Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

Exercise 4.1

1. (i) All circles are .......... (congruent, similar).

(ii) All squares are .......... (similar, congruent).
(iii) All .......... triangles are similar (isosceles, equilaterals):
(iv) Two triangles are similar, if their corresponding angles are .......... (proportional, equal)
(v) Two triangles are similar, if their corresponding sides are .......... (proportional, equal)
(vi) Two polygons of the same number of sides are similar, if (a) their corresponding angles
are and (b) their corresponding sides are .......... (equal, proportional).
Sol:
(i) All circles are similar
(ii) All squares are similar
(iii)All equilateral triangles are similar
(iv) Two triangles are similar, if their corresponding angles are equal
(v) Two triangles are similar, if their corresponding sides are proportional
(vi) Two polygons of the same number of sides are similar, if (a) their corresponding angles
are equal and (b) their corresponding sides are proportional.

2. Write the truth value (T/F) of each of the following statements:

(i) Any two similar figures are congruent.
(ii) Any two congruent figures are similar.
(iii) Two polygons are similar, if their corresponding sides are proportional.
(iv) Two polygons are similar if their corresponding angles are proportional.
(v) Two triangles are similar if their corresponding sides are proportional.
(vi) Two triangles are similar if their corresponding angles are proportional.
Sol:
(i) False
(ii) True
(iii)False
(iv) False
(v) True
(vi) True

Exercise 4.2

1. In ∆ABC, D and E are points on the sides AB and AC respectively such that DE || BC
(i) If AD = 6 cm, DB = 9 cm and AE = 8 cm, find AC.
𝐴𝐷 3
(ii) If 𝐷𝐵 = 4 and AC = 15 cm, find AE
𝐴𝐷 2
(iii) If 𝐷𝐵 = 3 and AC = 18 cm, find AE
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

(iv) If AD = 4, AE = 8, DB = x – 4, and EC = 3x – 19, find x.

(v) If AD = 8cm, AB = 12 cm and AE = 12 cm, find CE.
(vi) If AD = 4 cm, DB = 4.5 cm and AE = 8 cm, find AC.
(vii) If AD = 2 cm, AB = 6 cm and AC = 9 cm, find AE.
𝐴𝐷 4
(viii) If 𝐵𝐷 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸𝐶 = 2.5 𝑐𝑚, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐸
(ix) If AD = x, DB = x − 2, AE = x + 2 and EC = x − 1, find the value of x.
(x) If AD = 8x − 7, DB = 5x − 3, AE = 4x − 3 and EC = (3x − 1), find the value of x.
(xi) If AD = 4x − 3, AE = 8x – 7, BD = 3x – 1 and CE = 5x − 3, find the volume of x.
(xii) If AD = 2.5 cm, BD = 3.0 cm and AE = 3.75 cm, find the length of AC.
Sol:
(i)
A

B c
We have,
DE || BC
Therefore, by basic proportionally theorem,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
We have 𝐷𝐵 = 𝐸𝐶
6 8
⇒ 9 = 𝐸𝐶
2 8
⇒ 3 = 𝐸𝐶
8×3
⇒ EC = 2
⇒ EC = 12 cm
⇒ Now, AC = AE + EC = 8 + 12 = 20 cm
∴ AC = 20 cm

(ii)

B c
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

We have,
𝐴𝐷 3
= 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝐸 | |𝐵𝐶
𝐷𝐵
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑏𝑦 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚, 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
Adding 1 on both sides, we get
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
+ 1 = 𝐸𝐶 + 1
𝐷𝐵
3 𝐴𝐸+𝐸𝐶
+1=
4 𝐸𝐶
3+4 𝐴𝐶
⇒ = 𝐸𝐶 [∵ AE + EC = AC]
4
7 15
⇒ 4 = 𝐸𝐶
15×4
⇒ EC = 7
60
⇒ EC = 7
Now, AE + EC = AC
60
⇒ AE + = 15
7
60
⇒ AE = 15 − 7
105−60
= 7
45
= 7
= 6.43 cm
∴ AE = 6.43 cm

(iii)
A

B c
We have,
𝐴𝐷 2
= 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝐸 | | 𝐵𝐶
𝐷𝐵
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑏𝑦 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚, 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒,
𝐴𝐷 𝐸𝐶
= 𝐴𝐸
𝐷𝐵
3 𝐸𝐶
⇒ 2 = 𝐴𝐸
Adding 1 on both sides, we get
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

3 𝐸𝐶
+ 1 = 𝐴𝐸 + 1
2
3+2 𝐸𝐶+𝐴𝐸
⇒ =
2 𝐴𝐸
5 𝐴𝐶
⇒ 2 = 𝐴𝐸 [∵ AE + EC = AC]
5 18
⇒ 2 = 𝐴𝐸 [∵ AC = 18]
18×2
⇒ 𝐴𝐸 = 5
36
⇒ 𝐴𝐸 = = 7.2 𝑐𝑚
5
(iv)
A

We have,
DE || BC
Therefore, by basic proportionality theorem, we have,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
4 8
= 3𝑥−19
𝑥−4
⇒ 4(3x – 19) = 8(x – 4)
⇒ 12x – 76 = 8x – 32
⇒ 12x – 8x = −32 + 76
⇒ 4x = 44
44
⇒𝑥= = 11𝑐𝑚
4
∴ x = 11 cm

(v)
A

B c
We have,
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

AD = 8cm, AB = 12 cm
∴ BD = AB – AD
= 12 – 8
⇒ BD = 4 cm
And, DE || BC
Therefore, by basic proportionality theorem, we have,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐵𝐷 𝐶𝐸
8 12
⇒ 4 = 𝐶𝐸
12×4 12
⇒ CE = =
8 2
⇒ CE = 6cm
∴ CE = 6cm

(vi)
A

B c
We have,
DE || BC
Therefore, by basic proportionality theorem, we have,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
4 8
⇒ 4.5 = 𝐸𝐶
8×4.5
⇒ 𝐸𝐶 = 4
⇒ EC = 9cm
Now, AC = AE + EC
=8+9
= 17 cm
∴ AC = 17 cm

(vii)
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

We have,
AD = 2 cm, AB = 6 cm
∴ DB = AB – AD
=6–2
⇒ DB = 4 cm
And, DE || BC
Therefore, by basic proportionality theorem, we have,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
Taking reciprocal on both sides, we get,
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
= 𝐴𝐸
𝐴𝐷
4 𝐸𝐶
= 𝐴𝐸
2
Adding 1 on both sides, we get
4 𝐸𝐶
+ 1 = 𝐴𝐸 + 1
2
4+2 𝐸𝐶+𝐴𝐸
⇒ =
2 𝐴𝐸
6 𝐴𝐶
⇒ 2 = 𝐴𝐸 [∵ EC + AE = AC]
6 9
⇒ 2 = 𝐴𝐸 [∵ AC = 9cm]
9×2
𝐴𝐸 = 6
⇒ 𝐴𝐸 = 3𝑐𝑚

(viii)

25cm

B c
We have, DE || BC
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

Therefore, by basic proportionality theorem,

We have,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐵𝐷 𝐸𝐶
4 𝐴𝐸
⇒ 5 = 2.5
4×2.5
⇒ AE = 5
⇒ AE = 2cm

(ix)

8 c
We have,
DE || BC
Therefore, by basic proportionality theorem,
We have,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
𝑥 𝑥+2
⇒ 𝑥−2 = 𝑥−1
⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 − 1) = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − (2)2 [∵ (a – b) (a + b) = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ]
⇒ −𝑥 = −4
⇒ x = 4 cm
∴ x = 4 cm

(x)
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

8 c
We have,
DE || BC
Therefore, by basic proportionality theorem, we have,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
8𝑥−7 4𝑥−3
⇒ 5𝑥−3 = 3𝑥−1
⇒ (8𝑥 − 7)(3𝑥 − 1) = (4𝑥 − 3)(5𝑥 − 3)
⇒ 24𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 21𝑥 + 7 = 20𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 15𝑥 + 9
⇒ 24𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 2 − 29𝑥 + 27𝑥 + 7 − 9 = 0
⇒ 4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0
⇒ 2[2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1] = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1𝑥 − 1 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + 1(𝑥 − 1) = 0
⇒ (2x + 1) (x – 1) = 0
⇒ 2x + 1 = 0 or x – 1 = 0
1
⇒ x = − 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1
1
𝑥 = − 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒
∴x=1

(xi)
We have, DE || BC
Therefore, by basic proportionality theorem,
We have,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
4𝑥−3 8𝑥−7
⇒ 3𝑥−1 = 5𝑥−3
⇒ (4𝑥 − 3)(5𝑥 − 3) = (8𝑥 − 7)(3𝑥 − 1)
⇒ 4𝑥(5𝑥 − 3) − 3(5𝑥 − 3) = 8𝑥(3𝑥 − 1) − 7(3𝑥 − 1)
⇒ 20𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 15𝑥 + 9 = 24𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 21𝑥 + 7
⇒ 4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

⇒ 2(2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1)= 0
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1𝑥 − 1 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + 1(𝑥 − 1) = 0
⇒ (2x + 1) (x – 1) = 0
⇒ 2x + 1 = 0 or x – 1 = 0
1
⇒ x = − 2 or x = 1
1
x = − 2 is not possible
∴x=1

(xii)
A

B c

We have, DE || BC
Therefore, by basic proportionality theorem, we have,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
2.5 3.75
⇒ 3.0 = 𝐸𝐶
3.75×3 375×3
⇒ 𝐸𝐶 = =
2.5 250
15×3
⇒ EC = 10
45
= 10 = 4.5 𝑐𝑚
Now, AC = AE + EC = 3.75 + 4.5 = 8.25
∴ AC = 8.25 cm

2. In a ∆ABC, D and E are points on the sides AB and AC respectively. For each of the
following cases show that DE || BC:
(i) AB = 2cm, AD = 8cm, AE = 12 cm and AC = l8cm.
(ii) AB = 5.6cm, AD = 1.4cm, AC= 7.2 cm and AE = 1.8 cm.
(iii) AB = 10.8 cm, BD = 4.5 cm, AC = 4.8 cm and AE = 2.8 cm.
(iv) AD = 5.7 cm, BD = 9.5 cm, AE = 3.3 cm and EC = 5.5 cm.
Sol:
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

,.

AB = 12 cm, AD = 12 cm and AC = 18 cm.

∴ DB = AB – AD
= 12 – 8
⇒ DB = 4 cm
And, EC = AC – AE
= 18 – 12
⇒ EC = 6 cm
𝐴𝐷 8 2
Now, 𝐷𝐵 = 4 = 1 [∵ DB = 4 cm]
𝐴𝐸 12 2
And, 𝐸𝐶 = =1 [∵ EC = 6 cm]
6
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
⇒ 𝐷𝐵 = 𝐸𝐶
Thus, DE divides sides AB and AC of ∆ABC in the same ratio.
Therefore, by the converse of basic proportionality theorem,
(ii)
We have, DE || BC

e c
We have,
AB = 5.6 cm, AD = 1.4 cm, AC = 7.2 cm and AE = 1.8 cm
∴ DB = AB – AD
= 5.6 – 1.4
⇒ DB = 4.2 cm
And, EC = AC – AE
= 7.2 – 1.8
⇒ EC = 5.4 cm
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

𝐴𝐷 1.4 1
Now, 𝐷𝐵 = 4.2 = 3 [∵ DB = 4.2 cm]
𝐴𝐸 1.8 1
And, 𝐸𝐶 = 5.4 = 3 [∵ EC = 5.4 cm]
Thus, DE divides sides AB and AC of ∆ABC in the same ratio.
Therefore, by the converse of basic proportionality theorem,

(iii)
We have,
A

B c
We have,
AB = 10.8cm, BD = 4.5cm, AC = 4.8 cm and AE = 2.8cm
∴ AD = AB – DB = 10.8 – 4.5
⇒ AD = 6.3 cm
And, EC = AC – AE
= 4.8 – 2.8
⇒ EC = 2 cm
𝐴𝐷 6.3 7
Now, 𝐷𝐵 = 4.5 = 5 [∵ AD = 6.3 cm]
𝐴𝐸 2.8 28 75
And, 𝐸𝐶 = = 20 = [∵ EC = 2 cm]
2 5
Thus, DE divides sides AB and AC of ∆ABC in the same ratio. Therefore, by the converse
of basic proportionality theorem.

