Chapter-02: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Chapter-02: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

. (4) Range of f = { f ( x) : x  D( f )}
BASIC CONCEPTS
(5) If f : A  B , then n(f) = n( B) n ( A)
Cartesian product or Cross Product Some important functions
The Cartesian product between two sets A and B is
denoted by A B is the set of all ordered pairs of  Identity function : A function f : R  R defined
elements from A and B. by f ( x )  x . Here D( f )  R, R( f )  R . The
ie; A  B  {( a, b) : a  A, b  B} graph of the above function is a straight line
Properties: passing through the origin which makes 45
(1) In general A  B  B  A , degrees with the positive direction of x-axis.
but if A = B, A  B  B  A .  Constant function : A function f :RR
(2) n( A  B)  n( A)  n( B)
defined by f ( x)  c , where c is a constant.
(3) n( A  B)  n( B  A)
Here D( f )  R, R( f )  {c} . The graph of the
above function is a straight line parallel to x-axis.
Relations
 Polynomial function: A function f :RR
A relation R from a non-empty set A to a non-empty defined by
set B is a subset of the Cartesian product A B . f ( x)  a0  a1 x  ...  an x n , where n is a no-
 Representation of a relation:
(1) Roster form negative integer and a0 , a1 ,....an  R .
(2) Set builder form
(3) Arrow diagram.  Rational function : A function f : R  R defined
 Universal relation from A to B is A B . p( x)
 Empty relation from A to B is empty set  . by f ( x)  , where p (x ) , q(x) are
q( x)
 A relation in A is a subset of A  A . functions of x defined in a domain, where
 The number of relation that can be written from
q( x)  0
A to B if n( A)  p, n( B)  q is 2 .
pq

 Domain: It is the set of all first elements of the  Modulus function: A function f :RR
ordered pairs in a relation.
 x, x  0
 Range: It is the set of all second elements of the defined by f ( x)  x =  .
ordered pairs in a relation. If R : A  B , then  x , x  0
R(R)  B.
 Co-domain: If R: A B, then Co-domain of
R = B.

Functions

A relation f from A to B ( f : A  B ) is said to be a

function if every element of set A has one and only
one image in set B.
 If f : A  B is a function defined by f ( x)  y .
(1) The image of x = y
(2) The pre-image of y = x Here D( f )  R, R( f )  [0, ) .The graph of
(3) Domain of f = {x  A : f ( x)  B} the above function is ‘V’ shaped with a corner at
the origin.

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 Chapter-02: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
 Signum function : A function f : R  R defined ( f  g )( x)  f ( x)  g ( x) for all x X
 1, x  0  Let f : X  R and g : X  R be any two
 real functions, where X  R . Then, we define
by f (x ) =  0, x  0 .
 1, x  0 ( f  g ) : X  R by
 ( f  g )( x)  f ( x)  g ( x) for all x X
 Let f : X  R be a real valued function and k
be a scalar. Then, the product kf : X  R by
(kf )( x)  kf ( x) for all x X
 Let f : X  R and g : X  R be any two
real functions, where X  R . Then, we define
fg : X  R by
( fg )( x)  f ( x)  g ( x) for all x X
 Let f : X  R and g : X  R be any two
Here D( f )  R, R( f )  {1,0,1} .The graph real functions, where X  R . Then, we define
f
of the above function has a break at x = 0.
: X  R by
 Greatest integer function : A function g
f : R  R defined by
f f ( x)
 ...................  ( x)  for all x X
 1, 1  x  2 g g ( x)

f ( x)  [ x] =  0, 0  x  1 .
 1,  1  x  0 TERMINAL EVALUATION QUESTIONS

.....................
1. If ( x  1, y  2)  (3,1) , find the values of x
and y.
Answer:

( x  1, y  2)  (3,1)  x  1  3, y  2  1
 x  2, y  3
x 2 5 1
2. If   1, y     ,  , find the values of
3 3  3 3
x and y.

