CLAUSES
Clause [kalausa ]: bagian kalimat yang memiliki subject: N] dan verb [ kata kerja]
Jenis klausa
Independent Clause [ klausa independen] atau Main Clause [ klausa utama]
→Klausa yang dapat berdiri sendiri sebagai kalimat utuh dan bermakna.
Dependent Clause [Klausa dependen ]atau sub –Calause[anak kalimat]
→Klausa yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri sebagai kalimat.
Ada tiga jenis dependent clauses [ anak kalimat],yaitu:
1.ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
Adjective Clause : Klausa yang memberikan informasi tambahan mengenai noun [ kata
benda].
Relative pronoun : [ kata ganti ]yang menghubungkan induk kalimat dan klausa itu
sendiri[ who,whom,which,that,whose, and where]
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTOR
That Which Wh Whos Whom Where
o e
S + V + O Adjective connector + S + V
He knows a guy whom/that l met last night
I like a book which / that you recommended.
I saw a man whose car was stolen
The place where she lives is far from here
The book which/that you recommended was interesting
He meets a girl who/that wears a white skirt.
The girl who/that wears a white skirt is not here
Reduced Adjective Clause
Menyederhanakan klausa menjadi bentuk frasa
Hanya adjective clause yang memakai penghubung who,which,atau that
[a] Cls : The man who is talking to john is Korean
Phr : The man who is talking to john is Korean
[b] Cls : The ideas which are presented previously are good
Phr : The ideas which are presented previously are good
[c] Cls :English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters
Phr : English has an alphabet that consisting of 26 letters
[d] Cls : Paris,which is the capital of France ,is an exciting city.
Phr :Paris,which is the capital of France ,is an exciting city.
Exercise
1.He is the student...always arrives late.
A. Who
B. Whom
C. Which
D. Whose
2.We visited the building....famous for its unusual design.
A. Who is
B. Which are
C. Which is
D. Whom are
3.There was a story in the paper about the man.....car was stolen
A. Who
B. Whom
C. Which
D. Whose
4.Rina’s marriage has been arranged by her family.She is marrying a man....
A. That she hardly knows him
B. Whom she hardly knows him
C. Who she hardly knows
D. Whom she hardly knows
5.Algebra problems contain letters.....for unknown numbers.
A. Stand
B. Stands
C. Standing
D. Which standing
2.ADVERB CLAUSE
Adverb Clause digunakan untuk memberi keterangan pada main clause .keterangan
tersebut dapat menunjukan
waktu[time],sebab[cause]kebalikan[contrast],syarat[condition].
[a] When the phone rang,the baby woke up
Adv.Clause Main Clause
ReducedAdverb Clause
[b]While l was walking to class,l saw an old friend
While walking to class,l saw an old friend.
[c]Before l left for work,l ate breakfast
Before leaving for work,l ate breaskfast
Exercise :
1.John insisted that he didn’t need any help,....l helped him anyway.
A. And
B. So
C. For
D. But
2.....l get angry and upset,l try to take ten deep breath.
A. Until
B. Whenever
C. Whereas
D. For
3.After seeing the movie Twilight,...
A. The book was read by many people
B. The book made many people want to read it
C. Many people wanted to read the book
D. The reading of the book interested many people
4.Since....to a warmmer and less humid climate,I’ve had no trouble with my astma.
A. Moved
B. Move
C. Moving
D. I moving
5.......to be on –time,Rio drove his motorcycle fast.
A. He has
B. He having
C. Having
D. Because
3.NOUN CLAUSE
Noun Clause mempunyai fungsi seperti kata benda[noun] dalam sebuah kalimat.
Klausa ini dapat berfungsi sebagai subject,object,maupun complement[pelengkap].
NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTOR
What,where,when, Whatever,whenever Whether That
why,how ,if
I know what you did
I think that he is a good actor
She does not know where l live
The girls do not know whether/if they would come to party.
Exercise :
1.Do you know...?l myself have no idea
A. Where does she work
B. Where she does work
C. Where she works
D. Where she work does?
2......he will go or stay is his own choice.
A. What
B. Where
C. Who
D. Whether
3.....do not study is bad news for the teachers
A. That most students
B. Most students
C. Whether most students
D. If most students
4.The Consumer Price Index lists....
A. How much costs every car
B. How much does every car cost
C. How much every car costs
D. How much are every car costs
5.Most botanist have observed....a period of dormancy,even when conditions may be favorable for
growth.
A. That seeds exhibiting
B. That seeds exhibit
C. Seeds that exhibiting
D. Seeds that they exhibit
6.We sometimes miss the neighbourhood......we grew up.
A. In which
B. In where
C. That
D. Which
7.”That woman over there looks confused.”
“Why don’t you ask her.......?
A. Does she need help
B. She needed help
C. Whether she needs help
D. She needs help or not
8.”H twow could Juli afford to go abroad at least twice a year?”
“l am also wondering........
A. That she has earned her living
B. Why does she earn her living
C. Does she earn a living
D. How she earns her living
9.”Has mother finally decided what to buy for herself?”
“l don’t know ,let’s ask her what.......”
A. Does she want to buy
B. To buy
C. Is buying
D. She wants to buy
10.”Did you tell your parents that you failed in two subjects this semester?”
“Well,of course.l even told them....
A. Why l failed
B. l failed
C. Did l fail
D. Why did l fail?
11.She wanted the children to come to the dining room,so that.....can have dinner together.
A. She
B. We
C. You
D. They
12.The victims of flood...we have collected money and clothes are now housed in barracks outside the
town.
A. Which
B. Whose
C. For whom
D. Whom
13.There tourists,......are japanese,were among the crowd participating in the”dangdut”dance.
A. There are many
B. Many of them
C. Whose many
D. Many of whom
14.”Have you met the students?”
“Not yet.We must know what......in the canteen”.
A. Do they do
B. They had done
C. They do
D. Will they do
15........to life imprisonment,the murderer of this wife appealed to the Higher Court Justice.
A. Sentencing
B. He was sentenced
C. To be sentenced
D. Sentenced
16.........After working for the companyfor more than twenty,Alan started taking up farming seriously
A. Retiring
B. To retire
C. Retired
D. To be retired
17.”What about eating out? I don’t feel like cooking dinner.”
“Ok.Just let me know.......
A. Where do you want to go
B. Where you want to go
C. Whether you want to go
D. How do you want to go
18.This is the room....Churchill was born.
A. That
B. Which
C. In which
D. Whose
19.Digitalis is a drug......from the seeds and leaves of a plant with the same name and is used as a cardiac
stimulant.
A. Prepares
B. Which prepares
C. Is prepares
D. Which is prepared
20.When Tomoko,a japanese student,was asked.....of the museum,She quickly replied that it had taught
her agreat deal about the history of Kraton Jogja.
A. What did she think
B. About thinking
C. What she thought
D. If she was thinking
