VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

"Jnana Sangama", Belagavi- 590 018

TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT

ON

“POWER GENERATION ON HIGHWAY BY USING

VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE & SOLAR SYSTEM”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Under the Guidance of

Mrs POSHITHA B
B.E, M.Tech,
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering,
A.I.T, Chikkamagaluru

Submitted by

PUNEETH V
(4AI17EE029)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
CHIKKAMAGALURU-577102, KARNATAKA
2020-2021
 ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY CHIKKAMAGALURU-577102
DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that PUNEETH V, bearing USN (4AI17EE029) has submitted the Technical
Seminar report entitle “POWER GENERATION ON HIGHWAY BY USING
VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE & SOLAR SYSTEM” has satisfactorily
completed the Technical Seminar work Prescribed by VISVESVARAYA
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI for 8th semester B.E curriculum of
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING in this institute for the academic
year 2020-2021.

GUIDE CO-ORDINATOR
Mrs.POSHITHA.B.M.Tech Mrs.KAVITHA.K.M.M.Tech
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Department of E&E Department of E&E
A.I.T. Chikkamagaluru A.I.T. Chikkamagaluru

H.O.D PRINCIPAL
Dr. G. R. VEERENDRA M.E.,PhD Dr. C.T. JAYADEVA.PhD
Professor & Head A.I.T. Chikkamagaluru
Department of E&E
A.I.T. Chikkamagaluru
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincere and humble pranamas to his holiness SRI SRI SRI Kalabhiraviakya
Padmabhushana Dr. Balagangadharanatha Maha Swamiji and seek their blessings.

I express my sincere and humble pranamas to their holiness SRI SRI SRI Dr.
Nirmalanandanatha Maha Swamiji and seek their blessings.

The satisfaction that accompanies and completion of any task would be incomplete without
naming the people who made it possible and whose constant guidance and encouragement
made the work seek perfection.

I would specially thank, Mrs.POSHITHA B Asst. Prof. Dept. of E&E, the concerned guide
of this technical seminar for his valuable guidance, time and devotion for helping us with all
the intimate technical details of these technical seminar report.

I am thankful to Mrs. KAVITHA.K.M Asst. Prof. Dept. of E&E and co-ordinator for all the
final year technical seminar work for her suggestions, encouragement and co-operation
during all stages of development of technical seminar.

The co-operation of the Head of Department of Electrical & Electronics Dr. G. R.

VEERENDRA Professor and HOD of EEE is beyond comparisons and I am extremely
obliged to him.

My heartiest gratitude to our honorable Principal Dr. C. T. JAYADEVA for creating the right
kind of the Milieu.

I take this opportunity to thank and express my gratitude to my dear parents who have given
me the right education because of which I have been able to reach this stage, and have
always been a source of inspiration.

I am also thankful to all teaching and the non-teaching staff of our department who have
made a concrete contribution to the successful completion of the technical seminar report
by extending their help in various capacities.
 CONTENTS

PAGE NO.

Chapter 1:ABSTRACT 5

Chapter 2: INTRODUCTION 6

Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY 7

Chapter 4: IMPLIMENTATION 12

Chapter 5: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 15

Chapter 6: CONCLUSION 17

REFRENCES 18
CHAPTER 1
ABSTRACT

This project deals with the generation of electrical energy using windmills
mounted on the median of the highways. As we know that wind energy is
produced to a certain amount during vehicle movement due to the difference in
pressure created by them in both the sides of highways. The energy produced can
be harnessed in an efficient manner using Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. The
VAWT is installed in the median of the roads in such a way the wind would act
tangentially on the blades in opposite direction of the turbine thus effectively
harnessing the wind energy from either sides of the median. Electrical energy is
generated by a generator coupled to the turbine. The generated energy is stored
in battery during day time. This energy is supplied to street lights during night
time through DC-DC converter and inverter. Energy is an important aspect in our
every day’s life. The resources we use are limited where as the population
consuming the same is increasing day by day. Therefore there is a need of
finding a way to establish a relationship between a natural resources and growing
population. In this context wind energy play the vital role in maintaining the
relationship between human being and a energy requirement. Wind energy is free
of cost and available with ease. Tapping of wind energy is essential for the
conservation of other non-renewable resources. Wind energy has been harnessed
for centuries but it has only emerged as a major part of our energy solution quite
recently and this project focus on utilizing wind energy by using vertical axis
wind turbine.
This energy is available in highways, this highways can provide a considerable
amount of wind energy to recapture this wind from vehicles while in moving. In
the objective of the project, in the present work, vertical axis wind turbine
(VAWT) is designed and fabricated as per the specification, the VAWT blades
are designed with aerofoil shape, with less weight and more stiffness, the
assembled VAWT is mounted on the highways of a divider, so that the air
velocity obtained from the moving vehicle is sufficient enough to cut the turbine
blades, VAWT is a special purpose wind mill, this are designed in such a way
that the vehicle moving on both the sides of highway are capable to cut the
blades of VAWT, the blades are connected to the shaft intern connected to the
generator, it generates the power maximum speed of the generator is 500 rpm, if
the generator rotates with full speed it gives an output of 14.5 volts. To generated
power, this power developed by the VAWT is stored in battery, the power is
used for road lamps and many different application some useful application.
CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION
The main aim of this project is fabrication of a highway windmill. This
project converts wind energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy
produced here is used to drive the home appliances.A windmill is a type of
engine. It uses the wind to make energy. To do this it uses vanes called sails
or blades. The energy made by windmills can be used in many ways. These
include grinding grain or spices, pumping water and sawing wood. Modern
wind power machines are used to create electricity. These are called wind
turbines. Before modern times, windmills were most commonly used to
grind grain into flour. The windmill has been in history for many years. A
wind turbine is a device that converts the wind's kinetic energy into
electrical energy. Wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of
vertical and horizontal axis types. The smallest turbines are used for
applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power for boats or
caravans or to power traffic warning signs. Slightly larger turbines can be
used for making contributions to a domestic power supply while selling
unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid. Arrays of
large turbines, known as wind farms, are becoming an increasingly
important source of intermittent renewable energy and are used by many
countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels. An
electrical generator is a machine which converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy. Induced EMF is produced in it according to Faraday's law
of electromagnetic induction. This EMF causes a current to flow if the
conductor circuit is closed