Answer:

Here D( f )  R, R ( f )  Z .The graph of the

x 2 5 1
  1, y     , 
above function has break at all integral points. 3 3  3 3
x 5 2 1
 1  , y  
Algebra of functions 3 3 3 3
x 5 1 2
 Let f : X  R and g : X  R be any two    1, y  
3 3 3 3
real functions, where X  R . Then, we define x 2 3
( f  g ) : X  R by   , y   x  2, y  1
3 3 3

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 Chapter-02: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
3. If G = {7,8};H = {2,4,5}, find G  H and H  G .  y  0, y  1  0  y  1
Therefore range of f is [0,1) .
Answer:
8. Graph the following real functions.
G  H ={(7,2),(7,4),(7,5),(8,2),(8,4),(8,5)}
H  G ={(2,7),(2,8),(4,7),(4,8),(5,7),(5,8)} (i) f ( x)  x  2 (ii) f ( x)  x
2

4. If A = {-1,1} find A A A 1
(iii) f ( x)  x 3 (iv) f ( x ) 
Answer: x
(v) f ( x)  ( x  1)2 (vi) f ( x)  3x  1
2

A  A  {1,1}  {1,1}
= {( 1,1), (1,1), (1,1), (1,1)} (vii) f ( x)  x  2
A A A
Answer:
= {( 1,1), (1,1), (1,1), (1,1)}  {1,1}
= {( 1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1,1,1),
 x  2, x  2
(1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1,1,1)} (i) f ( x)  x  2 = 
3  x  2, x  2
5. Write the relation R = {(x, x ): x is a prime
number less than 10} in roster form. x 0 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) 2 1 0 1 2 3
Answer:

2,3,5,7 are the prime number less than 10.

R = {(2,8),(3,27),(5,125),(7,343)}

6. If f ( x)  x , find f (1.1)  f (1)

2

(1.1  1)

Answer:

f (1.1)  f (1) (1.1)  (1)

2 2
=
(1.1  1) (0.1)
1.21  1 0.21
= =  2.1
0 .1 0.1 (ii) f ( x)  x 2
 x2  
7. Let f   x, , x  R  be a real function
2  x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
 1  x   f(x) 4 1 0 1 4 9
from R to R. Determine the domain and range
of f.

Answer:

Domain of f is R .
x2
Let  y  x 2  y(1  x 2 )
1  x2
 x 2  y  yx 2  x 2  yx 2  y
y y
 x 2 (1  y)  y  x 2  x
1 y 1 y
 y  0,1  y  0

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 Chapter-02: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
(iii) f ( x)  x (vi) f ( x)  3x  1
3 2

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 x -2 -1 0 1 2
f(x) -8 -1 0 1 8 27 f(x) 11 2 -1 2 11

1
(iv) f ( x )  (vii) f ( x)  x  2
x
x -2 -1 0 1 2 x -2 -1 0 1 2
f(x) -0.5 -1 N.D 1 0.5 f(x) 0 -1 -2 -1 0

(v) f ( x)  ( x  1)
2
9. Let A = {1,2,3,4,6}. Let be the relation on A
x defined by R  {( a, b) : a, b  A , b is exactly
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
divisible by a}
f(x) 9 4 1 0 1 4 (i) Write R in roster form. (1)
(ii) Find the domain of R. (1)
(iii) Find the range of R. (1)

Answer:

(i) R = {(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,6),(2,4),(2,2),
(4,4),(6,6),(3,3),(3,6)}
(ii) Domain of R = {1,2,3,4,6}
(iii) Range of R = {1,2,3,4,6}

10. Determine the domain and range of the

relation R defined by
R  {( x, x  5) : x {0,1,2,3,4,5}}

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 Chapter-02: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
Answer: 14. The arrow diagram given below shows a
R = {(0,5),(1,6),(2,7),(3,8),(4,9),(5,10)} relation R from P to Q. Write the relation in
Domain of R = {0,1,2,3,4,5} roster form, set-builder form. Find its domain
Range of R = {5,6,7,8,9,10} and range.

