Mechanics

UES009

UES 009
Mechanics

Dr. Kishore Khanna

Mechanical Engineering Department
Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala
 Disclaimer
The content of this presentation for the course “Mechanics” posted by
Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology is only for the purpose of
education (class teaching) & its not being used for the sale or
promotion of production.
Review of Newton’s Laws of Motion,
Particle Equilibrium and
Free body diagram
Railway bridge
 UES009 MECHANICS
L T P Cr
2 1 2* 2.5
(*:Two hours Lab Once In Semester)
Course Objectives:
The objective of this module is to help students develop the techniques needed
to solve general engineering mechanics problems. Students will learn to
describe physical systems mathematically so that their behaviour can be
predicted.

Course Contents:
 Review of Newton’s laws of motion and vector algebra:
 Equilibrium of Bodies: Free-body diagrams, conditions of equilibrium,
moment due to a force, statical determinacy.
Course Contents…..
 Plane Trusses: Forces in members of a truss by method of joints and method of
sections.
 Properties of Plane Surfaces: First moment of area, centroid, second moment of
area etc.
 Friction: Sliding, belt, screw and rolling.
 Virtual Work: Principle of virtual work, calculation of virtual displacement
and virtual work.
 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams: Types of load on beams,
classification of beams; axial, shear force and bending moment diagrams: simply
supported, overhung and cantilever beams subjected to any combination of point
loads, uniformly distributed and varying load and moment.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):
The students will be able to:
1. Determine resultant in plane force systems
2. Identify and quantify all forces associated with a static framework
3. Draw Shear Force Diagram and Bending Moment Diagram in various kinds of
beams subjected to different kinds of loads
Text Books:
1. Shames, I. H. Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Pearson Education India (2006).
2. Beer, Johnston, Clausen and Staab, Vector Mechanics for Engineers, Dynamics,
McGraw-Hill Higher Education (2003).

Reference Books:
1. Hibler, T.A., Engineering Mechanics: Statics and Dynamics, Prentice Hall (2012).
2. Timoshenko and Young, Engineering Mechanics, Tata McGraw Hill Education
Private Limited, (2006).

Other Books:
Basudeb Bhattacharyya, Engineering Mechanics- Oxford Higher Education
 Evaluation Scheme
MST- 30 Marks
EST- 45 Marks

Tutorials/ Quizs- --- 15 Marks

Sessional -25 Marks Project (Truss) ----10 Marks

Total 100 Marks

 Experimental Project Assignment/ Micro Project:
Students in groups of 4/5 will do project on Model Truss Bridge.
Experiment: This will involve construction of a model truss bridge using steel
wire and wood.
 UES009 Mechanics
Mechanics: Oldest of the Physical Sciences
Archimedes (287-212 BC): Principles of Lever and Buoyancy!
Mechanics is a branch of the physical sciences that is
concerned with the state of rest or motion of bodies
subjected to the action of forces.
 Rigid-body Mechanics
 Rigid-body Mechanics
 Deformable body mechanics
 Fluid mechanics
 Rigid Body: A combination of large number of particles in which all particles
remain at a fixed distance from one another before and after applying a load.

Material properties of a rigid body are not required to be considered when

analyzing the forces acting on the body.
In most cases, actual deformations that occur in structures, machines,
mechanisms, etc. are relatively small, and rigid body assumption is suitable for
analysis.
Deformable Bodies: The bodies in which particle to particle distance does not
remain the same and it can go in the plastic zone in which it can completely
change or deform.

Statics: deals with equilibrium of bodies under action of forces (bodies may be
either at rest or move with a constant velocity).

Dynamics: deals with motion of bodies under acceleration.

 Mechanics: Fundamental Concepts
Force: Force represents the action of one body on another. A force tends to
move the body in the direction of its action. The action of force is
characterized by its magnitude, direction of its action, and its points of
application.
Scalar quantities: These are the quantities characterized by only magnitude,
such as mass, temperature.
Vector quantities: These are the quantities characterized by magnitude and
direction, such as velocity, force.
- Force is a Vector quantity
 Mechanics: Idealizations

Particle: A particle is a body with negligible dimensions.