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 CHAPTER 3

DESIGNING METHODOLOGY

This design methodology is to increase the efficiency of the windmill at first the
designing steps starts with the design of windmill blades. Because this blades
will mainly affects the overall efficiency of the windmill. For a particular
application the wind mill blade should be in required size. Before this getting
knowledge about the aerodynamic style of windmill blade in order to get the full
efficiency is very much important. The various considerations are. A. Wind
speed: The speed of the wind is very much important for the production of
electricity in the windmill. Because in windmill are using the wind as a raw
material for the power production this bakes the axis rotate and this axis is
coupled with a dc generator and makes its also rotate and produce electricity B.
Tower height and design The height of the tower is very much important for a
windmill. In VAHW the tower is kept little sort to obtain whole air density
passing from the vehicle. We also should concentrate in the design of the tower
because it should able to withstand for its own weight and also in the speed of
the wind. C. Shape of the blade: As discussed earlier the shape of the wind mill
blades is the important one if one could place an efficient design of a blade then
the efficiency of the windmill will be increased

DEPT. OF EEE, AIT, 7

  Turbine Specification
• Height of blade= 43 inch= 1.09 meter
• Height of shaft= 60 inch= 1.52 meter
• Helix angle= 300 degrees
• Vertical shaft diameter= 27 mm
• Overall outer diameter= 27 inch= 0.68 meter
• Blade weight (mica sheet) = 4 kg
• Shaft weight= 1.5 kg
• Width of blade= 13 inch= 0.33 meter
• Area = diameter * height = 0.68 * 1.09
• Area = 0.7412 m2

DEPT. OF EEE, AIT, 8

Coils Specification
• Winding Conductor Gauge = 35 Turns of each coil= 2200 turns
• Number of coil= 4
• Output voltage= 60-85 volts (Depending on speed of rotation)
• In generator mechanism, 4 coils are used as a stator. The coils are connected in series
to achieve desirable voltage from each coil.
• When the rotor is rotated across winding then the EMF induced on it. The generated
EMF is an alternating quantity .

DEPT. OF EEE, AIT, 9

 


Specification of Battery
• Voltage Range= 12 Volt.
• Current Range= 12 Ah.
• Valve regulated sealed lead acid rechargeable battery.
• A valve regulated lead acid battery sometimes called sealed lead-acid (SLA), gel
cell, or maintenance free battery.
Due to their construction, the Gel and Absorbent Glass Mat types of VRLA can be
mounted in any orientation, and do not require constant maintenance

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The moving vehicle on highway may be all types such as small or heavy vehicles.
Whenever vehicle moves on both side of the highway divider then some pressurized air
is produced due to the speed of vehicle.
This pressurized air is strike on the blade of vertical axis wind turbine and turbine makes
a rotation. The shaft of the vertical axis wind turbine is connected to generator with the
help of gear mechanism.
The generated electricity is an alternating quantity; the output of the generator is
rectified by rectifier and stored in the battery. The solar system is mounted on besides of
the VAWT, the function of solar not only to generate electricity but also to provide
constant air flow towards the blade of VAWT.
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 CHAPTER 4