(iv)
A

We have,
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

DE || BC
We have, AD = 5.7 cm, BD = 9.5 cm, AE = 3.3 cm and EC = 5.5 cm
𝐴𝐷 5.7 57
Now 𝐵𝐷 = 9.5 = 95
𝐴𝐷 3
⇒ 𝐵𝐷 = 5
𝐴𝐸 3.3 33
And, 𝐸𝐶 = 5.5 = 55
𝐴𝐸 3
⇒ 𝐸𝐶 = 5
Thus DE divides sides AB and AC of ∆ABC in the same ratio.
Therefore, by the converse of basic proportionality theorem. We have DE || BC

3. In a ∆ABC, P and Q are points on sides AB and AC respectively, such that PQ || BC. If AP
= 2.4 cm, AQ = 2 cm, QC = 3 cm and BC = 6 cm, find AB and PQ.
Sol:

6cm c
We have || BC
Therefore, by BPT
We have,
𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝑄
= 𝑄𝐶
𝑃𝐵
2.4 2
=3
𝑃𝐵
3×2.4 3×24 3×6 18
⇒ PB = = = =
2 2 5 5
⇒ PB = 3.6 cm
Now, AB = AP + PB
= 2.4 + 3.6 = 6cm
Now, In ∆APQ and ∆ABC
∠A = ∠A [common]
∠APQ = ∠ABC [∵ PQ || BC ⇒ Corresponding angles are equal]
⇒ ∆APQ ~ ∆ABC [By AA criteria]
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
⇒ 𝐴𝑃 = 𝑃𝑄 [corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional]
6×2.4
⇒ PQ = 6
⇒ PQ = 2.4 cm
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

Hence, AB = 6 cm and PO = 2.4 cm

4. In a ∆ABC, D and E are points on AB and AC respectively such that DE || BC. If AD =
2.4cm, AE = 3.2 cm, DE = 2cm and BC = 5 cm, find BD and CE.
Sol:
A

8 5cm c
We have,
DE || BC
Now, In ∆ADE and ∆ABC
∠A = ∠A [common]
∠ADE = ∠ABC [∵ DE || BC ⇒ Corresponding angles are equal]
⇒ ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC [By AA criteria]
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐷𝐸 [corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional]
2.4×5
⇒ AB = 2
⇒ AB = 1.2 × 5 = 6.0 cm
⇒ AB = 6 cm
∴ BD = 6 cm
BD = AB – AD
= 6 – 2.4 = 3.6 cm
⇒ DB = 3.6 cm
Now,
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐸
= 𝐷𝐸 [∵ Corresponding sides of similar triangles are equal]
𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐶 3.2
⇒ =
5 2
3.2×5
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = = 1.6 × 5 = 8.0 𝑐𝑚
2
⇒ AC = 8 cm
∴ CE = AC – AE
= 8 – 3.2 = 4.8 cm
Hence, BD = 3.6 cm and CE = 4.8 cm
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

5. In below Fig., state if PQ || EF.

E

Sol:
We have,
DP = 3.9 cm, PE = 3cm, DQ = 3.6 cm and QF = 2.4 cm
𝐷𝑃 3.9 1.3 13
Now, 𝑃𝐸 = = = 10
3 1
𝐷𝑄 3.6 36 3
And, 𝑄𝐹 = 2.4 = 24 = 2
𝐷𝑃 𝐷𝑄
⇒ 𝑃𝐸 ≠ 𝑄𝐹
So, PQ is not parallel to EF

6. M and N are points on the sides PQ and PR respectively of a ∆PQR. For each of the
following cases, state whether MN || QR
(i) PM = 4cm, QM = 4.5 cm, PN = 4 cm and NR = 4.5 cm
Sol:
p

Q R

(i) We have, PM = 4cm, QM = 4.5 cm, PN = 4 cm and NR = 4.5 cm

𝑃𝑀 4 8
Hence, 𝑄𝑀 = 4.5 = 9
𝑃𝑁 4 8
Also, 𝑁𝑅 = 4.5 = 9
𝑃𝑀 𝑃𝑁
Hence, 𝑄𝑀 = 𝑁𝑅
By converse of proportionality theorem
MN || QR
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

7. In three line segments OA, OB, and OC, points L, M, N respectively are so chosen that LM
|| AB and MN || BC but neither of L, M, N nor of A, B, C are collinear. Show that LN ||AC.
Sol:
0

We have,
LM || AB and MN || BC
Therefore, by basic proportionality theorem,
We have,
𝑄𝐿 𝑂𝑀
= 𝑀𝐵 …(i)
𝐴𝐿
𝑂𝑁 𝑂𝑀
𝑎𝑛𝑑, 𝑁𝐶 = 𝑀𝐵 …(ii)
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖𝑖), 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡,
𝑂𝑁 𝑂𝑁
=
𝐴𝐿 𝑁𝐶
Thus, LN divides sides OA and OC of ∆OAC in the same ratio. Therefore, by the converse
of basic proportionality theorem,
we have, LN || AC

8. If D and E are points on sides AB and AC respectively of a ∆ABC such that DE || BC and
BD = CE. Prove that ∆ABC is isosceles.
Sol:
A

B c
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

We have, DE || BC
Therefore, by BPT, we have,
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
= 𝐸𝐶
𝐷𝐵
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
⇒ 𝐷𝐵 = 𝐷𝐵 [∵BD = CE]
⇒ AD = AE
Adding DB on both sides
⇒ AD + DB = AE + DB
⇒ AD + DB = AE + EC [∴ BD = CE]
⇒ AB = AC
⇒ ∆ ABC is isosceles

Exercise 4.3

1. In a ∆ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A, meeting side BC at D.

(i) If BD = 2.5cm, AB = 5cm and AC = 4.2cm, find DC.
(ii) If BD = 2cm, AB = 5cm and DC = 3cm, find AC.
(iii) If AB = 3.5 cm, AC = 4.2 cm and DC = 2.8 cm, find BD.
(iv) If AB = lo cm, AC =14 cm and BC =6 cm, find BD and DC.
(v) If AC = 4.2 cm, DC = 6 cm and 10 cm, find AB
(vi) If AB = 5.6 cm, AC = 6cm and DC = 3cm, find BC.
(vii) If AD = 5.6 cm, BC = 6cm and BD = 3.2 cm, find AC.
(viii) If AB = 10cm, AC = 6 cm and BC = 12 cm, find BD and DC.
Sol:
(i)
A

B 0 c
We have,
∠BAD = ∠CAD
We know that, the internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side
internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle.
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐵
∴ 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶
2.5 5
⇒ 𝐷𝐶 = 4.2
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

2.5×4.2
⇒ 𝐷𝐶 = 5
25×42 5×42 210
= 5×100 = = 100 = 2.1 𝑐𝑚
100
∴ DC = 2.1 cm
(ii)

We have,
AD is the bisector of ∠A
We know that, the internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite
side internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle.
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐵
∴ =
𝐷𝐶 𝐴𝐶
2 5
⇒ 3 = 𝐴𝐶
5×3 15
⇒ AC = =
2 2
⇒ AC = 7.5 cm

(iii)

In ∆ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A.

We know that, the internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the
opposite side internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle.
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐵
∴ 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶
𝐵𝐷 3.5
⇒ 2.8 = 4.2
3.5×2
= 3
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

7
= 3 = 2.33 𝑐𝑚
∴ 𝐵𝐷 = 2.3 𝑐𝑚

(iv)

In ∆ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A

We know that, the internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side
internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle.
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐵
∴ 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶
𝑥 10
⇒ 6−𝑥 = 14
⇒ 14x = 10(6 – x)
⇒ 24x = 60
60 5
⇒ 𝑥 = 24 = 2 = 2.5𝑐𝑚
Since, DC = 6 – x = 6 – 2.5 = 3.5 cm
Hence, BD = 2.5cm, and DC = 3.5 cm

(v)

We have,
BC = 10 cm, DC = 6 cm and AC = 4.2 cm
∴ BD = BC – DC = 10 – 6 = 4 cm
⇒ BD = 4 cm
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

In ∆ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A.

We know that, the internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite
side internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle.
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐵
∴ 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶
4 𝐴𝐵
⇒ 6 = 4.2 [∵ BD = 4 cm]
⇒ AB = 2.8 cm
(vi)

8 c
We have, In ∆ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A.
We know that, the internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite
side internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle.
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐵
∴ 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶
𝐵𝐷 5.6
⇒ =
3 6
5.6×3 5.6
⇒ BD = = = 2.8𝑐𝑚
6 2
⇒ BD = 2.8 cm
Since, BC = BD + DC
= 2.8 + 3
= 5.8 cm
∴ BC = 5.8 cm
(vii)
A

6cm

We have,
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

In ∆ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A.

We know that, the internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite
side internally in the ratio of the containing the angle.
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
∴ 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐷𝐶
5.6 3.2
= 6−3.2 [∵ DC = BC – BD]
𝐴𝐶
5.6 3.2
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = 2.8
5.6 ×2.8
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = 3.2
5.6×7
= = 0.7 × 7
8
= 4.9 𝑐𝑚
(viii)

10""

. . ....
,2 ...

In ∆ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A.

We know that, the internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite
side internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle.
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐵
∴ 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶
𝑥 10
⇒ 12−𝑧 = 6
⇒ 6x = 10(12 – x)
⇒ 6x = 120
120
⇒𝑥= = 7.5 𝑐𝑚
16
∴ BD = 7.5 cm and DC = 12 – x = 12 – 7.5 = 4.5 cm
Hence, BD = 7.5 cm and DC = 4.5 cm

2. In Fig. 4.57, AE is the bisector of the exterior ∠CAD meeting BC produced in E. If AB =

10cm, AC = 6cm and BC = 12 cm, find CE.
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

B 12cm C xcm

Fig. 4.57
Sol:
In ∆ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠A.
We know that, the internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side
internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle.
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐵 𝑥 10
∴ 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 ⇒ 12−𝑥 = 6
⇒ 6(12 + x) = 10x
⇒ 72 + 6x = 10x
⇒ 4x – 72
72
⇒x= = 18 𝑐𝑚
4
∴ CE = 18 cm

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
3. In Fig. 4.58, ∆ABC is a triangle such that 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐷𝐶 , ∠𝐵 = 70°, ∠𝐶 = 50°. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷.
A

B D c
Fig. 4.58

Sol:
We have, if a line through one vertex of a triangle divides the opposite side in the ratio of
the other two sides, then the line bisects the angle at the vertex.
∴ ∠1 = ∠2
In ∆ABC
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
⇒ ∠A + 70 ° + 50° = 180° [∵ ∠B = 70° and ∠C = 50°]
⇒ ∠A = 180° − 120° = 60°
⇒ ∠1 + ∠2 = 60°
⇒ ∠1 + ∠1 = 60° [∵ ∠1 = ∠2]
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

⇒ 2∠1 = 60°
⇒ ∠1 = 30°
∴ ∠BAD = 30°

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
4. In ∆ABC (Fig., 4.59), if ∠1 = ∠2, prove that 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐷𝐶 .
A

B D c
Fig. 4.59
Sol:
,..
E

,.u
I
\
\
I \
I

Given: A ∆ABC in which ∠1 = ∠2

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
To prove: 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐷𝐶
Construction: Draw CE || DA to meet BA produced in E.
Proof: since, CE || DA and AC cuts them.
∴ ∠2 − ∠3 …. (i) [Alternate angles]
And, ∠1 − ∠4 ….(ii) [Corresponding angles]
But, ∠1 − ∠2 [Given]
From (i) and (ii), we get
∠3 − ∠4
Thus, in ∆ACE, we have
∠3 = ∠4
⇒ AE = AC … (iii) [Sides opposite to equal angles are equal]
Now, In ∆BCE, we have
DA || CE
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

𝐵𝐷 𝐵𝐴
⇒ 𝑫𝑪 = 𝑨𝑬 [Using basic proportionality theorem]
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐵
⇒ 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 [∵ BA – AB and AE – AC from (iii)]
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
Hence, 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐷𝐶

5. D, E and F are the points on sides BC, CA and AB respectively of ∆ABC such that AD
bisects ∠A, BE bisects ∠B and CF bisects ∠C. If AB = 5 cm, BC = 8 cm and CA = 4 cm,
determine AP, CE and BD.
Sol:

8cm

In ∆ABC, CF bisects ∠C.