11. A function f is defined as f ( x)  2 x  5 .

Write down the values of f (0) , f (7) , f (3) .
Answer:

Given; f ( x)  2 x  5
f (0)  5 ;
f (7)  2(7)  5  14  5  9
f (3)  2(3)  5  6  5  11 Answer:

12. Find the range of the following functions. R  {( 9,3), (9,3), (4,2), (4,2), (25,5), (25,5)}
(i) f ( x)  2  3x, x  R, x  0 (1) R  {( x, y) : y 2  x}
(ii) f ( x)  x  2, x is a real number.
2
(1) Domain of R = {9,4,25}
(iii) f ( x )  x , x is a real number. (1) Range of R = {5,3,2,-2,-3,-5}

15. Find the range of the following.

Answer:
x2  2x  1
(i) f ( x)  (2)
(i) Given; f ( x)  2  3x is a first degree polynomial x 2  8 x  12
function, therefore the range is R. x 2  3x  5
(ii) f ( x)  2 (2)
(ii) Given; f ( x)  x  2,
2
x  5x  4
The range of x is [0,  ) , then the range of Answer:
2

x2  2x  1
f ( x)  x 2  2, is [2, ) (i) Given; f ( x) 
x 2  8 x  12
(iii) Given; f ( x)  x is the identity function,
The function is not defined at points where the
therefore the range is R. denominator becomes zero.

13. Let A = {1,2}, B = {1,2,3,4}, C = {5,6} and x 2  8 x  12  0  ( x  6)( x  2)  0

D = {5,6,7,8}. Verify that  x  2,6
(i) A  ( B  C ) = ( A  B )  ( A  C ) (2) Therefore domain of f is R  {2,6} .
(ii) A C is a subset of B D (2)
x 2  3x  5
(ii) Given; f ( x)  2
Answer: x  5x  4
The function is not defined at points where the
(i) A  ( B  C ) = {1,2}     denominator becomes zero.
A  B  {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (2,1), x 2  5 x  4  0  ( x  4)( x  1)  0
(2,2), (2,3), (2,4)}  x  1,4
A  C  {(1,5), (1,6), (2,5), (2,6)} Therefore domain of f is R  {1,4} .
( A  B)  ( A  C ) = 
16. Let f ( x)  x and g ( x )  x be two
Hence; A  ( B  C ) = ( A  B )  ( A  C )
functions defined over the set of non-
(ii) A  C  {(1,5), (1,6), (2,5), (2,6)} negative real numbers. Find ( f  g )( x) ,
B  D = {1,2,3,4}  {5,6,7,8} f
= {(1,5), (1,6), (1,7), (1,8), (2,5), (2,6), (2,7), (2,8), ( f  g )( x) , ( fg )( x) and 
 g (x)
(3,5), (3,6), (3,7), (3,8), (4,5), (4,6), (4,7), (4,8)}
 
Hence A C is a subset of B D

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 Chapter-02: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
Answer:
20. Let A = {1,2,3}, B = {3,4} and C = {4,5,6}. Find
( f  g )( x)  f ( x)  g ( x) = x  x (i) A  ( B  C ) (1) (ii) ( A  B )  ( A  C ) (2)

( f  g )( x)  f ( x)  g ( x) = x  x (iii) A  ( B  C ) (1) (iv) ( A  B)  ( A  C ) (2)

3
Answer:
( fg )( x)  f ( x)  g ( x) = x  x  x 2

f f ( x) x 
1
(i) A  ( B  C ) = {1,2,3}  {4}
 ( x)  =  x 2, x0
= {(1,4), (2,4), (3,4)}
g g ( x) x
(ii) ( A  B )  ( A  C )
17. Let f ( x)  x and g ( x )  2 x  1 be two {(1,3), (1,4), (2,3), (2,4), (3,3), (3,4)}
2
=
functions defined over the set of non-  {(1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,4),
negative real numbers. Find ( f  g )( x) , (2,5), (2,6), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6)}
( f  g )( x) , ( fg )( x) f = {(1,4), (2,4), (3,4)}
and 
 g (x)
  (iii) A  ( B  C ) = {1,2,3}  {3,4,5,6}
Answer:
= {(1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,3), (2,4),
( f  g )( x)  f ( x)  g ( x) = x 2  2 x  1 (2,5), (2,6), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6)}
(iv) ( A  B )  ( A  C )
( f  g )( x)  f ( x)  g ( x) = x 2  2 x  1
= {(1,3), (1,4), (2,3), (2,4), (3,3), (3,4)}
( fg )( x)  f ( x)  g ( x)
 {(1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,4),
= x (2 x  1)  2 x  x
2 3 2

