)

• Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are created by applying


the principles of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs)
• Can have simple one hop information dissemination
• or multi-hop dissemination of messages over vast distances
• Most of the concerns of interest to mobile ad hoc
networks(MANETs) are of interest in VANETs, but the details
differ
•Rather than moving at random, vehicles tend to move in an
organized fashion
•constrained to follow a paved highway

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• The primary goal of VANET is
to provide road safety measures where
information about vehicle’s current speed,
location coordinates are passed with or without
the deployment of Infrastructure.

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A modern vehicle is a network of sensors/actuators on wheels !

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What is VANET?
 Vehicles Transformed into “Computers on the Wheels” or
“Networks on the Wheel”
 Vehicular Communication System (VCS):- Two main type of
communications
Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Communication:-
Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication:-
 Advantage and Usage of VCS:-
Information sharing
Co-operative driving
Other value added services like Navigation, internet access etc.
 ad-hoc means to a system of network elements that combine to
form a network requiring little or no planning

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Communication types

• Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V)


• Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I)
• Vehicle to Roadside (V2R)

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VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION (V2V)

Features
• V2V is most suited for short range vehicular networks.
• It is Fast and Reliable and provides real time safety
• It does not need any roadside Infrastructure.
• V2V does not have the problem of Vehicle Shadowing in
which a smaller vehicle is shadowed by a larger vehicle
preventing it to communicate with the Roadside
infrastructure
VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION (V2V)

Challenges

• In V2V the connectivity between the vehicles may not be


there all the time since the vehicles are moving at different
velocities due to which there might be quick network
topology changes.
• The anonymity problem: The addresses of vehicles on
highways are unknown to each other.
• Periodic broadcasts from each vehicle may inform direct
neighbors about its address, but the address-position map
will inevitably change frequently due to relative movements
among vehicles.
VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION (V2V)

• It is the receiver’s responsibility to decide the relevance of


emergency messages and decide on appropriate actions.
• Without any roadside infrastructure, multihop forwarding is
used to propagate the messages or signals
• Hence, V2V communication is not very useful in case of low
density vehicular networks.
VEHICLE TO INFRASTRUCTURE/ROADSIDE COMMUNICATION (V2I/V2R)

• Vehicle to Infrastructure provides solution to longer-range


vehicular networks.
• It makes use of preexisting network infrastructure such as
wireless access points (Road-Side Units, RSUs).
• Communications between vehicles and RSUs are supported by
Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) protocol and Vehicle-to-
Roadside (V2R) protocol.
• The Roadside infrastructure involves additional installation
costs.
Why we need VANET?

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Overview of Basic Components in VANETs

• 1 Communication:-
Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE): IEEE 1609.2
Standard also Known DSRC 802.11p
Supports Multi-Hop communication for vehicles out of range (Max.
Range DSRC is 1000m)

• 2 On-Board Unit (OBU):-


A device which is inside the vehicle which processes the data collected
from various sensors fitted inside the cars and gives conditions of the
vehicles.
Is responsible for communication with outside network i.e with other
vehicles and infrastructure.

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Cont.

• 3 Road Side Unit (RSU):


Infrastructure for communication between the
cars for sharing and information from various
vehicles.

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Challenges
• Challenges in VANET:
• Changing topology due to mobile nodes
• Routing / Broadcasting with reliability
• Avoid collisions
• Critical response time for alerts
• Sparse or Dense traffic
• No prior control messages
• Security
• Integrity and Authenticity
Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC)

• 802.11p Add wireless access to vehicular networks and


implements OSI stack
• Wireless Protocol with Licensed band of 5.9GHz, Range of
1000m, Data rate 6 to 27Mbps
• Mainly used in communication of
1) Vehicle to Vehicle
2) Vehicle to Roadside
Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC)
Extended from 802.11 Standard

• Extension to 802.11
• Implements message MAC Layer
Priority Scheduler which is
required for multi-channel
coordination
• Implemets CSMA/CA

• Extension to 802.11a Physical Layer


• Has 10MHz Channel
Bandwidth
• Timing, Frequency and
data rate parameters are
configurable
Routing Methodologies

• V2V routing In V2V communication, the collision warning


messages are broadcast from vehicle to vehicle across
multiple hops without the involvement of a roadside unit.
• V2R routing : In case of V2R the warning messages are first
sent to a roadside unit, and then broadcast by the roadside
unit to all vehicles in range.
• Hybrid mode: In V2R/V2V Hybrid Model, Vehicles which
receive a warning message via V2V communication will send it
to a roadside unit if they did not receive a warning message
with the same event ID from roadside units.
Evaluation metrics in VANET at application and Network layer

• Delay Time:- Compared to ideal time vehicle would take in


absence of signals and other vehicles
• Estimation Error:- Accuracy of information available in the
range specified
• Transmission delay:- Average delay of a packet when the
packet is generated, until the time it gets successfully received
by all neighbors
• Packet Delivery Ratio:- Ratio of the number of messages
received by the destination to the number sent by the sender.
Evaluation metrics in VANET at
application and Network layer
• Connection duration:- To monitor a meaningful interaction
between different parties
• Load on the Network:- Number of packets sent, received and
dropped
• Awareness Percentage:- Fraction of nodes passing the
location that had information about the location before
entering it
VANET Simulators
• Deploying and testing VANETs involves high cost and intensive labor.
• Simulations of VANET often involve large and heterogeneous scenarios.
Compared to MANETs, when we simulate VANETs, we must account for
some specific characteristics found in a vehicular environment.
• Omnet++, Veins and Inet
VANET Simulators
• Vehicular mobility generators are needed to increase the level
of realism in VANET simulations.
• Network simulators perform detailed packet-level simulation
of source, destinations, data traffic transmission, reception,
background load, route, links, and channels.
• VANET simulators provide both traffic flow simulation and
network simulation
Quality of service

• Indicates level of performance given to user.


• Provide robust routes among nodes.

Security

• Many threats for Vanet.


• Avoid some threats using digital signatures.

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VANET Research Challenges

 Routing
• Large end-to-end delays and decreased packet
delivery ratio.
 Security Frameworks
• Need lightweight, scalable authentication
frameworks.
• Need reliable and secureness .
• Need fast and low-cost message exchange facility.

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Quality of Service.
• QoS challenges are packet delivery ratio and
connection duration.

Broadcasting.
• Most messages in Vanet are broadcast
messages.
• Collisions affects message delivery.
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CONCLUSION

• Consists of vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-


infrastructure communication.

• It improves the safety of vehicles.

• Supports Intelligent Transportation system.

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