We know that, the internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side
internally in the ratio of the sides containing the angle.
𝐴𝐹 𝐴𝐶
∴ 𝐹𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐹 4
⇒ 5−𝐴𝐹 = 8 [∵ FB = AB – AF = 5 – AF]
𝐴𝐹 1
⇒ 5−𝐴𝐹 = 2
⇒ 2AF = 5 – AF
⇒ 2AF + AF = 5
⇒ 3AF = 5
5
⇒ AF = 3 cm
Again, In ∆ABC, BE bisects ∠B.
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐵
∴ 𝐸𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶
4−𝐶𝐸 5
⇒ =8 [∵ AE = AC – CE = 4 – CE]
𝐶𝐸
⇒ 8(4 − 𝐶𝐸) = 5 × 𝐶𝐸
⇒ 32 – 8CE = 5CE
⇒ 32 = 13CE
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

32
⇒ CE = 13 cm
Similarly,
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐷
=
𝐷𝐶 𝐴𝐶
𝐵𝐷 5
⇒ 8−𝐵𝐷 = 4 [∵ DC = BC – BD = 8 – BD]
⇒ 4BD = 40 – 5BD
⇒ 9BD = 40
40
⇒ BD = cm
9
5 32 40
Hence, AF = 3 𝑐𝑚, CE = 13 cm and BD = cm.
9

6. In fig., 4.60, check whether AD is the bisector of ∠A of ∆ABC in each of the following:

B D c
Fig. 4.60

(i) AB = 5cm, AC = 10cm, BD = 1.5 cm and CD = 3.5 cm

(ii) AB = 4 cm, AC = 6 cm, BD = 1.6 cm and CD = 2.4 cm
(iii) AB = 8 cm, AC = 24 cm, BD = 6 cm and BC = 24cm
(iv) AB = 6 cm, AC = 8cm, BD = l.5 cm and CD= 2 cm.
(v) AB = 5 cm, AC = l2 cm, BD = 2.5 cm and BC = 9cm
Sol:
Now,
𝐵𝐷 1.5 3
= 3.5 = 7
𝐶𝐷
𝐴𝐵 5 1
And, 𝐴𝐶 = 10 = 2
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐵
⇒ 𝐶𝐷 ≠ 𝐴𝐶
⇒ AD is not the bisector of ∠A.
Now,
𝐴𝐵 4 2
=6=3
𝐴𝐶
𝐵𝐷 1.6 2
And, 𝐶𝐷 = 2.4 = 3
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐶𝐷
⇒ AD is the bisector of ∠A.
𝐴𝐵 8 1
Now, 𝐴𝐶 = 24 = 3
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

𝐵𝐷 𝐵𝐷
And, 𝐶𝐷 = 𝐵𝐶−𝐵𝐷 [∵ CD = BC – BD]
𝐵𝐷
= 24−6
6
= 18
1
=3
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
∴ 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐶𝐷
∴ 𝐴𝐷 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ∠𝐴 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶.
𝐴𝐵 6 3
=8=4
𝐴𝐶
𝐵𝐷 2.5
And, = [∵ CD = BC – BD]
𝐶𝐷 𝐵𝐶−𝐵𝐷
2.5
= 9−2.5
2.5
= 6.5
1
=3
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
∴ 𝐴𝐶 ≠ 𝐶𝐷
∴ AD is not the bisector of ∠A of ∆ABC.

Exercise 4.4

1. (i) In below fig., If AB || CD, find the value of x.

Sol:
Since diagonals of a trapezium divide each other proportionally.
𝐴𝑂 𝐵𝑂
∴ 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑂𝐷
4 𝑥+1
⇒ 4𝑥−2 = 2𝑥+4
⇒ 4(2𝑥 + 4) = (𝑥 + 1)(4𝑥 − 2)
⇒ 8x + 16 = x(4x – 2) +1(4x – 2)
⇒ 8x + 16 = 4x2 + 2x – 2
⇒ 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8𝑥 − 2 − 16 = 0
⇒ 4𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 18 = 0
⇒ 2[2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 9] = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 9 = 0
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

⇒ 2𝑥(𝑥 − 3) + 3(𝑥 − 3) = 0
⇒ (𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥 + 3) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 − 3 = 0 or 2𝑥 + 3 = 0
3
⇒ 𝑥 = 3 or 𝑥 = − 2
3
⇒ x = 3 or 𝑥 = − 2
3 3 1
𝑥 = − 2 is not possible, because OB = x + 1 = − 2 + 1 = − 2
Length cannot be negative
𝐴𝑂 𝐵𝑂
∴ 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑂𝐷

(ii) In the below fig., If AB || CD, find the value of x.

3𝑥−1 2𝑥+1
⇒ 5𝑥−3 = 6𝑥−5
⇒ (3x – 1) (6x – 5) = (2x + 1) (5x – 3)
⇒ 3x (6x – 5) – 1(6x – 5) = 2x (5x – 3) + 1 (5x – 3)
⇒ 18𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 5 = 10𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 3
⇒ 8𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 8 = 0
⇒ 4(2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2) = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 1𝑥 + 2 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥(𝑥 − 2) − 1(𝑥 − 2) = 0
⇒ (2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
⇒ 2x – 1 = 0 or x – 2 = 0
1
⇒ 𝑥 = 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 2
1
𝑥 = 2 is not possible, because, OC = 5x – 3
1
= 5 (2) − 3
5−6 1
= = −2
2

(iii) In below fig., AB || CD. If OA = 3x – 19, OB = x – 4, OC = x – 3 and OD = 4, find x.

Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

B
Since diagonals of a trapezium divide each other proportionally.
𝐴𝑂 𝐵𝑂
∴ 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑂𝐷
3𝑥−19 𝑥−4
⇒ =
𝑥−3 4
⇒ 4(3𝑥 − 19) = (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 3)
⇒ 12x – 76 = x (x – 3) −4(x – 3)
⇒ 12𝑥 − 76 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 12
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 12 + 76 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 19𝑥 + 88 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 11𝑧 − 8𝑧 + 88 = 0
⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 − 11) − 8(𝑥 − 11) = 0
⇒ (𝑥 − 11)(𝑥 − 8) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 − 11 = 0 or x – 8 = 0
⇒ x = 11 or x = 8

Exercise 4.5

1. In fig. 4.136, ∆ACB ~ ∆APQ. If BC = 8 cm, PQ = 4 cm, BA = 6.5 cm and AP = 2.8 cm, find
CA and AQ.
p

c
Fig. 4.136

Sol:
Given ∆ACB ~ ∆APQ
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵
Then, 𝐴𝑃 = 𝑃𝑄 = 𝐴𝑄 [corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝐴𝐶 8 6.5
⇒ 2.8 = 4 = 𝐴𝑄
𝐴𝐶 8 8 6.5
⇒ 2.8 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 − 𝐴𝑄
8 4
⇒ AC = 4 × 2.8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝑄 = 6.5 × 8
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

⇒ AC = 5.6 cm and AQ = 3.25 cm

2. A vertical stick 10 cm long casts a shadow 8 cm long. At the same time a shadow 30 m
long. Determine the height of the tower.
Sol:
A

I
p

10 cm
,.....
lb<k
""'
j
8 acm c
0
>Om
•
Length of stick = 10 cm
Length of shadow of stick = 8 cm
Length of shadow of tower = h cm
In ∆ABC and ∆PQR
∠B = ∠Q = 90°
And, ∠C = ∠R [Angular elevation of sun]
Then, ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
∴ 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑄𝑅
10𝑐𝑚 ℎ 𝑐𝑚
⇒ = 3000
8 𝑐𝑚
10
⇒ℎ= × 3000 = 3750 𝑐𝑚 = 37.5 𝑚
8

3. In Fig. 4.137, AB || QR. Find the length of PB.

p

0 9cm R

F,g. 4.137

Sol:
We have, ∆PAB and ∆PQR
∠P = ∠P [common]
∠PAB = ∠PQR [corresponding angles]
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

Then, ∆PAB ~ ∆PQR [By AA similarity]

𝑃𝐵 𝐴𝐵
∴ 𝑃𝑅 = 𝑄𝑅 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆are proportional]
𝑃𝐵 3
⇒ =9
6
3
⇒ PB = 9 × 6 = 2 𝑐𝑚

4. In fig. 4.138, XY || BC. Find the length of XY

A

B 6cm c
Fig. 4.138

Sol:
We have, XY || BC
In ∆AXY and ∆ABC
∠A = ∠A [common]
∠AXY = ∠ABC [corresponding angles]
Then, ∆AXY ~ ∆ABC [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝑋 𝑋𝑌
∴ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
1 𝑋𝑌
⇒4= 6
6
⇒ XY = 4 = 1.5𝑐𝑚

5. In a right angled triangle with sides a and b and hypotenuse c, the altitude drawn on the
hypotenuse is x. Prove that ab = cx.
Sol:
We have: ∠C = 90° and CD ⊥ AB
A

lb

l c
----·---- -
In ∆ACB and ∆CDB
B
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

∠B = ∠B [common]
∠ACB = ∠CDB [Each 90°]
Then, ∆ACB ~ ∆CDB [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵
∴ 𝐶𝐷 = [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝐶𝐵
𝑏 𝑐
⇒𝑥=𝑎
⇒ ab = cx

6. In Fig. 4.139, ∠ABC = 90° and BD ⊥ AC. If BD = 8 cm and AD = 4 cm, find CD.
A

Sol:
We have, ∠ABC = 90° and BD ⊥ AC
Now, ∠ABD + ∠DBC − 90° …(i) [∵ ∠ABC − 90°]
And, ∠C + ∠DBC − 90° …(ii) [By angle sum prop. in ∆BCD]
Compare equations (i) & (ii)
∠ABD = ∠C …(iii)
In ∆ABD and ∆BCD
∠ABD = ∠C [From (iii)]
∠ADB = ∠BDC [Each 90°]
Then, ∆ABD ~ ∆BCD [By AA similarity]
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐷
∴ 𝐶𝐷 = 𝐵𝐷 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
8 4
⇒ 𝐶𝐷 = 8
8×8
⇒ CD = = 16 𝑐𝑚
4

7. In Fig. 4.14, ∠ABC = 90° and BD ⊥ AC. If AB = 5.7 cm, BD = 3.8 cm and CD = 5.4 cm,
find BC.
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

Fig.4.140
Sol:
We have, ∠ABC = 90° and BD ⊥ AC
In ∆ABC and ∆BDC
∠ABC = ∠BDC [Each 90°]
∠C = ∠C [Common]
Then, ∆ABC ~ ∆BDC [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
∴ 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐷𝐶 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
5.7 𝐵𝐶
⇒ 3.8 = 5.4
5.7
⇒ BC = 3.8 × 8.1 𝑐𝑚

8. In Fig. 4.141, DE || BC such that AE = (1/4) AC. If AB = 6 cm, find AD.

A

e
A!, 4.141
Sol:
1
We have, DE || BC, AB = 6 cm and AE = 4 𝐴𝐶
In ∆ADE and ∆ABC
∠A = ∠A [Common]
∠ADE = ∠ABC [Corresponding angles]
Then, ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
1
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐶 1
4
⇒ = [∵ AE = 4 𝐴𝐶 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛]
6 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐷 1
⇒ =4
6
6
⇒ AD = 4 = 1.5 cm
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

1 1 1
9. In fig., 4.142, PA, QB and RC are each perpendicular to AC. Prove that 𝑥 + 𝑧 + 𝑦

A 8

Flg.4.142
Sol:
We have, PA ⊥ AC, QB ⊥ AC and RC ⊥ AC
Let, AB = a and BC = b
In ∆CQB and ∆CPA
∠QCB = ∠PCA [Common]
∠QBC = ∠PAC [Each 90°]
Then, ∆CQB ~ ∆CPA [By AA similarity]
𝑄𝐵 𝐶𝐵
∴ 𝑃𝐴 = 𝐶𝐴 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝑦 𝑏
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑎+𝑏 ….(i)
In ∆ AQB and ∆ARC
∠QAB = ∠RAC [common]
∠ABQ = ∠ ACR [Each 90°]
Then, ∆AQB ~ ∆ARC [By AA similarity]
𝑄𝐵 𝐴𝐵
∴ 𝑅𝐶 = [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝐴𝐶
𝑦 𝑎
⇒ 𝑧 = 𝑎+𝑏 ….(ii)
Adding equations (i) & (ii)
𝑦 𝑦 𝑏 𝑎
+ 𝑧 = 𝑎+𝑏 + 𝑎+𝑏
𝑥
1 1 𝑏+𝑎
⇒ 𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑧) = 𝑎+𝑏
1 1
⇒ y(𝑥 + 𝑧) = 1
1 1 1
⇒𝑥+𝑧 =𝑦

10. In below fig., ∠A = ∠CED, Prove that ∆CAB ~ ∆CED. Also, find the value of x.
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

0
,,
8cm�t

10cm

x t
E
2cm
«--������----'

