University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines

C.M. Recto Avenue, Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000

College of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Paper Making from Abaca Fiber Manufacturing Plant Fire Protection System

ME80 – Industrial Plant Engineering

Submitted by:

Villegas, Luiz Angelo L.

Submitted to:

Engr. Adonis A. Closas

Date:

May 2021

A.Y. 2020-2021
 Executive Summary

Contents of this Engineering Report is about the Design, Installation,

Maintenance and Operation of the Fire Protection and Sprinkler System of Paper
Making from Abaca Fiber Manufacturing Plant in Salay, Misamis Oriental.

The building uses a wet pipe system and is an Ordinary Hazard Group 3
occupancy institution. The Fire pump capacity is 40 Hp. Jockey Pump capacity is 5
Hp. Cistern Tank capacity is 40 m3 and the pipe sizing used are 100 mm, 65 mm,
38 mm, 30 mm and 25 mm.

The fire pump flow rate ranges from 200-5000 gpm. The pressure it can
supply is 40-490 psi and it is suitable for electric or diesel drives. The jockey pump
flow rate is 80-1000 gpm. The supplied pressure is 135 psi and is driven by an
electric motor.

The total cost of the fire protection and sprinkler system installation is
1,600,926 Php for the materials and quantities used including the labor. The
Manufacturing Plant loaned an amount of 1,600,926 Php with a rate of return of 9%
within 1 year. So the total amount due is about 1,745,010 Php.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem 1

1.3 Objectives of the Engineering Report 2

1.4 The Significance of the Engineering Report 2

1.5 Scope and Limitation 2

1.6 Definition of Terms in the Engineering Report 3

CHAPTER 2: THE GENERAL INFORMATION AND DESIGN

PRESENTATION

2.1 General Information 9

2.2 Presentation of the Design 12

2.3 Equipment Selection 14

2.4 Detailed Hydraulic Calculations 15

2.5 Maintenance 29

2.7 Testing and Inspection 30

CHAPTER 3: FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

3.1 Costs and Estimates of Material Supplies and Installations 31

3.2 Economic Analysis 34

CHAPTER 4: EVALUATION, CONCLUSION, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Evaluation 35

4.2 Conclusion 35
4.3 Recommendations 35

REFERENCES 36

APPENDICES

A.1 Tables and Charts 37

 1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Automatic water sprinkler systems are considered to be the most effective

and economical way to apply water to suppress a fire. Fire safety is one area where
all the need to take preventive measures. For most fires, of course, water is the most
commonly used or ideal extinguishing agent, mainly due to the fact that it is widely
available and inexpensive. These are four (4) basic types of sprinkler system:
namely: a wet pipe system, a dry pipe system, a deluge system, a pre-action system.
These four (4) basic types of system differ in terms of the most fundamental aspect
on how the water is put into the area of the fire.

The hydraulic calculations, piping scheduling, pump specification, fire

cistern, tank design consideration are carefully undertaken to ensure a good design
of fire protection and sprinkler system are in accordance with the practiced
standards and codes. Such as the Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code,
National Building Code of the Philippines, Fire Code of the Philippines, NFPA 13,
Manufacturer Standard are carefully in the design process, installation, operation
and in the maintenance stage.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

In the total system design of the Fire Protection and Sprinkler System to be
installed at the Paper Making Manufacturing Plant, the pipe scheduling and the
hydraulic calculation are most critical and command in the success of this design.
The answers to the following questions will help the proponent or the installer to
determine a desirable, reliable and economical design.

1. What design of fire protection and sprinkler system best suit in the
Paper Making Manufacturing Plant?
2. What is the capacity of the pumps, fire cistern tank, pipe sizing based
on the hydraulic calculation?
 2

3. What are the equipment/ machine specifications and lay-out plans of

fire protection and sprinkler systems?
4. What is the total cost and financial analysis of fire protection and
sprinkler system installation?

1.3 Objectives of the Engineering Report

The main objective of this engineering report is to have a complete design

process of plans for water-based fire protection systems for the Paper Making
Manufacturing Plant.

More specifically, it will be able to:

1. Submit a complete Fire Protection System design that makes the Paper
Making Manufacturing Plant compliant to the building code of the
Philippines.
2. Identify the capacity of the pumps, fire cistern tank, pipe sizing based
on the hydraulic calculation and standards.
3. Identify the suitable fire protection system equipment and sprinkler
system specifications and lay-out plans based on standards.
4. Determine the over-all cost in installing the fire protection system
design.

1.4 The Significance of the Engineering Report

With proper design and installation of a fire protection system, the building
users will be safe and its facilities can be save from fire disaster. This engineering
design report will benefit the Paper Making Manufacturing Plant users by means of
having a detailed Fire Sprinkler system design such as water-based fire sprinkler
system.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

The scope and limitation of the engineering report are based on the given
general information provided. The design considerations are based on the Bureau
of Fire Protection (BFP) requirements and standards. Most of the standards used
are based on the Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code 2008, and the National
Fire Protection Association (NFPA 13)
 3

In the basic design requirements, the proponent limits himself within the
given parameters of the Paper Making Manufacturing Plant and focus on the design
calculation standards.

1.6 Definition of Terms in the Engineering Report

The following words and terms of this engineering report and as used
elsewhere have the meanings shown herein, is properly defined operationally to
make it meaningful and understandable.