2
(2,5), (2,6), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6)}
f f ( x) x 1
 ( x)  = , x = {(1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,3), (2,4),
 
g g ( x ) 2 x  1 2 (2,5), (2,6), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6)}
18. A = {1,2}, B = {3,4} 21. Find the domain and range of the following
(i) Write A  B (1) functions.
(ii) Write relation from A to B in roster form. (1) (i) f ( x)   x (1) (ii) f ( x)  9  x2 (2)
(iii) Represent all possible functions from A to B
(Arrow diagram may be used) (2) (iii) f ( x)  x  1 (1) (iv) f ( x)  x  1 (2)
Christmas 2017 Answer:
Answer:
(i) Given; f ( x)   x
(i) A  B  {(1,3), (1, 4), (2,3), (2, 4)}
(ii) Any Subset of A  B (say R  {(1,3), (2, 4)} ) D( f )  R, R( f )  (,0]
(iii)
(ii) Given; f ( x)  9  x2
x can take values where 9  x  0
2

 x 2  9  3  x  3  x  [3,3]
Therefore domain of f is [3,3]

Put 9  x 2  y , where y  0
 9  x2  y 2  x2  9  y 2  x  9  y 2
 9  y 2  0  y 2  9  3  y  3
Therefore range of f is [0,3] .

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 Chapter-02: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
(iii) Given; f ( x)  x  1  x  8 x  12  x 2  2 x  3
2

9
Domain of f is R  10x  9  x 
10
The range of x is [0, ) , then the range of (ii) Find the value for which denominator is zero.
f ( x)  x  1 is [0, )  x 2  8 x  12  0  ( x  6)( x  2)  0
 x  6,2
(iv) Given; f ( x)  x 1 Therefore domain of f is R-{2,6}.
x can take values where x  1 0
25. If f ( x)  x  5 x and g ( x )  2 x  1 , find
3
 x  1  x  [1, ]
Therefore domain of f is [1,  ] ( f  g )( 2) and ( fg )(1) .
Imp (Science)-2012
The range of x is [0, ) , then the range of Answer:
f ( x)  x  1 is [0, )
( f  g )( 2) = f (2)  g (2) = (2) 3  5(2)  2(2)  1
22. Consider the relation,
= 8  10  4  1  23
R  {( x,2 x  1) / x  A} where A  {2,1,3}
( fg )(1) = f (1) g (1) = (1  5)( 2  1)  6  3  18
(i) Write R in roster form. (1)
(ii) Write the range of R. (1)
March (Science)-2010 26. Let A = {1,2,3,4,5} and R be a relation on A
defined by R  {( a, b) : b  a 2 }
Answer:
(i) Write R in the roster form.
x  2  2 x  1  2(2)  1  3 (ii) Find the range of R.
(i)
March (Science) 2012
x  1  2 x  1  2(1)  1  3 Answer:
x  3  2 x  1  2(3)  1  5
R  {( 2,3), (1,3), (3,5)} (i) R = {(1,1), (2,4)} (ii) Range = {1,4}
(ii) Range of R  {3,3,5}
27. Draw the graph of the function
23. Let A={1,2,3,4,6} and R be a relation on A f ( x)  x  1, x  R
defined by R = {(a,b): a,b  A, b is exactly March (Science) 2013
divisible by a} Answer:
(i) Write R in the roster form. (1)
(ii) Find the domain and range of R. (1)
March (Science)-2011

Answer:

(i) R  {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,6),

(2,2), (2,4), (2,6), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
(ii) Domain = {1,2,3,4,6}; Range = {1,2,3,4,6}
24. Consider the real function
x 2  2x  3
f ( x) 
x 2  8 x  12
28. Draw the graph of the function.
(i) Find the value of x if f ( x)  1
f ( x)  x 2 , x  R
(ii) Find the domain of f. March (Commerce) 2013
March (Science)-2011 Answer:
Answer:

x 2  2x  3
(i) Given; f ( x)  1  1 
x 2  8 x  12

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 Chapter-02: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

32. The function f is defined by

2  x, x  0

f ( x)   2, x0
2  x, x  0

Draw the graph of Find f(x)
Imp(Commerce)-2012
Answer:

For x  0
x -1 -2
2 x 3 4

29. Let A = {1,2,3,4} and B = {1,4,5} be two sets. If

For x  0
R is the relation "" from A to B then
(i) Write R in Roster form. (1) x 1 2
(ii) Write Domain and Range of R. (1) 2 x 3 4
(iii) Find the number of relations from A to B.
(1)
Imp (Commerce)-2011
Answer:

(i) R  {(1,4), (1,5), (2,4), (2,5), (3,4), (3,5), (4,5)}

(ii) Domain of R = {1,2,3,4}; Range of R = {4,5}
(iii) Number of relations from A to B = 2 43  212

30. (i) If 
2x 3 1 1
 1, y     ,  find x and y.
 5 4  5 4
(ii) If f  {( 2,5), (3,1), (5,2), (8,5), (10,2), (11,5)}
is a function, write its range.
Imp (Science)-2012 33. Let A = {1,2,3}, B={4,5}
Answer: (i) Find A  B and B  A
(ii) Find the number of relations from A to B.
2x 1 2x 1 4 March (Commerce) 2013
(i) 1    1   Answer:
5 5 5 5 5
 2x  4  x  2 (i) A  B = {(1,4), (1,5), (2,4), (2,5), (3,4), (3,5)}
3 1 1 3
y    y   1 B  A = {( 4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (5,1), (5,2), (5,3)}
4 4 4 4 (ii) n( R)  2
32
 2 6  64
(ii) Range ( f )  {1,2,5}
34. (i) Let A  {7,8} and B  {2,4,5} . Find A  B
31. Let A = {1,2,3}; B = {3,4}. Write a relation from
(ii) Determine the domain and range of the
A and B having 5 elements. Write its domain,
relation R defined by R  {( x, y ) : y  x  1} ,
co-domain and range.
Imp (Commerce)-2012 x  {0,1,2,3,4,5,6}
Answer: March (Science) 2013
R  {(1,3), (1,4), (2,3), (3,4), (3,3)} Answer:
Domain of R = {1,2,3}
Range of R = {3,4}
(i) A  B = {( 7,5), (7,4), (7,2), (8,5), (8,4), (8,2)}
Co-domain of R = {3,4} = B (ii) R  {( 0,1), (1,2), (2,3), (4,5), (5,6)}

mathbeyondlimits.blogspot.com Page 8
 Chapter-02: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
Domain = {0,1,2,3,4,5} x 1
(ii) g ( x)   x2  2x 1  0
Range = {1,2,3,4,5,6} x  2x 1
2

 ( x  1) 2  0  x  1
35. (i) If A = {2,4}, B = {1,3,5}. Then the number
Domain of ‘g’ = R  {1}
of relations from A to B is………….
(ii) If P={-1,1}, form the set P  P  P . x 1
(iii) ( f  g )( x) = x  2  2
Imp (Science)-2013 x  2x 1
Answer: x 1
(iv) ( fg )( x ) = x  2  2
(i) Number of relations from A to B
x  2x 1
= 2 23  2 6  64 38. The Cartesian product P×P has 9 elements
(ii) P  P  {1,1}  {1,1}  {( 1,1), among which are found (-a, 0) and (a, 0).
A relation from P to P is defined as
(1,1), (1,1), (1,1)} R  {( x, y ) : x  y  0}
P  P  P  {( 1,1), (1,1), (1,1), (1,1)}  {1,1} (i) Find P. (1)
= {( 1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1,1,1), (ii) Depict the relation using an arrow
diagram. (1)
(1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1,1  1), (1,1,1)} (iii) Write down the domain and range of R,
(1)
36. Consider the function f : R  R defined by (iv) How many relations are possible from P to
P? (1)
f ( x)   x Imp (Science)-2010
(i) Find the domain and range of f. Answer:
(ii) Draw the graph of f.
(Since (-a,0), (a,0) are elements in P×P and P×P
Imp (Science)-2013
have 9 elements, implies P has 3 elements
Answer: (iv) Therefore; P = {-a,a,0}
(ii) Given; R  {( x, y ) : x  y  0}
(i) Domain = R; Range = (,0]
x   a  y  a  (  a, a )
(ii)
x  a  y   a  ( a, a )
x  0  y  0  (0,0)
(iii) R  {( a, a), (a,a), (0,0)}
Domain of R = {-a,a,0}; Range of R = {-a,a,0}
(iv) Number of relation from P to P = 29
x2
39. Consider the real function f ( x) 
x2
(i) Find the domain and range of the function.
(2)
37. Consider the functions (ii) Prove that f ( x) f ( x)  f (0)  0 (2)
x 1
f ( x)  x  2 , g ( x)  March (Science) 2012
x  2x 1
2
Answer:
Find (i) Domain of ‘f’. (1)
(ii) Domain of ‘g’. (1) (i) We have; x  2  0  x  2
(iii) ( f  g )( x) (1)
Domain of f ( x)  R  {2}
(iv) ( fg )( x ) (1) x2
March (Science)-2010 Let  y  x  2  y ( x  2)
x2
Answer:
 x  2  yx  2 y  x  yx  2  2 y
f ( x)  x  2  x  2  0  x  2 2(1  y)
(i)  x(1  y )  2(1  y )  x 
Domain of ‘f’ = [ 2,  ) y 1
Then; y  1  0  y  1  y  R  {1}