Sol:
We have, ∠A = ∠CED
In ∆CAB and ∆CED
∠C = ∠C [Common]
∠A = ∠CED [Given]
Then, ∆CAB ~ ∆CED [By AA similarity]
𝐶𝐴 𝐴𝐵
∴ 𝐶𝐸 = 𝐸𝐷 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
15 9
⇒ 10 = 𝑥
10×9
⇒𝑥= = 6 𝑐𝑚
15

11. The perimeters of two similar triangles are 25 cm and 15 cm respectively. If one side of
first triangle is 9 cm, what is the corresponding side of the other triangle?
Sol:
Assume ABC and PQR to be 2 triangles
We have,
∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
Perimeter of ∆ ABC = 25 cm
Perimeter of ∆ PQR = 15 cm
AB = 9 cm
PQ = ?
Since, ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
Then, ratio of perimeter of triangles = ratio of corresponding sides
25 𝐴𝐵
⇒ 12 = 𝑃𝑄
25 9
⇒ 15 = 𝑃𝑄
15×9
⇒ PQ = = 5.4 𝑐𝑚
25

12. In ∆ABC and ∆DEF, it is being given that: AB = 5 cm, BC = 4 cm and CA = 4.2 cm;
DE=10cm, EF = 8 cm and FD = 8.4 cm. If AL ⊥ BC and DM ⊥ EF, find AL: DM.
Sol:
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

A 0

42cm 10cm

8 L c E M F
�����4cm ���-a• �����8cm ���-a•
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶 1
Since, 𝐷𝐸 = 𝐸𝐹 = 𝐷𝐸 = 2
Then, ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF [By SSS similarity]
Now, In ∆ABL ~ ∆DEM
∠B = ∠E [∆ ABC ~ ∆DEF]
∠ALB = ∠DME [Each 90°]
Then, ∆ABL ~ ∆DEM [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐿
∴ 𝐷𝐸 = 𝐷𝑀 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
5 𝐴𝐿
⇒ 10 = 𝐷𝑀
1 𝐴𝐿
⇒ 2 = 𝐷𝑀

13. D and E are the points on the sides AB and AC respectively of a ∆ABC such that: AD = 8
cm, DB = 12 cm, AE = 6 cm and CE = 9 cm. Prove that BC = 5/2 DE.
Sol:
A

B c
We have,
𝐴𝐷 8 2
= 12 = 3
𝐷𝐵
𝐴𝐸 6 2
And, 𝐸𝐶 = 9 = 3
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
Since, 𝐷𝐵 = 𝐸𝐶
Then, by converse of basic proportionality theorem
DE || BC
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

In ∆ADE and ∆ABC

∠A = ∠A [Common]
∠ADE = ∠B [Corresponding angles]
Then, ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐷 𝐷𝐸
∴ 𝐴𝐵 = [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝐵𝐶
8 𝐷𝐸
⇒ 20 = 𝐵𝐶
2 𝐷𝐸
⇒5= 𝐵𝐶
5
⇒ BC = 2 DE

14. D is the mid-point of side BC of a ∆ABC. AD is bisected at the point E and BE produced
cuts AC at the point X. Prove that BE : EX = 3 : 1
Sol:
A

8 D c
Given: In ∆ABC, D is the mid-point of BC and E is the mid-point of AD.
To prove: BE : EX = 3 : 1
Const: Through D, draw DF || BX
Proof: In ∆EAX and ∆ADF
∠EAX = ∠ADF [Common]
∠AXE = ∠DAF [Corresponding angles]
Then, ∆AEX ~ ∆ADF [By AA similarity]
𝐸𝑋 𝐴𝐸
∴ 𝐷𝐹 = 𝐴𝐷 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝐸𝑋 𝐴𝐸
⇒ 𝐷𝐹 = 2𝐴𝐸 [AE = ED given]
⇒ DF = 2EX …. (i)
In ∆CDF and ∆CBX [By AA similarity]
𝐶𝐷 𝐷𝐹
∴ 𝐶𝐵 = 𝐵𝑋 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
1 𝐷𝐹
⇒ 2 = 𝐵𝐸+𝐸𝑋 [BD = DC given]
⇒ BE + EX = 2DF
⇒ BE + EX = 4EX
⇒ BE = 4EX – EX [By using (i)]
⇒ BE = 4EX – EX
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

𝐵𝐸 3
⇒ 𝐸𝑋 = 1

15. ABCD is a parallelogram and APQ is a straight line meeting BC at P and DC produced at
Q. Prove that the rectangle obtained by BP and DQ is equal to the AB and BC.
Sol:
A

0
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram
To prove: BP × DQ = AB × BC
Proof: In ∆ABP and ∆QDA
∠B = ∠D [Opposite angles of parallelogram]
∠BAP = ∠AQD [Alternate interior angles]
Then, ∆ABP ~ ∆QDA [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝑃
∴ 𝑄𝐷 = 𝐷𝐴 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
But, DA = BC [Opposite sides of parallelogram]
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝑃
Then, 𝑄𝐷 = 𝐵𝐶
⇒ AB × BC = QD × BP

16. In ∆ABC, AL and CM are the perpendiculars from the vertices A and C to BC and AB
respectively. If AL and CM intersect at O, prove that:
(i) ∆ OMA and ∆OLC
𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝑀
(ii) =
𝑂𝐶 𝑂𝐿
Sol:
8

A c
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

We have,
AL ⊥ BC and CM ⊥ AB
In ∆ OMA and ∆OLC
∠MOA = ∠LOC [Vertically opposite angles]
∠AMO = ∠CLO [Each 90°]
Then, ∆OMA ~ ∆OLC [By AA similarity]
𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝑀
∴ 𝑂𝐶 = [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝑂𝐿

17. In Fig below we have AB || CD || EF. If AB = 6 cm, CD = x cm, EF = 10 cm, BD = 4 cm

and DE = y cm, calculate the values of x and y.
F

Sol:
We have AB || CD || EF. If AB = 6 cm, CD = x cm, EF = 10 cm, BD = 4 cm and DE = y cm
In ∆ECD and ∆EAB
∠CED = ∠AEB [common]
∠ECD = ∠EAB [corresponding angles]
Then, ∆ECD ~ ∆EAB ….(i) [By AA similarity]
𝐸𝐶 𝐶𝐷
∴ 𝐸𝐴 = 𝐴𝐵 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝐸𝐶 𝑥
⇒ 𝐸𝐴 = 6 ….(ii)
In ∆ACD and ∆AEF
∠CAD = ∠EAF [common]
∠ACD = ∠AEF [corresponding angles]
Then, ∆ACD ~ ∆AEF [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝐷
∴ 𝐴𝐸 = 𝐸𝐹
𝐴𝐶 𝑥
⇒ = …(iii)
𝐴𝐸 10
Add equations (iii) & (ii)
𝐸𝐶 𝐴𝐶 𝑥 𝑥
∴ 𝐸𝐴 + 𝐴𝐸 = 6 + 10
𝐴𝐸 5𝑥+3𝑥
⇒ 𝐴𝐸 = 30
8𝑥
⇒ 1 = 30
30
⇒𝑥= = 3.75 cm
8
𝐷𝐶 𝐸𝐷
From (i) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐸
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

3.75 𝑦
⇒ = 𝑦+4
6
⇒ 6y = 3.75y + 15
⇒ 2.25y = 15
15
⇒ 𝑦 = 2.25 = 6.67 𝑐𝑚

18. ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AD = BC. If P, Q, R, S be the mid-points of AB, AC, CD

and BD respectively, show that PQRS is a rhombus.
Sol:

AD = BC and P, Q, R and S are the mid-points of sides AB, AC, CD and BD respectively,
show that PQRS is a rhombus.
In ∆BAD, by mid-point theorem
1
PS || AD and PS = 2 AD …(i)
In ∆CAD, by mid-point theorem
1
QR || AD and QR = 2 𝐴𝐷 …(ii)
Compare (i) and (ii)
PS || QR and PS = QR
Since one pair of opposite sides is equal as well as parallel then
PQRS is a parallelogram ...(iii)
Now, In ∆ABC, by mid-point theorem
1
PQ || BC and PQ = 2 BC …(iv)
And, AD = BC …(v) [given]
Compare equations (i) (iv) and (v)
PS = PQ …(vi)
From (iii) and (vi)
Since, PQRS is a parallelogram with PS = PQ then PQRS is a rhombus

19. In Fig. below, if AB ⊥ BC, DC ⊥ BC and DE ⊥ AC, Prove that ∆ CED ~ ABC.
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

/1

B c
Sol:
Given: AB ⊥ BC, DC ⊥ BC and DE ⊥ AC
To prove: ∆CED ~ ∆ABC
Proof:
∠BAC + ∠BCA = 90° …(i) [By angle sum property]
And, ∠BCA + ∠ECD = 90° …(ii) [DC ⊥ BC given]
Compare equation (i) and (ii)
∠BAC = ∠ECD …(iii)
In ∆CED and ∆ABC
∠CED = ∠ABC [Each 90°]
∠ECD = ∠BAC [From (iii)]
Then, ∆CED ~ ∆ABC [By AA similarity]

20. In an isosceles ∆ABC, the base AB is produced both the ways to P and Q such that AP ×
BQ = AC2. Prove that ∆APC ~ ∆BCQ.
Sol:

A
• 0

Given: In ∆ABC, CA = CB and AP × BQ = AC2

To prove: ∆APC ~ ∆BCQ
Proof:
AP × BQ = AC2 [Given]
⇒ AP × BQ = AC × AC
⇒ AP × BQ = AC × BC [AC = BC given]
𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝐶
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐵𝑄 …(i)
Since, CA = CB [Given]
Then, ∠CAB = ∠CBA …(ii) [Opposite angles to equal sides]
Now, ∠CAB + ∠CAP = 180° …(iii) [Linear pair of angles]
And, ∠CBA + ∠CBQ = 180° …(iv) [Linear pair of angles]
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

Compare equation (ii) (iii) & (iv)

∠CAP = ∠CBQ …(v)
In ∆APC and ∆BCQ
∠CAP = ∠CBQ [From (v)]
𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝐶
= 𝐵𝑄 [From (i)]
𝐵𝐶
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛, ∆𝐴𝑃𝐶~∆𝐵𝐶𝑄 [By SAS similarity]

21. A girl of height 90 cm is walking away from the base of a lamp-post at a speed of 1.2m/sec.
If the lamp is 3.6 m above the ground, find the length of her shadow after 4 seconds.
Sol:
p

Lamp-post
36m

A c 0
We have,
Height of girl = 90 cm = 0.9 m
Height of lamp-post = 3.6 m
Speed of girl = 1.2 m/sec
∴ Distance moved by girl (CQ) = Speed × Time
= 1.2 × 4 = 4.8m
Let length of shadow (AC) = x cm
In ∆ABC and ∆APQ
∠ACB = ∠AQP [Each 90°]
∠BAC = ∠PAQ [Common]
Then, ∆AB ~ ∆APQ [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
∴ 𝐴𝑄 = 𝑃𝑄 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝑥 0.9
⇒ = 3.6
𝑥+4.8
𝑥 1
⇒ 𝑥+4.8 = 4
⇒ 4x = x + 4.8
⇒ 4x – x = 4.8
⇒ 3x = 4.8
4.8
⇒x= = 1.6 𝑚
3
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

∴ Length of shadow = 1.6m

22. Diagonals AC and BD of a trapezium ABCD with AB || DC intersect each other at the
𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝐵
point O. Using similarity criterion for two triangles, show that 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑂𝐷.
Sol:

We have,
ABCD is a trapezium with AB || DC
In ∆AOB and ∆COD
∠AOB = ∠COD [Vertically opposite angles]
∠OAB = ∠OCD [Alternate interior angles]
Then, ∆AOB ~ ∆COD [By AA similarity]
𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝐵
∴ 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑂𝐷 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]

23. If ∆ABC and ∆AMP are two right triangles, right angled at B and M respectively such that
∠MAP = ∠BAC. Prove that
(i) ∆ABC ~ ∆AMP
𝐶𝐴 𝐵𝐶
(ii) = 𝑀𝑃
𝑃𝐴
Sol:
(

\ p

We have,
∠B = ∠M = 90°
And, ∠BAC = ∠MAP
In ∆ABC and ∆AMP
∠B = ∠M [Each 90°]
∠BAC = ∠MAP [Given]
Then, ∆ABC ~ ∆AMP [By AA similarity]
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

𝐶𝐴 𝐵𝐶
∴ 𝑃𝐴 = 𝑀𝑃 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]

24. A vertical stick of length 6 m casts a shadow 4 m long on the ground and at the same time a
tower casts a shadow 28 m long. Find the height of the tower.
Sol:
\

Let AB be a tower
CD be a stick, CD = 6m
Shadow of AB is BE = 28m
Shadow of CD is DF = 4m
At same time light rays from sun will fall on tower and stick at same angle.
So, ∠DCF = ∠BAE
And ∠DFC = ∠BEA
∠CDF = ∠ABE (tower and stick are vertical to ground)
Therefore ∆ ABE ~ ∆CDF (By AA similarity)
So,
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐸
= 𝐷𝐹
𝐶𝐷
𝐴𝐵 28
=
6 4
6
AB = 28 × 4 = 42𝑚
So, height of tower will be 42 metres.