Alarm Notification Appliance – a fire alarm system component such as a bell,

horn, speaker, light, or text display that provides audible, tactile, or visible outputs,
or any combination thereof.

Alarm Signal – a signal indicating an emergency requiring immediate action, such

as a signal indicative of fire.

Alarm Verification Feature – a feature of automatic fire detection and alarm

systems to reduce unwanted alarms wherein smoke detectors report alarm
conditions for a minimum period of time, or confirm alarm conditions within a
given time period. After being automatically reset, in order to be accepted as a valid
alarm-indication signal.

Annunciator – a unit containing one or more indicator lamps, alphanumeric

displays, or other equivalent means in which each indication provides status
information about a circuit, condition or location.

Audible Alarm Notification Appliance – a notification appliance that alerts

through the sense of hearing.

Automatic Sprinkler- as applied to fire protection devices, is a device or system

providing an emergency function without the necessity for human intervention and
activated as a result of a pre-determined temperature rise, rate of temperature rise,
or combustion products.

Automatic Fire Extinguishing System – an approved system of devices and

equipment which automatically detects a fire and discharges an approved fire-
extinguishing agent onto or in the area of a fire.
 4

Automatic Sprinkler System – a sprinkler system, for fire protection purposes, is

an integrated system of underground and overhead piping designed in accordance
with fire protection engineering standards. The system includes a suitable water
supply. The portion of the system above the ground is a network of specially sized
or hydraulically designed piping installed in a structure or area, generally overhead,
and to which automatic sprinklers are connected in a systematic pattern. The system
is usually activated by heat from a fire and discharge water over the fire area.

Average Ambient Sound Level – the root mean square. A weighted sound pressure
level measured over a 24-hour period.

Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing System – a system supplying carbon dioxide from

a pressurized vessel through fixed pipes and nozzles. The system includes a manual
or automatic actuating mechanism.

Clean Agent – electrically non-conducting. Volatile, or gaseous fire extinguisher

that does not leave a residue upon evaporation.

Constantly Attended Location – a designated location at a facility staffed by

trained personnel on a continuous basis where alarm or supervisory signals are
monitored and facilities are provided for notification of the fire department or other
emergency services.

Deluge System – a sprinkler system employing open sprinklers attached to a piping

system connected to a water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation
of a detection system installed in the same area as the sprinklers. When this valve
opens, water flows into the piping system and discharges from all sprinklers
attached there.

Heat detector – a fire detector that senses heat produced by burning substances.
Heat is the energy produced by combustion that causes substances to rise in
temperature.

Dry Chemical Extinguishing Agent – a powder composed of small particles,

usually of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, urea potassium based
bicarbonate, potassium chloride or mono-ammonium phosphate, with added
 5

particulate material supplemented by special treatment to provide resistance to

packing resistance to moisture absorption (caking) and the proper flow capabilities.

Emergency Alarm System – a system to provide indication and warning of

emergency situations involving hazardous materials.

Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications – dedicated manual or automatic

facilities for originating and disturbing voice instructions as well as alert and
evacuation signals pertaining to a fire emergency, to the occupants of a building.

Fire Alarm Control Unit – a system component that receives inputs from
automatic and manual fire alarm devices and is capable of supplying power to
detection devices and transponders of off-premises transmitters. The control unit is
capable of providing a transfer of power to the notification appliances and transfer
of condition to relays of devices.

Fire Alarm Signal – a signal initiated by a fire alarm-initiating device such as a

manual fire alarm box, automatic fire detector, water-flow switch, or other device
whose activation is indicative of the presence of a fire or fire signature.

Fire Alarm System – a system or portion of a combination system consisting of

components and circuits arranged to monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm
or supervisory signal-initiating devices and to initiate the appropriate response to
those signals.

Fire Appliance – apparatus or equipment provided or installed/ or use in the event

of an emergency.

Fire Area – the aggregate floor area enclosed and bounded by fire walls, fire
barriers, exterior walls, or fire-resistance rated horizontal assemblies of a bulding.

Automatic Fire Detector – a device designed to detect the presence of a fire

signature and to initiate action.

Fire Protection System – approved devices, equipment and system or

combinations of systems used to detect a fire, activate an alarm, extinguish or
control a fire, control or manage smoke and products of a fire or any combination.
 6

Fire System Functions – building and fire control functions that are intended to
increase the level of safety for occupants or to control the spread of the harmful
effects of fire.

Foam Extinguishing System – a special system discharging a foam made from

concentrates, either mechanically or chemically, over the area to provide protection.

Halogenated Extinguishing System – a fire extinguishing system using one or

more atoms of an element from the halogen chemical series: fluorine, chlorine,
bromine, and iodine.

Impairment Coordinator – the person responsible for the maintenance of a

particular fire protection system.

Initiating Device – a system component that originates transmission of a change of

state condition such as in a smoke detector, manual fire alarm box, or supervisory
switch.

Manual Fire Alarm Box – a manually operated device sued to initiate an alarm
signal.

Multiple Station Alarm Device – two or more single station alarm devices that can
be interconnected such that the actuation of one causes all integral or separate
audible alarms to operate. It can also consist of one single station alarm device
having connections to other detectors or to a manual fire alarm box.

Multiple Station Smoke Alarm – two or more single station alarm devices that are
capable of interconnection such that the actuation of one causes all integral or
separate audible alarms to operate.