mathbeyondlimits.blogspot.com Page 9
 Chapter-02: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
Hence range = R  {1} i) False
(ii) f ( x) f ( x)  f (0) ii) R  {( 2,23 )(3,33 ), (5,53 ), (7,73 )}
 x  2   x  2  0  2 R  {( 2,8)(3,27), (5,125), (7,343)}
=    iii) F is not a function since the element 2 has two
 x  2   x  2  0  2 images.
 x  2  x  2 
=     1 = 1 1  0 43. Let R be the set of Reals. Define a function
 x  2  x  2 
40. (i) Let P = {1,2}. Find P  P  P
f : R  R by f ( x)  2 x 2  1
(2)
(ii) Let A = {1,2,3,…..,13,14}, R is the relation f (1)  f (1)
(i) Find (2)
on A defined by 2
R  {( x, y ) : 3x  y  0; x, y  A} (ii) Find f [ f ( x )] (2)
a) Write R in a tabular form. (1) (iii) Draw the graph of f (x ) (2)
b) Find the domain and range of R. (1) Imp (Commerce)-2011
March(Commerce)2014 Answer:
Answer:
f (1)  f (1)
(i) P  P  P = {(1,1,1), (1,1,2), (1,2,1), (1,2,2), (i)
2
(2,1,1), (2,1,2), (2,2,1), (2,2,2)}
2(1) 2  1  2(1) 2  1
(ii) R  {(1,3), (2,6), (3,9), (4,12)} =
2
Domain = {1,2,3,4}
2 1 2 1
Range = {3,4,9,12} = 1
2
(ii) f [ f ( x )] = f [2 x  1] = 2(2 x  1)  1
2 2 2
41. (i) Write the domain and range of the relation
= 2(4 x  4 x  1)  1
4 2
R = {(2,5),(3,10),(4,17),(5,26)} (2)
(ii) If f ( x)  x  3x and g ( x)  x  2 find 8x 4  8x 2  2  1 = 8x 4  8x 2  1
2
=
( f  g )( x), ( f  g )( x) and ( fg )( x)
(2)
(iii)

Imp (Commerce) 2014 x 0 1 -1 2 -2

Answer:
f ( x)  2 x 2  1 -1 1 1 7 7

(i) Domain = {2,3,4,5}; Range = {5,10,17,26}

(ii) ( f  g )( x)  f ( x)  g ( x)
= x  3x  x  2  x 2 x  2
2 2

( f  g )( x)  f ( x)  g ( x)
= x  3 x  x  2  x 4 x  2
2 2

( fg )( x) = f ( x)  g ( x)

= ( x  3x)  ( x  2)  x  x  6 x
2 3 2

42. i) If P = {m,n}, Q = {n,m} ; state whether the

following is TRUE or FALSE (1)
P  Q  {( m, n), (n, m)}
3
ii) Write the relation R= {(x, x ), x is a prime 44. (i) If A = {-1,1}, Find A  A . (2)
number less than 10}, in roster form. (2)
(ii) Consider the relation R defined by
iii) Let A = {1,2,3,4} B = {1,5,9,11,15,16} and f =
{(1,5),(2,9),(3,1),(4,5),(2,1)}. State with the R  {( x, x  1) : x  {1,1}} Write R in the
reason whether f is a relation or a function. roster form. Also find the range. (2)
(1)
SAY 2016 (iii) Draw the graph of the function. (2)
Answer: y  x, xR