25. In below Fig., ∆ABC is right angled at C and DE ⊥ AB. Prove that ∆ABC ~ ∆ADE and
Hence find the lengths of AE and DE.
A

�
:icm

t
•
D
2cm
!
Sol:
In ∆ACB, by Pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 2 = (5)2 + (12)2
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

⇒ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 25 + 144 = 169
⇒ AB = √169 = 13 𝑐𝑚
In ∆AED and ∆ACB
∠A = ∠A [Common]
∠AED = ∠ACB [Each 90°]
Then, ∆AED ~ ∆ACB [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐸 𝐷𝐸 𝐴𝐷
∴ 𝐴𝐶 = = 𝐴𝐵 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝐶𝐵
𝐴𝐸 𝐷𝐸 3
⇒ = = 13
5 12
𝐴𝐸 3 𝐷𝐸 3
⇒ = 13 and 12 = 13
5
15 36
⇒ AE = 13 cm and DE = 13 cm

Exercise 4.6

1. Triangles ABC and DEF are similar

(i) If area (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) = 16𝑐𝑚2 , area (∆𝐷𝐸𝐹) = 25 𝑐𝑚2 and BC = 2.3 cm, find EF.
(ii) If area (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) = 9𝑐𝑚2 , area (∆𝐷𝐸𝐹) = 64 𝑐𝑚2 and DE = 5.1 cm, find AB.
(iii)If AC = 19cm and DF = 8 cm, find the ratio of the area of two triangles.
(iv) If area (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) = 36𝑐𝑚2 , area (∆𝐷𝐸𝐹) = 64 𝑐𝑚2 and DE = 6.2 cm, find AB.
(v) If AB = 1.2 cm and DE = 1.4 cm, find the ratio of the areas of ∆ABC and ∆DEF.
Sol:
(i)
We have,
∆ABC ~∆DEF
Area (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) = 16 𝑐𝑚2 ,
Area (∆𝐷𝐸𝐹) = 25 𝑐𝑚2
And BC = 2.3 cm
Since, ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐵𝐶 2
Then, 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆ 𝐷𝐸𝐹) = 𝐸𝐹2 [By area of similar triangle theorem]
16 (2.3)2
⇒ 25 = 𝐸𝐹2
4 2.3
⇒5= [By taking square root]
𝐸𝐹
11.5
⇒ EF = = 2.875 𝑐𝑚
4
(ii)
We have,
∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
Area(∆ABC) = 9 cm2
Area (∆DEF) = 64 cm2
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

And DE = 5.1 cm
Since, ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝐵2
Then, 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐷𝐸𝐹) = 𝐷𝐸2 [By area of similar triangle theorem]
9 𝐴𝐵2
⇒ 64 = (5.1)2
3 𝐴𝐵
⇒ 8 = 5.1 [By taking square root]
3×5.1
⇒ AB = = 1.9125 𝑐𝑚
8
(iii)
We have,
∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
AC = 19 cm and DF = 8 cm
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝐶 2 (19)2 361
= 𝐷𝐹2 = =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐷𝐸𝐹) 82 64
We have,
∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
AC = 19 cm and DF = 8 cm
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝐶 2 (19)2 361
= 𝐷𝐹2 = =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐷𝐸𝐹) 82 64
(iv)
We have, Area (∆ABC) = 36 𝑐𝑚2
Area (∆𝐷𝐸𝐹) = 64 𝑐𝑚2
DE = 6.2 cm
And, ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎( ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝐵2
= 𝐷𝐸2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐷𝐸𝐹)
36 𝐴𝐵2
⇒ 64 = (6.2)2 [By taking square root]
6×6.2
⇒ AB = = 4.65 𝑐𝑚
8
(v)
We have,
∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
AB = 1.2 cm and DF = 1.4 cm
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝐵2
= 𝐷𝐸2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆ 𝐷𝐸𝐹)
(1.2)2
= (1.4)2
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

1.44
= 1.96
36
= 49

2. In fig. below ∆ACB ~ ∆APQ. If BC = 10 cm, PQ = 5 cm, BA = 6.5 cm and AP = 2.8 cm,
find CA and AQ. Also, find the area (∆𝐴𝐶𝐵): 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝑃𝑄)
p

B 0

c
Sol:
We have,
∆ACB ~ ∆APQ
𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝐵 𝐴𝐵
Then, 𝐴𝑃 = 𝑃𝑄 = 𝐴𝑄 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝐴𝐶 10 6.5
⇒ 2.8 = = 𝐴𝑄
5
𝐴𝐶 10 10 6.5
⇒ 2.8 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝐴𝑄
5 5
10 5
⇒ AC = × 2.8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝑄 = 6.5 × 10
5
⇒ AC = 5.6 cm and AQ = 3.25 cm
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐶𝐵) 𝐵𝐶 2
= 𝑃𝑄2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝑃𝑄)
(10)2
= (5)2
100
= 25
4
=1

3. The areas of two similar triangles are 81 cm2 and 49 cm2 respectively. Find the ratio of
their corresponding heights. What is the ratio of their corresponding medians?
Sol:
A

B 0 c a s R
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

We have,
∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
Area (∆ABC) = 81 cm2,
Area (∆PQR) = 49 cm2
And AD and PS are the altitudes
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝐵2
= 𝑃𝑄2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝑃𝑄𝑅)
81 𝐴𝐵2
⇒ 49 = 𝑃𝑄2
9 𝐴𝐵
⇒ = ….(i) [Taking square root]
7 𝑃𝑄
𝐼𝑛 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑃𝑄𝑆
∠B = ∠Q [∆ABC ~ ∆PQR]
∠ ADB = ∠PSQ [Each 90°]
Then, ∆ABD ~ ∆PQS [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
∴ 𝑃𝑄 = …(ii) [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝑃𝑆
Compare (1) and (2)
𝐴𝐷 9
=7
𝑃𝑆
9
∴ Ratio of altitudes = 7
Since, the ratio of the area of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares of the
squares of their corresponding altitudes and is also equal to the squares of their
corresponding medians.
Hence, ratio of altitudes = Ratio of medians = 9 : 7

4. The areas of two similar triangles are 169 cm2 and 121 cm2 respectively. If the longest side
of the larger triangle is 26 cm, find the longest side of the smaller triangle.
Sol:
A
p

B c a R

We have,
∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
Area(∆ABC) = 169 cm2
Area(∆PQR) = 121 cm2
And AB = 26 cm
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

By area of similar triangle theorem

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝐵2
=
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆ 𝑃𝑄𝑅) 𝑃𝑄 2
169 (26) 2
⇒ 121 = 𝑃𝑄 2
13 26
⇒ 11 = 𝑃𝑄 [Taking square root]
11
⇒ PQ = 13 × 26 = 22 𝑐𝑚

5. Two isosceles triangles have equal vertical angles and their areas are in the ratio 36 : 25.
Find the ratio of their corresponding heights.
Sol:
A
p

B 0 c a s R

Given: AB = AC, PQ = PQ and ∠A = ∠P

And, AD and PS are altitudes
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 36
And, 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆ 𝑃𝑄𝑅) = 25 …(i)
𝐴𝐷
To find: 𝑃𝑆
Proof: Since, AB = AC and PQ = PR
𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑄
Then, 𝐴𝐶 = 1 and 𝑃𝑅 = 1
𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑄
∴ 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑃𝑅
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
⇒ 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑃𝑅 …(ii)
In ∆ABC and ∆PQR
∠A = ∠P [Given]
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
= 𝑃𝑅 [From (2)]
𝑃𝑄
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 [By SAS similarity]
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝐵2
∴ = 𝑃𝑄2 ….(iii) [By area of similar triangle theorem]
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆ 𝑃𝑄𝑅)
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
𝐴𝐵2 36
=
𝑃𝑄 2 25
𝐴𝐵 6
⇒ 𝑃𝑄 = 5 ….(iv)
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

In ∆ABD and ∆PQS

∠B = ∠Q [∆ABC ~ ∆PQR]
∠ADB = ∠PSQ [Each 90°]
Then, ∆ABD ~ ∆PQS [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
∴ 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑃𝑆
6 𝐴𝐷
⇒5= [From (iv)]
𝑃𝑆

6. The areas of two similar triangles are 25 cm2 and 36 cm2 respectively. If the altitude of the
first triangle is 2.4 cm, find the corresponding altitude of the other.
Sol:
p

B D c a s R

We have,
∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
Area (∆ABC) = 25 cm2
Area (∆PQR) = 36 cm2
AD = 2.4 cm
And AD and PS are the altitudes
To find: PS
Proof: Since, ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
Then, by area of similar triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝐵2
= 𝑃𝑄2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝑃𝑄𝑅)
25 𝐴𝐵2
⇒ =
36 𝑃𝑄 2
5 𝐴𝐵
⇒ 6 = 𝑃𝑄 ….(i)
𝐼𝑛 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑃𝑄𝑆
∠B = ∠Q [∆ ABC ~ ∆PQR]
∠ADB ~ ∠PSQ [Each 90°]
Then, ∆ABD ~ ∆PQS [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
∴ 𝑃𝑆 = ….(ii) [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝑃𝑆
Compare (i) and (ii)
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

𝐴𝐷 5
=6
𝑃𝑆
2.4 5
⇒ =6
𝑃𝑆
2.4×6
⇒ 𝑃𝑆 = = 2.88 𝑐𝑚
5

7. The corresponding altitudes of two similar triangles are 6 cm and 9 cm respectively. Find
the ratio of their areas.
Sol:
p

B D s R

We have,
∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
AD = 6 cm
And, PS = 9 cm
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝐵2
= 𝑃𝑄2 …(i)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝑃𝑄𝑅)
𝐼𝑛 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑃𝑄𝑆
∠B = ∠Q [∆ABC ~ ∆PQR]
∠ADB = ∠PSQ [Each 90°]
Then, ∆ABD ~ ∆PQS [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
∴ 𝑃𝑄 = [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝑃𝑆
𝐴𝐵 6
⇒ 𝑃𝑄 = 9
𝐴𝐵 2
⇒ 𝑃𝑄 = 3 …(ii)
Compare equations (i) and (ii)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 2 2 4
= (3) = 9
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝑃𝑄𝑅)

8. ABC is a triangle in which ∠A =90°, AN⊥ BC, BC = 12 cm and AC = 5cm. Find the ratio
of the areas of ∆ANC and ∆ABC.
Sol:
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

A c
----5 cmm�--·--

In ∆ANC and ∆ABC

∠C = ∠C [Common]
∠ANC = ∠BAC [Each 90°]
Then, ∆ANC ~ ∆BAC [By AA similarity]
By area of similarity triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆ 𝐴𝑁𝐶) 𝐴𝐶 2
= 𝐵𝐶 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐵𝐴𝐶)
52
= 122
25
= 144

9. In Fig. 4.178, DE || BC
A

B c B

Fig. 4.178 Fig. 4.179

(i) If DE = 4 cm, BC = 6 cm and Area (∆ADE) = 16 cm2, find the area of ∆ABC.
(ii) If DE = 4cm, BC = 8 cm and Area (∆ADE) = 25 cm2, find the area of ∆ABC.
(iii)If DE : BC = 3 : 5. Calculate the ratio of the areas of ∆ADE and the trapezium BCED.
Sol:
We have, DE || BC, DE = 4 cm, BC = 6 cm and area (∆𝐴𝐷𝐸) = 16𝑐𝑚2
In ∆ADE and ∆ABC
∠A = ∠A [Common]
∠ADE = ∠ABC [Corresponding angles]
Then, ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC [By AA similarity]
∴ By area of similar triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐷𝐸) 𝐷𝐸 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶)
= 𝐵𝐶 2
16 42
⇒ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) = 62
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