Nuisance Alarm – an alarm caused by mechanical failure, malfunction, improper

installation, or lack of proper maintenance, or an alarm activated by a cause that
cannot be determined.

Record Drawings – drawings that document the location of all devices, appliances,
wiring sequences, wiring methods, and connections of the components of a fire
alarm system as installed.
 7

Single Station Smoke Alarm – an assembly incorporating the detector, the control
equipment, and the alarm sounding device in one unit, operated from a power
supply either in the unit or obtained at the point of installation.

Sleeping Unit – a room or space in which people sleep, which can also include
permanent provisions for living, eating, and either sanitation or kitchen facilities
but not both. Such rooms and spaces that are also part of a dwelling unit are not
sleeping units.

Supervising Stations – a facility that receives signals and at which personnel are
in attendance at all times to respond to these signals.

Supervisor Service – the service required to monitor performance of guard tours

and the operative condition of fixed suppression system or other systems for the
protection of life and property.

Supervisory Signal – a signal indicating the need of action in connection with the
supervision of guard tours, the fire suppression systems or equipment, or the
maintenance features of related systems.

Supervisory Signal Initiating Device – an initiating device such as a valve

supervisory switch, water level indicator, low air pressure switch on a dry pipe
sprinkler system whose change or state signals an off normal condition and its
restoration to normal of a fire protection or life safety system; or a need for action
in connection with guard tours, fire suppression system or equipment, or
maintenance features of related systems.

Tires Bulk Storage – storage of tires where the area available for storage exceeds
20,000 cubic feet (566 m3).

Trouble Signal – a signal initiated by the fire alarm system or device indicative of
a fault in a monitored circuit or component.

Visible Alarm Notification Appliance – a notification appliance that alerts

through the sense of sight.
 8

Wet Chemical Extinguishing Agent – a solution of water and potassium

carbonate-based chemical, potassium acetate based chemical or a combination
thereof, fanning an extinguishing agent.

Wireless Protection System – a system or a part of a system that can transmit and
receive signals without the aid of wire.

Zone – a defined area within the protected premises. A zone can define an area form
which a signal can be received, an area to which a signal can be sent, or an area in
which a form of control can be executed.
 9

CHAPTER 2

THE GENERAL INFORMATION AND DESIGN PRESENTATION

2.1 General Information

Codes require specific information to be provided as part of the sprinkler

plans to help the code enforcement officer ensure the sprinkler system meets all
applicable codes. Below are the basic information requirement considered in the
design framework:

1. Name of Building: Paper Making from Abaca Fiber Manufacturing

Plant
2. Number of Storey: One (1) Storey Building
3. Building Area: 1000 m2
4. Building Location, including street address: Salay, Misamis
Oriental
5. Site Location Map of Paper Making from Abaca Fiber

Manufacturing Plant
 10

Building Floor Plan

 11

3D Sprinkler System Layout

6. Type of Occupancy
 12

The Paper Making Manufacturing Plant is under the Ordinary

Hazards Group 3 classification based from PSME Code 2008 or see
Classification of Occupancies.

2.2 PRESENTATION OF THE DESIGN

A. Design Data Consideration

1. Basis of Design Standards :NFPA 13

:PSME Code 2008, Edition
2. Type of System :Wet-based Fire Protection System
3. Type/Classification of Occupancy :Processing Plants
4. Hazard Classification :Ordinary Hazards Group 3
5. Water Density :0.19 gpm/ft2 (PSME CODE 2008)
6. Design Area of Sprinkler Operation :1500 ft2 (PSME CODE 2008)
7. Coverage Area per Sprinkler :130 ft2 (NFPA 13)
1500
8. Number of Sprinkler Heads :( 130 )=11.5 ≈ 12

9. Pipe Material :Commercial Steel

:Absolute Roughness (e): 0.045 mm
:Hazen-Williams “C” Value: 130
10. Orifice Size :5.6
11. Fire Hose :250 gpm
12. Dynamic Viscosity :0.000852 kg/m.s
13. Water Density :996.59 kg/m3
14. Engineering Formulas used :

1 𝑒/𝑑 2.51
Colebrook’s Equation : = -2.0log( 3.7 + )
√𝑓 𝑅𝑒√𝑓

𝜌𝑉𝐷
Reynolds Number : Re = 𝜇

𝑓𝐿𝑉 2 𝑉2
Darcy-Weisbach Equation: (head loss) :HL = ; K(2𝑔)
2𝑔𝐷

10.67𝐿𝑄 1.85
Hazen-Williams Equation: (head loss) :HL = 𝐶 1.85 𝐷 4.87
 13

Pressure Drop :P = 𝜌ghL

Bernoulli Equation
𝑃 (𝑉1 )2 𝑃 (𝑉2 )2
: 𝜌𝑔1 + +𝑍1 +hpump=𝜌𝑔2 + +Z2+hloss
2𝑔 2𝑔

Where:

f =friction factor

e/d =pipe relative roughness

𝜌 =water density (kg/m3)

V =velocity (m/s)

D =diameter (m)

𝜇 =dynamic viscosity (kg/m.s)

g =gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s2)

Q =volume Flow Rate (m3/s)

P1 =pressure at suction (KPa)

P2 =pressure at discharge (KPa)

V1 =velocity at suction (m/s)

V2 =velocity at discharge (m/s)

Z1 =intake source elevation based on pump centerline (m)