IMPLEMENTATION

The power in the wind can be computed by using the concepts of kinetics. The wind mill works on the
principle of converting kinetic energy of the wind to mechanical energy. The kinetic energy of any
particle is equal to one half its mass times the square of its velocity, or ½ mv2. The amount of air
passing in unit time through an area A, with velocity V, is A. V, & its mass M is equal to its Volume
multiplied by its density of air, or
m = AV………………..(1)
(m is the mass of air transferring the area A swept by the rotating blades of a wind mill type generator
Substituting this value of the mass in expression of K.E.
Substituting this value of the mass in expression of K.E.= ½ AV.V2 watts= ½
AV3 watt………….. (2)
Second equation tells us that the power available is proportional to air density (1.225 kg/m3) & is
proportional to the intercept area. Since the area is normally circular of diameter D in horizontal axis
aero turbines, then
Wind velocity vs. power output
Power output= (1/2) Av^3
- Air density at that particular height and location, (normally 1.225 kg/m3 ) A- Swept area by
blades=3.33 each

V- Wind.

Wind velocity vs. power output

Power output= (1/2) Av^3
- Air density at that particular height and location, (normally 1.225 kg/m3 ) A- Swept area by
blades=3.33 each

V- Wind velocity in m/s.

DEPT. OF EEE, AIT, 13
CHAPTER 5
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages

1. The major advantage of this design is that the rotor blades can accept the wind from any
compass.

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2. Another added advantage is that the machine can be mounted on the ground eliminating
tower structures and lifting of huge weight of machine assembly, i.e. it can be operated
close to the ground level.

4. Airfoil rotor fabrication costs are expected to be reduced over conventional rotor blade
costs.

5. The absence of pitch control requirements for synchronous operation may yield
additional cost savings.

6. The tip speed ratio and power coefficient are considerably better than those of the S-rotor
but are still below the values for a modern horizontal-axis, two-bladed propeller rotor.

7. It is easy to fabrication and does not need higher winds easy operation for small winds
also.

8. Compare to the horizontal type for same power production

Disadvantages
1. Rotor power output efficiency of a Darrieus wind energy conversion system is also
somewhat lower than that of a conventional horizontal rotor.

2. Because a Darrieus rotor is generally situated near ground proximity, it may also
experience lower velocity wind compared to a tower mounted conventional wind energy
conversion system of comparable projected rotor disc area. This may yield less energy
output.

3. Properly the biggest disadvantage with vertical axis machines is that far less is known
about them than horizontal axis ones. This handicap is rapidly being removed.

4. Although a Darrieus machine has much directional symmetry for wind energy capture, it
requires external mechanical aid for startup. Tests indicate that, with small machines, the
problem can be solved by attaching S-rotors at the top and bo of the vertical (rotational)
axis. This approach does not appear to be feasible with larger machines, but if the wind
power system connected to a utility grid, the generator can serve as a motor to start the
turbine. The (alternating-current) load can also provide a means for controlling the speed of
DEPT. OF EEE, AIT, 16
CHIKKAMAGALUR
the rotor regardless of the wind speed, so that variable-pitch blades are not required. At
very high speeds, stalling occurs and the rotation stops automatically.

5. The disadvantages are that producing efficient energy from winds takes twice as much
time. The turbines have to be installed on flat land and some models require guide wires,
which add more stress to the bottom of the tower; and they have a low starting torque. A
consumer has to look at a design that is suitable for them by deciding on the best one for
their needs. del takes low wind energy

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CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

By using this technology all the highways can be lightened without use of non- renewable
energy resources. Also, if this method is implemented in all national highways it can able to
produce large amount of power. And it can also provide job for many educated fellowship.
By increasing numbers it can develop more energy & light up the highways so that the
percentage of accidents gets minimized.
The project “Highway Wind Mill” was designed such that to deliver power to switch on the
emergency head lamp. The dynamo uses electromagnetic principles to convert mechanical
rotation into direct current (DC) using wind energy. The system generates electrical power
as non-conventional method by wind energy power using wind turbine set up.
A careful selection has to be made for the blade profile so that the losses will be minimum
and the power generation can be enhanced. Since the wind energy is not constant at all the
time so the operation of the wind machine will be intermittent and the power production
rate will also vary; the component should be design in such a manner so that the losses
should be at minimum.
 REFRENCES
 Kohli, P. L. (1983). Automotive electrical equipment. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.

 Khan, B. H. (2006). Non-conventional energy resources. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.

 Culp Jr, A. W. (1991). Principles of energy conversion.

 Rai, G. D. (2013). Non-conventional sources of energy. Khanna Publishers.

 Oğulata, R. T. (2003). E
 An and, M. D. (2015). Development of small domestic wind turbine tower and blades systems: An
optimization approach. International Journal of Renewable Energy, 9(2), 37-48.

 McCain, D. K. (2006). U.S. Patent No. 7,116,006. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office.
 Singh, R. K., & Ahmed, M. R. (2013). Blade design and performance testing of a small wind
turbine rotor for low wind speed applications. Renewable nergy sector and wind energy potential
in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 7(6), 469-4