16×36
⇒ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) = = 36𝑐𝑚2
16
𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒, 𝐷𝐸 | |𝐵𝐶, 𝐷𝐸 = 4 𝑐𝑚, 𝐵𝐶 = 8 𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐷𝐸) = 25 𝑐𝑚2
𝐼𝑛 ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶
∠A = ∠A [Common]
∠ADE = ∠ABC [Corresponding angles]
Then, ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸~∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 [By AA similarity]
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐷𝐸) 𝐷𝐸 2
= 𝐵𝐶 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶)
16 42
⇒ =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ) 62
16×36
⇒ Area (∆ABC) = = 36 𝑐𝑚2
16
We have, DE || BC, DE = 4 cm, BC = 8 cm and area (∆ADE) = 25cm2
In ∆ADE and ∆ABC
∠A = ∠A [Common]
∠ADE = ∠ABC [Corresponding angles]
Then, ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC [By AA similarity]
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐷𝐸) 𝐷𝐸 2
⇒ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) = 𝐵𝐶 2
25 42
=
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 82
25×64
⇒ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) = = 100 𝑐𝑚2
16
𝐷𝐸 3
We have, DE || BC, and 𝐵𝐶 = 5 ….(i)
In ∆ADE and ∆ABC
∠A = ∠A [Common]
∠ADE = ∠B [Corresponding angles]
Then, ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC [By AA similarity]
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐷𝐸) 𝐷𝐸 2
⇒ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) = 𝐵𝐶 2
𝑎𝑟 (∆𝐴𝐷𝐸) 32
⇒ 𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐷𝐸)+𝑎𝑟(𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝.𝐷𝐸𝐶𝐵) = 52 [From (i)]
⇒ 25ar (∆ADE) = 9𝑎𝑟 (∆𝐴𝐷𝐸) + 9𝑎𝑟 (𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝. 𝐷𝐸𝐶𝐵)
⇒ 25 ar (∆ADE – 9ar) (∆ADE) = 9ar (trap.DECB)
⇒ 16 ar(∆ADE) = 9 ar (trap. DECB)
𝑎𝑟 (∆𝐴𝐷𝐸) 9
⇒ 𝑎𝑟 (𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝.𝐷𝐸𝐶𝐵) = 16
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

10. In ∆ABC, D and E are the mid-points of AB and AC respectively. Find the ratio of the
areas of ∆ADE and ∆ABC
Sol:
A

B c
We have, D and E as the mid-points of AB and AC
So, according to the mid-point theorem
1
DE || BC and DE = 2 𝐵𝐶 …(i)
In ∆ADE and ∆ABC
∠A = ∠A [Common]
∠ADE = ∠B [Corresponding angles]
Then, ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC [By AA similarity]
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐷𝐸) 𝐷𝐸 2
= 𝐵𝐶 2
𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶)
1 2
( 𝐵𝐶)
2
= [From (i)]
𝐵𝐶 2
1
𝐵𝐶 2
4
= 𝐵𝐶 2
1
=4

11. In Fig., 4.179, ∆ABC and ∆DBC are on the same base BC. If AD and BC intersect at O,
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝑂
prove that 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐷𝐵𝐶) = 𝐷𝑂
Sol:
1
We know that area of a triangle = 2 × 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
Since ∆ABC and ∆DBC are one same base,
Therefore ratio between their areas will be as ratio of their heights.
Let us draw two perpendiculars AP and DM on line BC.

8 0
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

In ∆APO and ∆DMO,

∠APO = ∠DMO (Each is 90°)
∠AOP = ∠DOM (vertically opposite angles)
∠OAP = ∠ODM (remaining angle)
Therefore ∆APO ~ ∆DMO (By AAA rule)
𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝑂
Therefore 𝐷𝑀 = 𝐷𝑂
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝑂
Therefore 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐷𝐵𝐶) = 𝐷𝑂

12. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || CD. The diagonals AC and BD intersect at O. Prove
that: (i) ∆AOB and ∆COD (ii) If OA = 6 cm, OC = 8 cm,
Find:
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝑂𝐵)
(a) 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐶𝑂𝐷)
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝑂𝐷)
(b) 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐶𝑂𝐷)
Sol:

We have,
AB || DC
In ∆AOB and ∆COD
∠AOB = ∠COD [Vertically opposite angles]
∠OAB = ∠OCD [Alternate interior angles]
Then, ∆AOB ~ ∆COD [By AA similarity]
(a) By area of similar triangle theorem
𝑎𝑟 (∆𝐴𝑂𝐵) 𝑂𝐴2 62 36 9
= = = =
𝑎𝑟 (∆𝐶𝑂𝐷) 𝑂𝐶 2 82 64 16
(b) Draw DP ⊥ AC
1
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝑂𝐷) ×𝐴𝑂×𝐷𝑃
∴ 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐶𝑂𝐷) = 21
×𝐶𝑂×𝐷𝑃
2
𝐴𝑂
= 𝐶𝑂
6
=8
3
=4
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

13. In ABC, P divides the side AB such that AP : PB = 1 : 2. Q is a point in AC such that PQ ||
BC. Find the ratio of the areas of ∆APQ and trapezium BPQC.
Sol:
A

B c
We have,
PQ || BC
𝐴𝑃 1
And 𝑃𝐵 = 2
In ∆APQ and ∆ABC
∠A = ∠A [Common]
∠APQ = ∠B [Corresponding angles]
Then, ∆APQ ~∆ABC [By AA similarity]
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝑎𝑟 (∆𝐴𝑃𝑄) 𝐴𝑃 2
= 𝐴𝐵2
𝑎𝑟 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶)
𝑎𝑟 (∆𝐴𝑃𝑄) 12 𝐴𝑃 1
⇒ 𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝑃𝑄)+𝑎𝑟(𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝.𝐵𝑃𝑄𝐶) = 32 [𝑃𝐵 = 2]
⇒ 9ar (𝐴𝑃𝑄) = 𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝑃𝑄) + 𝑎𝑟(𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝. 𝐵𝑃𝑄𝐶)
⇒ 9ar (𝐴𝑃𝑄) − 𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝑃𝑄) + 𝑎𝑟(𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝. 𝐵𝑃𝑄𝐶)
⇒ 8ar(APQ) = ar(trap. BPQC)
𝑎𝑟 (∆𝐴𝑃𝑄) 1
⇒ 𝑎𝑟(𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝.𝐵𝑃𝑄𝐶) = 8

14. The areas of two similar triangles are 100 cm2 and 49 cm2 respectively. If the altitude the
bigger triangle is 5 cm, find the corresponding altitude of the other.
Sol:
A

B 0 s R

We have, ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR

Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

Area(∆ABC) = 100 cm2,

Area (∆PQR) = 49 cm2
AD = 5 cm
And AD and PS are the altitudes
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝐵2
= 𝑃𝑄2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝑃𝑄𝑅)
100 𝐴𝐵2
⇒ = 𝑃𝑄2
49
10 𝐴𝐵
⇒ = 𝑃𝑄 …(i)
7
𝐼𝑛 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑃𝑄𝑆
∠B = ∠Q [∆ABC ~ ∆PQR]
∠ADB = ∠PSQ [Each 90°]
Then, ∆ABD ~ ∆PQS [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
∴ 𝑃𝑄 = …(ii) [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝑃𝑆
Compare (i) and (ii)
𝐴𝐷 10
=
𝑃𝑆 7
5 10
⇒ 𝑃𝑆 = 7
5×7
⇒ PS = = 3.5 𝑐𝑚
10

15. The areas of two similar triangles are 121 cm2 and 64 cm2 respectively. If the median of the
first triangle is 12.1 cm, find the corresponding median of the other.
Sol:
A

B 0 c
We have,
∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
Area (∆ABC) = 121 cm2,
Area (∆PQR) = 64 cm2
AD = 12.1 cm
And AD and PS are the medians
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝐵2
= 𝑃𝑄2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎(∆𝑃𝑄𝑅)
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

121 𝐴𝐵2
⇒ = 𝑃𝑄2
64
11 𝐴𝐵
⇒ = 𝑃𝑄 …(i)
8
Since, ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
Then, 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑄𝑅 [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝐴𝐵 2𝐵𝐷
⇒ 𝑃𝑄 = [AD and PS are medians]
2𝑄𝑆
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
⇒ 𝑃𝑄 = …(ii)
𝑄𝑆
In ∆ABD and ∆PQS
∠B = ∠Q [∆ABC ~ ∆PQS]
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
= [From (ii)]
𝑃𝑄 𝑄𝑆
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 ~ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑆 [By SAS similarity]
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
∴ 𝑃𝑄 = …(iii) [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝑃𝑆
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒 (𝑖) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
11 𝐴𝐷
=
8 𝑃𝑆
11 12.1
⇒ =
8 𝑃𝑆
8 ×12.1
⇒ PS = 𝑃𝑆
8 ×12.1
⇒ PS = = 8.8 𝑐𝑚
𝑃𝑆

16. If ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF such that AB = 5 cm, area (∆ABC) = 20 cm2 and area (∆DEF) = 45 cm2,
determine DE.
Sol:
We have,
∆ABC ~ ∆DEF such that AB = 5 cm,
Area (∆ABC) = 20 cm2 and area(∆DEF) = 45 cm2
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎(∆ABC) 𝐴𝐵2
= 𝐷𝐸2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎(∆DEF)
20 52
⇒ 45 = 𝐷𝐸2
4 52
⇒ 9 = 𝐷𝐸2
2 5
⇒ 3 = 𝐷𝐸 [Taking square root]
3×5
⇒ 𝐷𝐸 = = 7.5 𝑐𝑚
2

17. In ∆ABC, PQ is a line segment intersecting AB at P and AC at Q such that PQ || BC and

𝐵𝑃
PQ divides ∆ABC into two parts equal in area. Find 𝐴𝐵
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

Sol:
A

B c
We have,
PQ || BC
And ar(∆APQ) = ar(trap. PQCB)
⇒ ar(∆APQ) = ar(∆ABC) – ar(∆APQ)
⇒ 2ar(∆APQ) = ar(∆ABC) …(i)
In ∆APQ and ∆ABC
∠A = ∠A [common]
∠APQ = ∠B [corresponding angles]
Then, ∆APQ ~ ∆ABC [By AA similarity]
∴ By area of similar triangle theorem
𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝑃𝑄) 𝐴𝑃 2
= 𝐴𝐵2
𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶)
𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝑃𝑄) 𝐴𝑃 2
⇒ 𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝑃𝑄) = 𝐴𝐵2 [By using (i)]
1 𝐴𝑃 2
⇒ 2 = 𝐴𝐵2
1 𝐴𝑃
⇒ = 𝐴𝐵2
√2
1 𝐴𝑃
⇒ = 𝐴𝐵 [Taking square root]
√2
1 𝐴𝐵−𝐵𝑃
⇒ =
√2 𝐴𝐵
1 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝑃
⇒ = 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐴𝐵
√2
1 𝐵𝑃
⇒ = 1 − 𝐴𝐵
√2
𝐵𝑃 1
= 𝐴𝐵 = 1 −
√2
𝐵𝑃 √2−1
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 =
√2

18. The areas of two similar triangles ABC and PQR are in the ratio 9:16. If BC = 4.5 cm, find
the length of QR.
Sol:
We have,
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐵𝐶 2
=
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 (∆𝑃𝑄𝑅) 𝑄𝑅 2
9 (4.5)2
⇒ 16 = 𝑄𝑅 2
3 4.5
⇒ 4 = 𝑄𝑅 [Taking square root]
4×4.5
⇒ QR = = 6𝑐𝑚
3

19. ABC is a triangle and PQ is a straight line meeting AB in P and AC in Q. If AP = 1 cm, PB

= 3 cm, AQ = 1.5 cm, QC = 4.5 m, prove that area of ∆APQ is one- sixteenth of the area of
ABC.
Sol:
A

e c
We have,
AP = 1 cm, PB = 3 cm, AQ = 1.5 cm and QC = 4.5 m
In ∆APQ and ∆ABC
∠A = ∠A [Common]
𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝑄 1
= 𝐴𝐶 [Each equal to 4]
𝐴𝐵
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛, ∆𝐴𝑃𝑄 ~∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 [By SAS similarity]
𝐵𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚
𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝑃𝑄) 12
= 42
𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶)
𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝑃𝑄) 1
⇒ 𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) = 16 × 𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶)

20. If D is a point on the side AB of ∆ABC such that AD : DB = 3.2 and E is a Point on BC
such that DE || AC. Find the ratio of areas of ∆ABC and ∆BDE.
Sol:
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

A c

We have,
𝐴𝐷 3
=
𝐷𝐵 2
𝐷𝐵 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐷 = 3
In ∆BDE and ∆BAC
∠B = ∠B [common]
∠ BDE = ∠A [corresponding angles]
Then, ∆BDE ~ ∆BAC [By AA similarity]
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝐵2
= 𝐵𝐷2
𝑎𝑟(∆𝐵𝐷𝐸)
52 𝐴𝐷 3
= 22 [𝐷𝐵 = 2]
25
= 4

21. If ∆ABC and ∆BDE are equilateral triangles, where D is the mid-point of BC, find the ratio
of areas of ∆ABC and ∆BDE.
Sol:
A

We have,
∆ABC and ∆BDE are equilateral triangles then both triangles are equiangular
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆BDE [By AAA similarity]
By area of similar triangle theorem
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐵𝐶 2
= 𝐵𝐷2
𝑎𝑟 (∆𝐵𝐷𝐸)
2(𝐵𝐷)2
= [D is the mid-point of BC]
𝐵𝐷 2
4𝐵𝐷 2
= 𝐵𝐷 2
4
=1

22. AD is an altitude of an equilateral triangle ABC. On AD as base, another equilateral

triangle ADE is constructed. Prove that Area (∆ADE): Area (∆ABC) = 3: 4
Sol:
A

B D c
We have,
∆ABC is an equilateral triangle
Then, AB = BC = AC
Let, AB = BC = AC = 2x
Since, AD ⊥ BC then BD = DC = x
In ∆ADB, by Pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐵 2 = (2𝑥)2 − (𝑥)2
⇒ 𝐴𝐷2 = 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐷 = √3𝑥 𝑐𝑚
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆ADE [By AA similarity]
By area of similar triangle theorem
𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐷𝐸) 𝐴𝐷 2
= 𝐴𝐵2
𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶)
2
(√3𝑥)
= (2𝑥)2
3𝑥 2
= 4𝑥 2
3
=4
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

Exercise 4.7
1. If the sides of a triangle are 3 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm long, determine whether the triangle is a
right-angled triangle.
Sol:
We have,
Sides of triangle
AB = 3 cm
BC = 4 cm
AC = 6 cm
∴ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 32 = 9
𝐵𝐶 2 = 42 = 16
𝐴𝐶 2 = 62 = 36
Since, 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 ≠ 𝐴𝐶 2
Then, by converse of Pythagoras theorem, triangle is not a right triangle.