Z2 =discharge elevation based on pump centerline (m)

HL =head loss (m)

Conversion factors:

1 in. =25.4 mm
 14

1 ft. =0.3048 m

1 hp =0.7457 kW

1 gal =3.785 L

1L =0.001 m3

2.3 Equipment Selection

Specifications :200 gpm - 5000 gpm

:40 - 490 psi

:Suitable for electric or diesel drives

:Approved/NFPA -20 design for commercial/ institutional building

Specifications :80-1000 gpm

:135 psi

:Electric Driven Motor

:Approved by NFPA-20 design for commercial/institutional

building

2.4 Detailed Hydraulic Calculations

Flow in Sprinkler Heads:

 15

Qn=(gpm/sq.ft x coverage area per sprinkler) (gpm)

Qt=Qn(no. of sprinklers) (gpm)
= 0.19 x 130 =24.7 gpm
= 24.7 x 12 =296.4 gpm
Total Flow Rate:
Qfr=Qt + Fire Hose Flow rate (gpm)
= 250 + 296.4 =546.4 gpm

A. Pipe Longest Run:

Diameter Coefficient of Length Flow Rate Gravitational
Hazen-Williams Acceleration
0.025 m 130 4.50 m 0.0030 m3/s 9.81 m/s2
0.03 m 130 5.0 m 0.0070 m3/s 9.81 m/s2
0.038 m 130 3.0 m 0.010 m3/s 9.81 m/s2
0.065 m 130 31.90 m 0.023 m3/s 9.81 m/s2
0.10 m 130 24.0 m 0.023 m3/s 9.81 m/s2

Pipe Area Absolute Velocity Reynolds Relative

Roughness Number Roughness
(e/d)
0.0005 m2 0.000045 m 5.80 m/s 169,132 0.0018
0.0007 m2 0.000045 m 10.0 m/s 352,358 0.0015
0.001 m2 0.000045 m 8.80 m/s 389,448 0.0012
0.003 m2 0.000045 m 6.80 m/s 516,791 0.0007
0.008 m2 0.000045 m 2.90 m/s 335,914 0.00045

Friction Factor Head Loss Head Loss Pressure Drop Pressure Drop
(Darcy- (Hazen- (Darcy- (Hazen-
Weisbach) Williams) Weisbach) Williams)
 16

0.0239 7.335 m 7.261 m 71, 708.4494 Pa 70, 986.61259

Pa
0.0224 19.185 m 18.085 m 187, 564.5114 176, 811.3884
Pa Pa
0.0211 6.518 m 6.395 m 63, 720.79824 62, 521.91573
Pa Pa
0.0187 21.61 m 22.686 m 211, 276.2795 221, 794.2565
Pa Pa
0.0178 1.796 m 2.094 m 17, 555.63239 20, 476.64972
Pa Pa

Total: 56.44 m 56.52 m 551, 825.671 Pa 552, 590.8229

Pa

Valve Head Loss:

Type Diameter Flow Rate Pipe Area

Flow Gate Valve 0.10 m 0.023 m3/s 0.008 m2
Main Gate Valve 0.10 m 0.023 m3/s 0.008 m2
FP- Discharge Gate 0.10 m 0.023 m3/s 0.008 m2
valve
Swing Check Valve 0.10 m 0.023 m3/s 0.008 m2

Velocity Coefficient of Equivalent Length Le/D

Hazen-Williams
2.872 m/s 130 0.823 m 8.230
2.872 m/s 130 0.823 m 8.230
2.872 m/s 130 0.823 m 8.230
2.872 m/s 130 6.7056 m 67.056

Gravitational KL Head Loss Head Loss Pressure Pressure

Acceleration (Darcy- (Hazen- Drop Drop
Weisbach) Williams) (Darcy- (Hazen-
Weisbach) Williams)
9.81 m/s2 0.20 0.084 m 0.072 m 821.892902 702.1784467
Pa Pa
 17

9.81 m/s2 0.20 0.084 m 0.072 m 821.892902 702.1784467

Pa Pa
9.81 m/s2 0.20 0.084 m 0.072 m 821.892902 702.1784467
Pa Pa
9.81 m/s2 2.0 0.84 m 0.585 m 8,218.92902 5,721.175932
Pa Pa

Total: 1.092 m 0.801 m 10,684.60773 7,827.711272

Pa Pa

Reducer Head Loss:

Type (m x m) Diameter In Diameter Out Flow Rate

0.03 m x 0.025 m 0.030 m 0.025 m 0.003 m3/s
0.038 m x 0.03 m 0.038 m 0.030 m 0.007 m3/s

Gravitational Pipe Area Velocity Diameter Ratio

Acceleration (Do/Di)
9.81 m/s2 0.0005 m2 5.784 m/s 0.833
9.81 m/s2 0.0007 m2 10.04 m/s 0.789

KL Head Loss (Darcy- Pressure Drop (Darcy-

Weisbach) Weisbach)
0.10 0.1705 m 1, 666.859253 Pa
0.15 0.771 m 7, 536.075181 Pa

Total: 0.9415 m 9, 202.934433 Pa

Elbow/Tee Head Loss:

Type Quantity Diameter Flow Rate

 18

Elbow 1 0.0380 m 0.0070 m3/s

Elbow 5 0.0650 m 0.010 m3/s
Elbow 1 0.100 m 0.020 m3/s
Tee 1 0.0650 m 0.010 m3/s

Pipe Area Velocity Equivalent Length Le/D

0.001 m2 6.26 m/s 1.524 m 40.11
0.003 m2 3.0 m/s 2.4384 m 37.51
0.008 m2 2.87 m/s 4.2672 m 42.70
0.003 m2 3.0 m/s 3.6576 m 56.30

KL Head Loss Head Loss Pressure Drop Pressure Drop

(Darcy-Weisbach) (Hazen- (Darcy- (Hazen-
Williams) Weisbach) Williams)
0.90 1.80 m 1.743 m 17, 564.99783 Pa 17, 043.53389 Pa
0.90 2.06 m 1.903 m 20, 107.33751 Pa 18, 605.61563 Pa
0.90 0.378 m 0.372 m 3, 698.518059 Pa 3, 640.74832 Pa

2.0 0.914 m 0.571 m 8, 936.594451 Pa 5, 581.684688 Pa

Total: 5.152 m 4.589 m 50, 307.44786 44, 871.58253 Pa

Pa

Therefore:

Pump Rating:
 19

Darcy-Weisbach Hazen-Williams
28.875 kW 28.336 kW
38.70 Hp 38 Hp

Jockey Pump:

Darcy-Weisbach Hazen-Williams
2.888 kW 2.834 kW
3.90 Hp 3.80 Hp

Cistern Tank Capacity:

Volume 40.60 m3

Total Pressure Drop:

Darcy-Weisbach Hazen-Williams
622, 020.661 Pa 605, 290.1167 Pa

B. Detailed Manual Calculation:

Pipe Longest Run

Solution:

𝜋
Pipe Area :A = 4 (d)2

𝜋
A1 @ 0.025 m diameter; 4 (0.025 m)2 =0.0005 m2

𝜋
A2 @0.030 m diameter; 4 (0.03 m)2 =0.0007 m2

𝜋
A3 @0.038 m diameter; 4 (0.038 m)2 =0.001 m2

𝜋
A4 @0.065 m diameter; 4 (0.065 m)2 =0.003 m2
 20

𝜋
A5 @0.100 m diameter; 4 (0.1 m)2 =0.008 m2

Velocity :V = Q/A

V1 = 0.003 / 0.0005 =5.80 m/s

V2 = 0.007 / 0.0007 =10.0 m/s

V3 = 0.01 / 0.001 =8.80 m/s

V4 = 0.02 / 0.003 =6.80 m/s

V5 = 0.02 / 0.008 =2.90 m/s

𝜌𝑉𝐷
Reynolds Number :Re = 𝜇

Re1 = 996.59 x 5.783683502 x 0.025 / 0.000852 =169, 132.0132

Re2 = 996.59 x 10.04111719 x 0.030 / 0.000852 =352, 358.3589

Re3 = 996.59 x 8.761639653 x 0.038 / 0.000852 =389, 448.7124

Re4 = 996.59 x 6.797063945 x 0.065 / 0.000852 =516, 792.2597

Re5 = 996.59 x 2.871759517 x 0.100 / 0.000852 =335, 914.9689

𝟏 𝒆 𝟐.𝟓𝟏
Friction Factor : = −2.0𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑫(𝟑.𝟕) + )
√𝒇 𝑹𝒆√𝒇

1 0.0018 2.51
= -2.0log( + 169 132.0123√f)
√f 3.7

f =0.02390

1 0.0015 2.51
= -2.0log( + 352 358.3589√f)
√f 3.7
 21

f =0.02240

1 0.001184210526 2.51
= -2.0log( + 389 448.7124√f)
√f 3.7

f =0.02110

1 0.0006923076923 2.51
= -2.0log( + 516 792.2597√f)
√f 3.7

f =0.01870

1 0.00045 2.51
= -2.0log( + )
√f 3.7 335 914.9689√f

f =0.01780

𝑓𝐿𝑉 2
Head Loss (Darcy-Weisbach) :𝐻𝐿 = 2𝑔𝐷

0.0239(4.5)(5.783683502)2
HL1 = =7.335 m
2(9.81)(0.025)

0.0224(5)(10.04111719)2
HL2 = =19.185 m
2(9.81)(0.03)

0.0211(3)(8.761639653)2
HL3 = =6.518 m
2(9.81)(0.038)

0.0187(31.9)(6.797063945)2
HL4 = =21.61 m
2(9.81)(0.065)

0.0178(24)(2.871759517)2
HL5 = =1.796 m
2(9.81)(0.1)

Total Head Loss =𝐻𝐿1 + 𝐻𝐿2 + 𝐻𝐿3 + 𝐻𝐿4 + 𝐻𝐿5

Total Head Loss =56.444 m

10.67𝐿𝑄 1.85
Head Loss (Hazen-Williams) :𝐻𝐿 = 𝐶 1.85 𝐷 4.87

10.67(4.5)(0.002839059)1.85
HL1 = (130)1.85 (0.025)4.87
=7.261 m
 22

10.67(5)(0.0070976475)1.85
HL2 = =18.085 m
(130)1.85 (0.03)4.87

10.67(3)(0.0099367065)1.85
HL3 = =6.395 m
(130)1.85 (0.038)4.87

10.67(31.9)(0.0225547465)1.85
HL4 = =22.686 m
(130)1.85 (0.065)4.87

10.67(24)(0.0225547465)1.85
HL5 = =2.094 m
(130)1.85 (0.1)4.87

Total Head Loss =𝐻𝐿1 + 𝐻𝐿2 + 𝐻𝐿3 + 𝐻𝐿4 + 𝐻𝐿5

Total Head Loss =56.521 m

Valve Head Loss

Solution:

𝑉2
Head Loss (Darcy-Weisbach) :𝐻𝐿 = 𝐾 ( )
2𝑔

HL = 0.2 x (2.871759517)2 / 2 x 9.81 =0.084 m

H1 = H2 = H3 =0.084 m

𝐻4 =0.84 m

Total Head Loss =𝐻𝐿1 + 𝐻𝐿2 + 𝐻𝐿3 + 𝐻𝐿4

Total Head Loss =1.092 m

10.67𝐿𝑄 1.85
Head Loss (Hazen-Williams) :𝐻𝐿 = 𝐶 1.85 𝐷 4.87

HL = 10.67(0.823)(0.0225547465)1.85 / (130)1.85(0.1)4.87 =0.072 m

H1 = H2 = H3 =0.072 m
 23

H4 = 10.67(6.7056)(0.0225547465)1.85 / (130)1.85(0.1)4.87 =0.585 m

Total Head Loss =𝐻𝐿1 + 𝐻𝐿2 + 𝐻𝐿3 + 𝐻𝐿4

Total Head Loss =0.801 m

Reducer Head Loss

Solution:

𝑉2
Head Loss (Darcy-Weisbach) :𝐻𝐿 = 𝐾 (2𝑔)

H1 = 0.1(5.783683502)2 / 2 x 9.81 =0.1705 m

H2 = 0.15(10.04111719)2 / 2 x 9.81 =0.771 m

Total Head Loss =𝐻𝐿1 + 𝐻𝐿2

Total Head Loss =0.9415 m

Elbow Head Loss

Solution:

𝑉2
Head Loss (Darcy-Weisbach) :𝐻𝐿 = 𝐾 (2𝑔)

H1 = 0.9(6.258314038)2 / 2 x 9.81 =1.80 m

H2 = 0.9(2.99450873)2 (5) / 2 x 9.81 =2.06 m

H3 = 0.9(2.871753596)2 / 2 x 9.81 =0.378 m

H3 = 0.9(2.99450873)2 / 2 x 9.81 =0.914 m

Total Head Loss =𝐻𝐿1 + 𝐻𝐿2 + 𝐻𝐿3 + 𝐻𝐿4

Total Head Loss =5.152 m

10.67𝐿𝑄 1.85
Head Loss (Hazen-Williams) :𝐻𝐿 = 𝐶 1.85 𝐷 4.87
 24

H1 = 10.67(1.524)( 0.007097648)1.85 / (130)1.85(0.038)4.87 =1.743 m

H2 = 10.67(2.4384)( 0.0099367)1.85 (5)/ (130)1.85(0.065)4.87 =1.903 m

H3 = 10.67(4.2672)( 0.0225547)1.85 / (130)1.85(0.1)4.87 =0.372 m

H4 = 10.67(3.6576)( 0.0099367)1.85 / (130)1.85(0.065)4.87 =0.571 m

Total Head Loss =𝐻𝐿1 + 𝐻𝐿2 + 𝐻𝐿3 + 𝐻𝐿4

Total Head Loss =4.589 m

Summation of Total Head Loss :Darcy-Weisbach

Total Head Loss =𝐻𝐿1 + 𝐻𝐿2 + 𝐻𝐿3 + 𝐻𝐿4

= 56.444 m + 1.092 m + 0.9415 m + 5.152 m

Total Head Loss =63.6295 m

Summation of Total Head Loss :Hazen-Williams

Total Head Loss =𝐻𝐿1 + 𝐻𝐿2 + 𝐻𝐿3

= 56.521 m + 0.801 m + 4.589 m

Total Head Loss =61.911 m

Solving for Pump Power:

𝑄 2 22.5 2 6.894757 𝐾𝑃𝑎

Pressure = (𝐾) → ( 5.6 ) =16.14 psi( )
1 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Pressure =111.3 kPa

𝑃 (𝑉1 )2 𝑃 (𝑉2 )2
Bernoulli Equation : 𝜌𝑔1 + +𝑍1 +hpump=𝜌𝑔2 + +Z2+hloss
2𝑔 2𝑔

Total Dynamic Head Loss (TDH) :Darcy-Weisbach

𝑃2
𝐻𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 = + 𝑍2 + 𝐻𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠
𝜌𝑔
 25

111.3
𝐻𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 = + 28 + 63.6295
1000(9.81)

Hpump = 91.641 m

Total Dynamic Head Loss (TDH) : Hazen-Williams

111.3
𝐻𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 = + 28 + 61.911
1000(9.81)

Hpump = 89.922 m

Pump Rating: Darcy-Weisbach

𝜌𝑔𝑄ℎ𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
W= ƞ

996.9(9.81)(0.0225547465)(91.6 )
= ;1 Hp = 0.7457 kW
0.70

W = 28.875 kW

W = 38.722 Hp

Jockey Pump:

W =0.10(28.875 kW)

W = 2.8875 KW

W = 3.8722 Hp
Pump Rating: Hazen-Williams
 26

𝜌𝑔𝑄ℎ𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
W= ƞ

996.9(9.81)(0.0225547465)(90)
= ;1 Hp = 0.7457 kW
0.70

W = 28.336 KW

W = 38 Hp

Jockey Pump:

W =0.10(28.336 kW)

W = 2.8336 KW

W = 3.8 Hp

Cistern Tank Capacity:

V = Total Flow Rate(time)

𝑔𝑎𝑙 3.785 𝐿 0.001𝑚3

V = 357.5 𝑚𝑖𝑛(30 min) = 10725 gal( 1 𝑔𝑎𝑙 ) ( ) = 40.60 m3
1𝐿

Pressure Drop

Pipe Longest Run :∆P = 𝜌ghL

Darcy-Weisbach

P1 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 7.334667676 = 71708.4494 Pa

P2 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 19.18495478 = 187564.5114 Pa

P3 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 6.517654238 = 63720.79824 Pa

P4 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 21.61030271 = 211276.2795 Pa

P5 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 1.795670252 = 17555.63239 Pa

Total = 551825.671 Pa

Hazen-Williams
 27

P1 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 7.260834911 = 70986.61259 Pa

P2 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 18.08507625 = 176811.3884 Pa

P3 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 6.39502706 = 62521.91573 Pa

P4 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 22.68612943 = 221794.2565 Pa

P5 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 2.094445244 = 20476.64972 Pa

Total = 552590.8229 Pa

Valve

Darcy-Weisbach

P1 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 0.084066959 = 821.892902 Pa

P2 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 0.084066959 = 821.892902 Pa

P3 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 0.084066959 = 821.892902 Pa

P4 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 0.840669594 = 8218.92902 Pa

Total = 10684.60773 Pa

Hazen-Williams

P1 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 0.071822018 = 702.1784467 Pa

P2 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 0.071822018 = 702.1784467 Pa

P3 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 0.071822018 = 702.1784467 Pa

P4 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 0.585188001 = 5721.175932 Pa

Total = 7827.711272 Pa

Reducer

Darcy-Weisbach

P1 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 0.170493976 = 1666.859253 Pa

P2 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 0.770824185 = 7536.075181 Pa

Total = 9202.934433 Pa
 28

Elbow/Tee

Darcy-Weisbach

P1 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 1.796628192 = 17564.99783 Pa

P2 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 2.056670305 = 20107.33751 Pa

P3 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 0.378301317 = 3698.518059 Pa

P4 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 0.914075691 = 8936.594451 Pa

Total = 50307.44786 Pa

Hazen-Williams

P1 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 1.743290479 = 17043.53389 Pa

P2 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 1.903067333 = 18605.61563 Pa

P3 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 0.372392364 = 3640.74832 Pa

P4 = 996.6 x 9.81 x 0.5709202 = 5581.684688 Pa

Total = 44871.58253 Pa

Total Pressure Drop

Darcy-Weisbach

PT = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4

= 551825.671 Pa + 10684.60773 Pa + 9202.934433 Pa + 50307.44786 Pa

∆PT = 622.020661 Kpa≈90.22 psi

Hazen-Williams

PT = P1 + P2 + P3

= 552590.8229 Pa + 7827.711272 Pa + 44871.58253 Pa

∆PT = 605.29 Kpa≈87.79 psi

 29

2.5 Maintenance

Fire detection, alarm and extinguishing system shall be maintained in an

operative condition at all times, and shall be replaced or repaired where defective.
Non-required fire protection systems and equipment shall be inspected, tested and
maintained or removed.

Inspection is the visual and mechanical checking of the condition of

equipment, performed on a regular basis to determine the extent of the maintenance
and repair required.

Testing is a mechanical or electrical, check on the condition of system or

equipment such as water flow tests, alarm tests or trip tests, pumps facility
condition.

Maintenance is the day-to-day, periodic or scheduled work required to

preserve or restore an equipment to a condition so it can be effectively used for its
designed purpose.

Prompt maintenance or repairs in an economical and workable manner is

essential for personnel safety to protect the facility from extensive fire damage.
Maintenance of automatic sprinkler system are necessary to make sure they function
normally. A water supply system, the source and quantity of water is of fundamental
importance to ensure continued existence of proper flow.

Fire pump installation shall be inspected in accordance with the following

on a weekly basis; on a semi-annual basis, on an annual basis.

2.6 Testing and Inspection

The system shall be inspected and reports should be written regarding its
condition. The following inspection and test frequencies are applicable on a
monthly basis, on a semi-annual basis, on an annual basis.

To perform a visual inspection of sprinkler system that all control valves are
locked in their normal or open position, a sprinkler control valve stem shall be oiled
 30

or greased at least once a year, includes indicator valves, outside screw and yoke
valves and valve in pits.
 31

CHAPTER 3

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

3.1 Costs and Estimates of Material Supplies and Installations

The cost of the materials and labor used of the project are based both local
and foreign sources at present price. Price changes are considered upon
implementation, considering also sometimes a delay of processing on the approval
of the project and the processing of the permits.