mathbeyondlimits.blogspot.com Page 10
 Chapter-02: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
March(Science)2014 Codomain of R = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
Answer:
46. (i) Find the domain of the function (2)
(i) A  A = {1,1}  {1,1} x  3x  5
2
f ( x) 
= {( 1,1), (1,1), (1,1), (1,1)} x 2  5x  4
(ii) R  {(1,0), (1,2)} ; Range  {0,2} (ii) Sketch the graph of the function f ( x)  x  1
(iii) (2)
(iii) Consider A = {1,2,3,5} and B = {4,6,9}. Define
a relation R : A  B by
R  {( x, y ) : x  y is odd , x  A, y  B} . Write
R in roster form and find range of R. (2)
March 2015
Answer:

(i) x 2  5 x  4  0  ( x  4)( x  1)  0
Therefore f(x) is defined for all x  R , except x
= 4 and x = 1. Hence the domain is R  {1,4} .
(ii)

45. Let A = {1,2,3,4,5,6} be a set. Defined a

relation R from A to A by R  {( x, y ) / y  x  1}
(i) Express R in the roster form. (2)
(ii) Represent the relation R using an arrow
diagram. (2)
(iii) Write the domain and range of R. (2)
Imp (Science) 2014 (iii) R = {(1,4),(1,6),(2,9),(3,4),(3,6),(5,4),(5,6)}
Answer: Range = {4,6,9}

(i) R = {(1,2),(2,3),(3,4),(4,5),(5,6)}. 47. (i) Match the following (3)

(i) Given; y  x 1
x 1 y 11  2 ; x  2  y  3 Modulus function.
x  3 y  4; x  4 y  5
f : R  R ; f ( x)  x
x 5 y 6
R  {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5), (5,6)} 1.

Signum function
f :RR

x

2. f ( x)   x , x  0

 0, x  0

(ii) Domain of R = {1,2,3,4,5}

Range of R = {2,3,4,5,6}

mathbeyondlimits.blogspot.com Page 11
 Chapter-02: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
(ii) A B = {(1,4),(1,6),(1,9),(2,4),(2,6),(2,9),
Identity function (3,4),(3,6),(3,9),(4,4),(4,6)(4,9),(5,4),(5,6),(5,9)}
Then R = {(5,4)}
f : R  R ; f ( x)  x
 x, x  0
(iii) f ( x)  x  
3.  x , x  0

Greatest integer
function.
f : R  R f ( x)  [ x]

(ii) A = {1,2,3,......,14}. R is a relation from A to A

defined by R={(x,y): 3x  y  0, x, y  A }.
Write the domain, range, co-domain of ,R. (3)
Imp(Science) 2015 49. i) The domain of the function f ( x)  1
x 1
Answer: is……… (1)
(a) {1} (b) R (c) R – {1} (d) R – {0}
(i) 1-Identity function, f : R  R ; f ( x)  x ii) A relation R on set natural numbers is
defined by R = { ( x, y ), y  x  5, x is a
2-Modulus function, f : R  R ; f ( x)  x natural number less than 4, x, y  N } (2)
a) Write the relation in roster form.
b) Write the domain and range of the relation.
3 - Signum function f :RR iii) Draw the graph of the relation
f ( x)  x , x  R (3)
x

f ( x)   x , x  0
March 2017
Answer:

 0, x  0
(i) c) R – {1}
(ii) Given; 3x  y  0  y  3x
(ii) a) R = {(1,6),(2,7),(3,8)}
x  1  y  3(1)  3 ; x  2  y  6 b) Domain = {1,2,3}; Range = {6,7,8}
x  3  y  9 ; x  4  y  12 (iii) Chapter-2; Page-15
R  {(1,3), (2,6), (3,9), (4,12)}
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Domain of R = {1,2,3,4}
Range of R = {3,6,9,12}
Co-domain of R = {1,2,3,4….14}

48. (i) If (x+1, y-2) = (3,1), write the values of x

and y. (2)
(ii) Let A = {1,2,3,4,5,} and B = {4,6,9} be two
sets. Define a relation R from A to B by R =
{(x,y): x-y}is a positive integer} (2)
(iii) Define the modulus function. What is its
domain? Draw a rough sketch. (2)
March2016
Answer:

(i) Given; ( x  1, y  2)  (3,1)

 x  1  3; y  2  1
 x  2; y  3

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