2. The sides of certain triangles are given below. Determine which of them right triangles are.
(i) a = 7 cm, b = 24 cm and c = 25 cm
(ii) a = 9 cm, b = l6 cm and c = 18 cm
(iii) a = 1.6 cm, b = 3.8 cm and c = 4 cm
(iv) a = 8 cm, b = 10 cm and c = 6 cm
Sol:
We have,
a = 7 cm, b = 24 cm and c = 25 cm
∴ 𝑎2 = 49, 𝑏 2 = 576 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 2 = 625
Since, 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 49 + 576
= 625
= 𝑐2
Then, by converse of Pythagoras theorem, given triangle is a right triangle.

We have,
a = 9 cm, b = 16 cm and c = 18 cm
∴ 𝑎2 = 81, 𝑏 2 = 256 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 2 = 324
Since, 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 81 + 256 = 337
≠ 𝑐2
Then, by converse of Pythagoras theorem, given triangle is not a right triangle.

We have,
a = 1.6 cm, b = 3.8 cm and C = 4 cm
∴ 𝑎2 = 64, 𝑏 2 = 100 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 2 = 36
Since, 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 = 64 + 36 = 100 = 𝑏 2
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

Then, by converse of Pythagoras theorem, given triangle is a right triangle.

3. A man goes 15 metres due west and then 8 metres due north. How far is he from the
starting point?
Sol:
N

s
Let the starting point of the man be O and final point be A.
∴ In ∆ABO, by Pythagoras theorem 𝐴𝑂2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝑂2
⇒ 𝐴𝑂2 = 82 + 152
⇒ 𝐴𝑂2 = 64 + 225 = 289
⇒ AO = √289 = 17𝑚
∴ He is 17m far from the starting point.

4. A ladder 17 m long reaches a window of a building 15 m above the ground. Find the
distance of the foot of the ladder from the building.
Sol:
A

17 m ladder
15 m budding

B c
In ∆ABC, by Pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2
⇒ 152 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 172
⇒ 225 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 172
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 3 = 289 − 225
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 64
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = 8 𝑚
∴ 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 8 𝑚

5. Two poles of heights 6 m and 11 m stand on a plane ground. If the distance between their
feet is 12 m, find the distance between their tops.
Sol:

6m

n".======:;"o
l::?m

Let CD and AB be the poles of height 11 and 6 m.

Therefore CP = 11 – 6 = 5 m
From the figure we may observe that AP = 12m
In triangle APC, by applying Pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝑃2 + 𝑃𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2
122 + 52 = 𝐴𝐶 2
𝐴𝐶 2 = 144 + 25 = 169
AC = 13
Therefore distance between their tops = 13m.

6. In an isosceles triangle ABC, AB = AC = 25 cm, BC = 14 cm. Calculate the altitude from

A on BC.
Sol:
A

8 0 c
14 cm
We have
AB = AC = 25 cm and BC = 14 cm
In ∆ABD and ∆ACD
∠ADB = ∠ADC [Each 90°]
AB = AC [Each 25 cm]
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

AD = AD [Common]
Then, ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD [By RHS condition]
∴ BD = CD = 7 cm [By c.p.c.t]
In ∆ADB, by Pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐵 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐷2 + 72 = 252
⇒ 𝐴𝐷2 = 625 − 49 = 576
⇒ 𝐴𝐷 = √576 = 24 𝑐𝑚

7. The foot of a ladder is 6 m away from a wall and its top reaches a window 8 m above the
ground. If the ladder is shifted in such a way that its foot is 8 m away from the wall, to
what height does its tip reach?
Sol:
A

Sm

c 6m 0 E
-----Sm

Let, length of ladder be AD = BE = l m

In ∆ACD, by Pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐶𝐷2
⇒ 𝑙 2 = 82 + 62 ….(i)
𝐼𝑛 ∆𝐵𝐶𝐸, 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚
𝐵𝐸 2 = 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐶𝐸 2
⇒ 𝑙 2 = 𝐵𝐶 2 + 82 ….(ii)
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒 (𝑖)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖)
𝐵𝐶 2 + 82 = 82 + 62
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 62
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = 6𝑚

8. Two poles of height 9 m and 14 m stand on a plane ground. If the distance between their
feet is 12 m, find the distance between their tops.
Sol:
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

14 m

9m

0 12 m c
We have,
AC = 14 m, DC = 12m and ED = BC = 9m
Construction: Draw EB ⊥ AC
∴ AB = AC – BC = 14 – 9 = 5m
And, EB = DC = 12 m
In ∆ABE, by Pythagoras theorem,
𝐴𝐸 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐸 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐸 2 = 52 + 122
⇒ 𝐴𝐸 2 = 25 + 144 = 169
⇒ 𝐴𝐸 = √169 = 13 𝑚
∴ 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑠 = 13 𝑚

9. Using Pythagoras theorem determine the length of AD in terms of b and c shown in Fig.
4.219
c

6 e
F19 4 219

Sol:
We have,
In ∆BAC, by Pythagoras theorem
𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐴𝐶 2
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝑐 2 + 𝑏 2
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 = √𝑐 2 + 𝑏 2 …(i)
𝐼𝑛 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐶𝐵𝐴
∠B = ∠B [Common]
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

∠ADB = ∠BAC [Each 90°]

Then, ∆ABD ~ ∆CBA [By AA similarity]
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
∴ 𝐶𝐵 = [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝐶𝐴
𝑐 𝐴𝐷
⇒ √𝑐 2 =
+𝑏2 𝑏
𝑏𝑐
⇒ AD = √𝑐 2
+𝑏 2

10. A triangle has sides 5 cm, 12 cm and 13 cm. Find the length to one decimal place, of the
perpendicular from the opposite vertex to the side whose length is 13 cm.
Sol:
c

12cm

A 5cm B

Let, AB = 5cm, BC = 12 cm and AC = 13 cm. Then, 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 . This proves that

∆ABC is a right triangle, right angles at B. Let BD be the length of perpendicular from B
on AC.
1
Now, Area ∆ABC = 2 (𝐵𝐶 × 𝐵𝐴)
1
= 2 (12 × 5)
= 30 cm2
1 1
Also, Area of ∆ABC = 2 𝐴𝐶 × 𝐵𝐷 = 2 (13 × 𝐵𝐷)
⇒ (13 × 𝐵𝐷) = 30 × 2
60
⇒ BD = 13 cm

11. ABCD is a square. F is the mid-point of AB. BE is one third of BC. If the area of ∆FBE =
108 cm2, find the length of AC.
Sol:
A 0

B E c
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

Since, ABCD is a square

Then, AB = BC = CD = DA = x cm
Since, F is the mid-point of AB
𝑥
Then, AF = 𝐹𝐵 = 2 𝑐𝑚
Since, BE is one third of BC
𝑥
Then, BE = 3 cm
We have, area of ∆FBE = 108 cm2
1
⇒ 2 × 𝐵𝐸 × 𝐹𝐵 = 108
1 𝑥 𝑥
⇒ 2 × 3 × 2 = 108
⇒ 𝑥 2 = 108 × 2 × 3 × 2
⇒ 𝑥 2 = 1296
⇒ 𝑥 = √1296 = 36𝑐𝑚
𝐼𝑛 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 2𝑥 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 2 × (36)2
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 = 36√2 = 36 × 1.414 = 50.904 𝑐𝑚

12. In an isosceles triangle ABC, if AB = AC = 13 cm and the altitude from A on BC is 5 cm,

find BC.
Sol:
A

B 0 c
In ∆ADB, by Pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷2 = 132
⇒ 25 + 𝐵𝐷2 = 169
⇒ 𝐵𝐷2 = 169 − 2 = 144
⇒ 𝐵𝐷 = √144 = 12 𝑐𝑚
𝐼𝑛 ∆𝐴𝐷𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝐴𝐷𝐶
∠ADB = ∠ADC [Each 90°]
AB = AC [Each 13 cm]
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

AD = AD [Common]
Then, ∆ADB ≅ ∆ADC [By RHS condition]
∴ BD = CD = 12 cm [By c.p.c.t]
Hence, BC = 12 + 12 = 24 cm

13. In a ∆ABC, AB = BC = CA = 2a and AD ⊥ BC. Prove that

(i) AD = a√3 (ii) Area (∆ABC) = √3 a2
Sol:
A

B D c
...���- 2a ���----�

(i) In ∆ABD and ∆ACD

∠ADB = ∠ADC [Each 90°]
AB = AC [Given]
AD = AD [Common]
Then, ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD [By RHS condition]
∴ BD = CD = a [By c.p.c.t]
In ∆ADB, by Pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐵 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐷2 + (𝑎)2 = (2𝑎)2
⇒ 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝑎2 = 4𝑎2
⇒ 𝐴𝐷2 = 4𝑎2 − 𝑎2 = 3𝑎2
⇒ 𝐴𝐷 = 𝑎√3
1
(ii) Area of ∆ABC = 2 × 𝐵𝐶 × 𝐴𝐷
1
= 2 × 2𝑎 × 𝑎√3
= √3𝑎2

14. The lengths of the diagonals of a rhombus are 24 cm and 10 cm. Find each side of the
rhombus.
Sol:
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

A 0

c
We have,
ABCD is a rhombus with diagonals AC = 10 cm and BD = 24 cm
We know that diagonal of a rhombus bisect each other at 90°
∴ AO = OC = 5 cm and BO = OD = 12 cm
In ∆AOB, by Pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝑂2 + 𝐵𝑂2
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 52 + 122
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 25 + 144 = 169
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = √169 = 13 𝑐𝑚

15. Each side of a rhombus is 10 cm. If one of its diagonals is 16 cm find the length of the
other diagonal.
Sol:
A 0

c
We have,
ABCD is a rhombus with side 10 cm and diagonal BD = 16 cm
We know that diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at 90°
∴ BO = OD = 8 cm
In ∆AOB, by pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝑂2 + 𝐵𝑂2 = 𝐴𝐵 2
⇒ 𝐴𝑂2 + 82 = 102
⇒ 𝐴𝑂2 = 100 − 64 = 36
⇒ 𝐴𝑂 = √36 = 6 𝑐𝑚 [By above property]
ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐴𝐶 = 6 + 6 = 12 𝑐𝑚
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

16. In an acute-angled triangle, express a median in terms of its sides.

Sol:
A

8 E D c
We have,
In ∆ABC, AD is a median.
Draw AE ⊥ BC
In ∆AEB, by pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐸 2 + 𝐵𝐸 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 − 𝐷𝐸 2 + (𝐵𝐷 − 𝐷𝐸)2 [By Pythagoras theorem]
2 2 2 2 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐷 − 𝐷𝐸 + 𝐵𝐷 + 𝐷𝐸 − 2𝐵𝐷 × 𝐷𝐸
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷2 − 2𝐵𝐷 × 𝐷𝐸
𝐵𝐶 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + − 𝐵𝐶 × 𝐷𝐸 ….(i) [BC = 2BD given]
4
Again, In ∆AEC, by pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐸 2 + 𝐸𝐶 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 − 𝐷𝐸 2 + (𝐷𝐸 + 𝐶𝐷)2 [By Pythagoras theorem]
⇒𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐶𝐷 2 + 2𝐶𝐷 × 𝐷𝐸
𝐵𝐶 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + + 𝐵𝐶 × 𝐷𝐸 ….(ii) [BC = 2CD given]
4
𝐴𝑑𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 (𝑖) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖)
𝐵𝐶 2
𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐴𝐶 2 = 2𝐴𝐷 2 + 2
⇒ 2𝐴𝐵 2 + 2𝐴𝐶 2 = 4𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 [Multiply by 2]
⇒4𝐴𝐷2 = 2𝐴𝐵 2 + 2𝐴𝐶 2 − 𝐵𝐶 2
2𝐴𝐵2 +2𝐴𝐶 2 −𝐵𝐶 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐷2 = 4
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