Size of the Earth is insignificant compared to the size of its orbit. Earth can
be modeled as a particle when studying its orbital motion.
 Mechanics: Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
Basis of formulation of rigid body mechanics.
First Law: A particle originally at rest, or moving in a straight line with
constant velocity, tends to remain in this state provided the particle is
not subjected to an unbalanced force.

First law contains the principal of the equilibrium of forces-main

topic of concern in statics.
 Mechanics: Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
Second Law: A particle of mass ‘m’ acted upon by an unbalanced force ‘F’
experiences an acceleration ‘a’ that has the same direction as the force
and a magnitude that is directly proportional to the force.
Mathematically, this law is stated as : F=ma

Second Law forms the basis for most of the analysis in Dynamics.
 Mechanics: Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
 Forces
Concentrated Force: Effect of loading which is assumed to act at a
point(CG)on a body.
Provided the area over which the load is applied is very small compared to
the overall size of the body.
Sense
A
Magnitude

Direction
θ
Representation of a Force
 System of forces
Concurrent and non-concurrent system of forces
 When line of action of all forces pass through a single point then it is
concurrent system of forces.
 When line of action of all forces does not pass through a single point then it is
non concurrent system of forces
 Equilibrium of forces
A body is said to be in equilibrium if it is at
rest or moving with a constant velocity

 Unchanging state i.e. the state of balance

 At equilibrium, the vector sum of all the external forces
acting on a body is zero
 In the solution of a problem, first of all a free body
diagram (FBD) of the body is drawn to identify the
external forces
 Equilibrium equations are used to determine unknown
forces acting on a body
Equilibrium-Governing equations

 ;
 ;  ;  ;
= ;
 Free body diagram (FBD)
A free body diagram (FBD) is a diagram of a body or system of bodies or a portion
of a body which depicts all the applied forces, constraints or reactions acting on
the body.
 First of all a FBD of the body is drawn and reactions are determined
 The complete system of applied forces and reactive forces acting on the body
makes it in the state of static equilibrium
 Free body diagram (FBD)

𝐓𝟏 𝐓𝟐

𝐓𝟑

𝐌𝐠

Colour light signals FBD of the lights block FBD at the joint of cables
Free body diagram-Examples

FBD at A FBD at B
Free body diagram-Examples

FBD of ball A
FBD of ball B
 Addition of forces
The Parallelogram Law for the Addition of Forces. This states that two nonparallel
forces F1 and F2 acting on a particle may be replaced by a single force FR or R, acting at the
same point. It is called their resultant and obtained by drawing the diagonal of the
parallelogram which has sides equal to the given forces.
Sine law and Cosine law
 Addition of Forces in a Plane: Illustration
Illustration: A hook carries two forces F1 and F2, which define the angle α. Determine the
magnitude and direction of the resultant.
 Sine law and Cosine law
Illustration: The screw eye in the figure is subjected to two forces F1 and F2.
Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force.
 Sine law and Cosine law
Illustration: The screw eye in the figure is subjected to two forces F1 and F2. Determine
the magnitude and direction of the resultant force.
F1 = 100N
F2 = 150N

=
 Lami’s Theorem
If three coplanar, concurrent forces are in
equilibrium then the ratio of each force and the
sine of included angle between the other two are
constant
 Lami’s Theorem
Illustration: The two blocks P and Q suspended through a cord ABCD are in
equilibrium. Determine the mass of the block Q if mass of the block P is 5 kg.

FBD at C

FBD at B
 Lami’s Theorem
Illustration: The two blocks P and Q suspended through a cord ABCD are in
equilibrium. Determine the mass of the block Q if mass of the block P is 5 kg.

FBD at B
FBD at C
THANK YOU