Item Description Qty. Material Material Labor Cost Total

Cost Cost (Php) Amount
(Php) Total (Php)
(Php)
1 Sprinkler 192 250.00 48,000 19,200/pc 67,200
Heads 1/2 “
Diameter
2 B.I. Pipe 1” 1450 ft. 85.00 6,163 2,465/length 8,628
diameter
3 B.I. Pipe 490 ft. 110.00 2,695 1,078/length 3,773
1(1/4)”
diameter
4 B.I. Pipe 3” 1020 ft. 225.00 11,475 4,590/length 16,065
diameter
B.I. Pipe 50 ft. 130.00 325.00 130.00/length 455.00
1.5”
5 B.I. Pipe 4” 80 ft 345.00 1,380 552.00/length 1,932
diameter
6 6011 Nihon 50 170.00 8,500 3,400/kilo 11,900
7 6012 Nihon 50 145.00 7,250 2,900/kilo 10,150
8 Red Lead 10 3,240 32,400 12,960/L 45,360
4L
 32

9 Cutting 30 125.00 3,750 1,500/pc 5,250

Disk
(Tyrolit
3Star)
10 Grinding 30 130.00 3,900 1,560/pc 5,460
Disk
(Tyrolit
3Star)

Item Description Qty. Material Material Labor Total

Cost Cost Cost (Php) Amount
(Php) Total (Php)
(Php)
11 Paint Brush 30 35.00 1,050 420.00/pc 1,470
3”
12 Fire 18 2,650 47,700 19,080/unit 66,780
Extinguisher
(9.1 kg)
13 Fire Hose 12 15,000 180,000 72,000/unit 252,000
14 Elbow 90° 176 58.00 10,208 4,083/pc 14,291
1”
15 Elbow 90° 20 88.00 1,760 704.00/pc 2,464
1(1/4)”
16 Elbow 90° 14 490.00 6,860 2,744/pc 9,604
3”
17 Elbow 90° 1 895.00 895.00 358.00/pc 1,253
4”
18 Tee 51 76.00 3,876 1,550/pc 5,426
(Threaded)
1”
 33

Item Description Qty. Material Material Labor Total

Cost Total Cost Amount
(Php) Cost (Php) (Php)
(Php)
19 Tee 35 125.00 4,375 1,750/pc 6,125
(Threaded)
1(1/4)”
20 Tee 59 660.00 38,940 15,576/pc 54,516
(Threaded)
3”
21 Tee 6 1,210 7,260 2,904/pc 10,164
(Threaded)
4”
22 Tee 6 155.00 930.00 372.00/pc 1,302
(Threaded)
1(1/2)”
23 Teflon Tape 20 158.00 3,160 1,264/pc 4,424
per box
24 Fire Pump 1 234,000 234,000 93,600/set 327,600
25 Jockey 1 64,000 64,000 25,600/set 89,600
Pump
26 Main Gate 1 150,000 150,000 60,000/set 210,000
Valve
27 Swing 1 274,000 247,000 98,800/set 345,800
Check
Valve
28 Discharge 1 15,000 15,000 6,000/set 21,000
Gate Valve
29 Reducer 29 23.00 667.00 267.00/pc 934.00
 34

Grand Total 1,600,926.00

(Php):

Therefore, the Paper Making Manufacturing Plant needs a total of

1,600,926 Php for its Fire Protection and Sprinkler System.

3.2 Economic Analysis

Rate of Return and Return on Investment

The Paper Making from Abaca Fiber Manufacturing Plant has a total amount for its
new Fire Protection and Sprinkler System of about 1,600,926 Php. The
manufacturing plant plans to borrow the total amount of expenses for the
installation of the Fire Protection System for 1 year with a Rate of Return (ROR) of
5%. The total amount due after 1 year is to be determined.

Solution:

Interest = 1,600,926 Php x 5% = 80,046.15 Php

Therefore, the total amount that should be paid by the Manufacturing Plant within
1 year is,

Total Due = 1,600,926 Php + 80,046.15 Php

Total Due = 1,680,972.15

Php
 35

CHAPTER 4

EVALUATION, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Evaluation

This design, installation, operation maintenance of the fire protection and

sprinkler system is a big help to employees safety that hold transactions and services
at the Paper Making from Abaca Fiber Manufacturing Plant especially when fire
occurs.

4.2 Conclusion

It is therefore concluded that based on the hydraulic calculation and pipe

scheduling, this can determine the exact water flow requirements and total pressure
needed in installing fire protection system and pump facilities.

4.3 Recommendations

1. Fire Pump Rating – 45 Hp, 600 gpm, 305 ft. TDH

2. Jockey Pump Rating – 5 Hp, 305 ft. TDH

3. Fire Tank Capacity – 40 m3

4. Total Number of Sprinklers in building – 60

 36

REFERENCE

Philippine Society of Mechanical Enigneers Code . (2003).

NFPA 13 - Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems . (2013).

Benjamin Stein, J. S. (n.d.). Mecanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings 9th
Edition

Yunus A. Cengel, J. M. (n.d.). Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications 3rd

Edition .

(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.stlpipesupply.com/blog/benefits-of-seamless-steel-

commercial-pipe/#more-2371
 37

APPENDICES

A.1 Tables and Charts

*From NFPA 13 – Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2013 edition

*From NFPA 13 – Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2013 edition
 38

*From NFPA 13 – Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2013 edition

*From NFPA 13 – Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2013 edition
 39

*From NFPA 13 – Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2013 edition

*From NFPA 13 – Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2013 edition
 40

*From NFPA 13 – Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2013 edition

*From NFPA 13 – Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2013 edition
 41

*From NFPA 13 – Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2013 edition

*From NFPA 13 – Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2013 edition
 42

*From Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications 3rd Edition; Cengel,

Cimbala