17. Calculate the height of an equilateral triangle each of whose sides measures 12 cm.
Sol:

B D c
����-12cm���----1�

We have,
∆ABC is an equilateral ∆ with side 12 cm.
Draw AE ⊥ BC
In ∆ABD and ∆ACD
∠ADB = ∠ADC [Each 90°]
AB = AC [Each 12 cm]
AD = AD [Common]
Then, ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD [By RHS condition]
2 2 2
∴ 𝐴𝐷 + 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐴𝐵
⇒ 𝐴𝐷2 + 62 = 122
⇒ 𝐴𝐷2 = 144 − 36 = 108
⇒ AD = √108 = 10.39 cm

18. In right-angled triangle ABC in which ∠C = 90°, if D is the mid-point of BC, prove that
AB2 = 4 AD2 −3 AC2.
Sol:
A

c D B

We have,
∠C = 90° and D is the mid-point of BC
In ∆ACB, by Pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + (2𝐶𝐷)2 [D is the mid-point of BC]
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 4𝐶𝐷 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 4(𝐴𝐷2 − 𝐴𝐶 2 ) [In ∆ACD, by Pythagoras theorem]
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 4𝐴𝐷2 − 4𝐴𝐶 2
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 4𝐴𝐷2 − 3𝐴𝐶 2

19. In Fig. 4.220, D is the mid-point of side BC and AE ⊥ BC. If BC = a, AC = b, AB = c, ED

= x, AD = p and AE = h, prove that:
A

B E O c
Fig 4.220
𝑎2
(i) 𝑏 2 = 𝑝2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 4
2 2 𝑎2
(ii) 𝑐 = 𝑝 − 𝑎𝑥 + 4
2 2 2 𝑎2
(iii) 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 2𝑝 + 2
Sol:
We have, D as the mid-point of BC
(i) 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐸 2 + 𝐸𝐶 2
𝑏 2 = 𝐴𝐸 2 + (𝐸𝐷 + 𝐷𝐶)2 [By pythagoras theorem]
2 2 2
𝑏 = 𝐴𝐷 + 𝐷𝐶 + 2𝐷𝐶 × 𝐸𝐷
𝑎 2 𝑎
𝑏 2 = 𝑝2 + (2 ) + 2 (2 ) × 𝑥 [BC = 2CD given]
𝑎2
⇒ 𝑏 2 = 𝑝2 + + 𝑎𝑥 …(i)
4
(ii) In ∆AEB, by pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐸 2 + 𝐵𝐸 2
⇒ 𝑐 2 = 𝐴𝐷 2 − 𝐸𝐷2 + (𝐵𝐷 − 𝐸𝐷)2 [By pythagoras theorem]
⇒ 𝑐 2 = 𝑝2 − 𝐸𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷2 + 𝐸𝐷2 − 2𝐵𝐷 × 𝐸𝐷
𝑎 2 𝑎
⇒ 𝑐 2 = 𝑝2 + (2) − 2 (2) × 𝑥 …(ii)
(iii) Add equations (i) and (ii)
𝑎2
𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 2𝑝2 + 2

20. In Fig., 4.221, ∠B < 90° and segment AD ⊥ BC, show that
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

b
c

B x D (a-x) C
Fig. 4.221

(i) 𝑏 2 = ℎ2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥
(ii) 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑥
Sol:
In ∆ADC, by pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐷𝐶 2
⇒ 𝑏 2 = ℎ2 + (𝑎 − 𝑥)2
⇒ 𝑏 2 = ℎ2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥
⇒ 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + (ℎ2 + 𝑥 2 ) − 2𝑎𝑥
⇒ 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 by Pythagoras theorem

21. In ∆ABC, ∠A is obtuse, PB ⊥AC and QC ⊥ AB. Prove that:

(i) AB × AQ = AC × AP
(ii) 𝐵𝐶 2 = (𝐴𝐶 × 𝐶𝑃 + 𝐴𝐵 × 𝐵𝑄)
Sol:
8

Then, ∆APB ~ ∆AQC [By AA similarity]

𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝐵
∴ = [Corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
𝐴𝑄 𝐴𝐶
⇒ 𝐴𝑃 × 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝑄 × 𝐴𝐵 …(i)
(ii) In ∆BPC, by pythagoras theorem
𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐵𝑃2 + 𝑃𝐶 2
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 − 𝐴𝑃2 + (𝐴𝑃 + 𝐴𝐶)2 [By pythagoras theorem]
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐴𝐶 2 + 2𝐴𝑃 × 𝐴𝐶 …(ii)
𝐼𝑛 ∆𝐵𝑄𝐶, 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚,
𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐶𝑄 2 + 𝐵𝑄 2
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝑄 2 + (𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝑄)2 [By pythagoras theorem]
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

⇒ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝑄 2 + 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐴𝑄 2 + 2𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝑄
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐵 2 + 2𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝑄 …(iii)
𝐴𝑑𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 (𝑖𝑖)& (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
2𝐵𝐶 2 = 2𝐴𝐶 2 + 2𝐴𝐵 2 + 2𝐴𝑃 × 𝐴𝐶 + 2𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝑄
⇒ 2𝐵𝐶 2 = 2𝐴𝐶 2 + 2𝐴𝐵 2 + 2𝐴𝑃 × 𝐴𝐶 + 2𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝑄
⇒ 2𝐵𝐶 2 = 2𝐴𝐶[𝐴𝐶 + 𝐴𝑃] + 𝐴𝐵[𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝑄]
⇒ 2𝐵𝐶 2 = 2𝐴𝐶 × 𝑃𝐶 + 2𝐴𝐵 × 𝐵𝑄
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 × 𝑃𝐶 + 𝐴𝐵 × 𝐵𝑄 [Divide by 2]

22. In a right ∆ABC right-angled at C, if D is the mid-point of BC, prove that 𝐵𝐶 2 =

4(𝐴𝐷2 − 𝐴𝐶 2 )
Sol:
A

B 0 c
To prove: 𝐵𝐶 = 4[𝐴𝐷2 − 𝐴𝐶 2 ]
2

We have, ∠C = 90° and D is the mid-point of BC.

LHS = 𝐵𝐶 2
= (2𝐶𝐷)2 [D is the mid-point of BC]
2
= 4CD
= 4[𝐴𝐷2 − 𝐴𝐶 2 ] [In ∆ACD, by pythagoras theorem]
= 𝑅𝐻𝑆

23. In a quadrilateral ABCD, ∠B = 90°, AD2 = AB2 + BC2 + CD2, prove that ∠ACD = 90°.
Sol:
A

8 c
We have, ∠B = 90° and 𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐶𝐷2
∴ 𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 + 𝐶𝐷2 [Given]
But 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 [By pythagoras theorem]
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

Then, 𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐶𝐷2

By converse of by pythagoras theorem
∠ACD = 90°

24. In an equilateral ∆ABC, AD ⊥ BC, prove that 𝐴𝐷2 = 3𝐵𝐷2 .

Sol:

We have, ∆ABC is an equilateral ∆ and AD ⊥ BC

In ∆ADB and ∆ADC
∠ADB = ∠ADC [Each 90°]
AB = AC [Given]
AD = AD [Common]
Then, ∆ADB ≅ ∆ADC [By RHS condition]
𝐵𝐶
∴ BD = CD = …(i) [corresponding parts of similar ∆ are proportional]
2
In, ∆ABD, by Pythagoras theorem
𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷2
⇒ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷2 [AB = BC given]
2 2 2
⇒ [2𝐵𝐷] = 𝐴𝐷 + 𝐵𝐷 [From (i)]
2 2 2
⇒ 4𝐵𝐷 − 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐴𝐷
⇒ 3𝐵𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐷2

25. ∆ABD is a right triangle right angled at A and AC ⊥ BD. Show that:
(i) 𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐶𝐵 × 𝐵𝐷
(ii) 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐷𝐶 × 𝐵𝐶
(iii) 𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐵𝐷 × 𝐶𝐷
𝐴𝐵2 𝐵𝐷
(iv) = 𝐷𝐶
𝐴𝐶 2
Sol:
D

AA
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

(i) In ∆ADB and ∆CAB

∠DAB = ∠ACB = 90°
∠ABD = ∠CBA (common angle)
∠ADB = ∠CAB (remaining angle)
So, ∆ADB ~ ∆CAB (by AAA similarity)
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
Therefore 𝐶𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐶𝐵 × 𝐵𝐷
(ii) Let ∠CAB = x
In ∆CBA
∠CBA = 180° − 90° − 𝑥
∠CBA = 90° − 𝑥
Similarly in ∆CAD
∠CAD = 90° − ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 = 90° − 𝑥
∠CDA = 90° − ∠CAB
= 90° − 𝑥
∠CDA = 180° −90° − (90° − 𝑥)
∠CDA = x
Now in ∆CBA and ∆CAD we may observe that
∠CBA = ∠CAD
∠CAB = ∠CDA
∠ACB = ∠DCA = 90°
Therefore ∆CBA ~ ∆CAD (by AAA rule)
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
Therefore 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶
⇒ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐷𝐶 × 𝐵𝐶
(iii) In ∆DCA & ∆DAB
∠DCA = ∠DAB (both are equal to 90°)
∠CDA = ∠ADB (common angle)
∠DAC = ∠DBA (remaining angle)
∆DCA ~ ∆DAB (AAA property)
𝐷𝐶 𝐷𝐴
Therefore 𝐷𝐴 = 𝐷𝐵
⇒𝐴𝐷2 = 𝐵𝐷 × 𝐶𝐷
(iv) From part (i) 𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐶𝐵 × 𝐵𝐷
From part (ii) 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐷𝐶 × 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵2 𝐶𝐵×𝐵𝐷
Hence 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐷𝐶×𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵2 𝐵𝐷
= 𝐷𝐶
𝐴𝐶 2
Hence proved
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

26. A guy wire attached to a vertical pole of height 18 m is 24 m long and has a stake attached
to the other end. How far from the base of the pole should the stake be driven so that the
wire will be taut?
Sol:
D

ltlC�
0
Let OB be the pole and AB be the wire. Therefore by pythagoras theorem,
𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝑂𝐵 2 + 𝑂𝐴2
242 = 182 + 𝑂𝐴2
𝑂𝐴2 = 576 − 324
OA = √252 = √6 × 6 × 7 = 6√7
Therefore distance from base = 6√7 𝑚

27. An aeroplane leaves an airport and flies due north at a speed of 1000km/hr. At the same
time, another aeroplane leaves the same airport and flies due west at a speed of 1200 km/hr.
How far apart will be the two planes after 1 hours?
Sol:

1800km

1
Distance traveled by the plane flying towards north in 1 2 hrs
1
= 1000 × 1 2 = 1500 𝑘𝑚
1
Similarly, distance travelled by the plane flying towards west in 1 2 ℎ𝑟𝑠
1
= 1200 × 1 2 = 1800 𝑘𝑚
Let these distances are represented by OA and OB respectively.
Now applying Pythagoras theorem
1
Distance between these planes after 1 2 ℎ𝑟𝑠 AB = √𝑂𝐴2 + 𝑂𝐵 2
= √(1500)2 + (1800)2 = √2250000 + 3240000
Class X Chapter 4 – Triangles Maths

= √5490000 = √9 × 610000 = 300√61

1
So, distance between these planes will be 300√61 km, after 1 2 ℎ𝑟𝑠

28. Determine whether the triangle having sides (a − 1) cm, 2√𝑎 cm and (a + 1) cm is a right-
angled triangle.
Sol:
Let ABC be the ∆ with
AB = (a – 1) cm BC = 2√𝑎 cm, CA = (a + 1) cm
Hence, 𝐴𝐵 2 = (𝑎 − 1)2 = 𝑎2 + 1 − 2𝑎
2
𝐵𝐶 2 = (2√𝑎) = 4𝑎
𝐶𝐴2 = (𝑎 + 1)2 = 𝑎2 + 1 + 2𝑎
Hence 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2
𝑆𝑜 ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑑 ∆ 𝑎𝑡 𝐵.