MAT215 Assignment-1

Mohammad Sayeem Sadat Hossain

18201156
Set-L
July 25, 2020

1 Answer to the question Number 1

√ 9
(a) (1 + 3i)
Ans:
√
Let z be a complex number with a value of z = 1 + 3i,
then we have to compute (z)9 respectively.
We know,

z n = rn (cos nθ + i sin nθ) ...[Demoivre0 s T heorem and Euler0 s Identity],

where r is the magnitude of the complex number z and n is the power raised by z respec-
tively.
∴ z 9 = r9 (cos 9θ + i sin 9θ)
p q √ √
Now, r = |z| = (Re(z))2 + (Im(z))2 = 12 + ( 3)2 = 4 = 2
For the value of θ we have to look at the graphical representation of z, shown below:

1
 Mohammad Sayeem Sadat Hossain, 18201156
Section-07, Set-L

So, from the above graph, it can be seen that z lies in the F irst Quadrant.
  √ !
Im(z) 3 π
∴ arg(z) = θ = tan−1 = tan−1 = radians
Re(z) 1 3

    
9 9 9π 9π
∴ (z) = 2 × cos + i sin
3 3
√
(1 + 3i)9 = 512 × (−1 + 0)
= −512 ...[Ans 1a]

1

10
(b) 2 + 12 i

Ans:
1
Again, Let z be a complex number with the value z = 2
+ 12 i, then we have to compute
(z)10 respectively.
We know,

z n = rn (cos nθ + i sin nθ) ...[Demoivre0 s T heorem and Euler0 s Identity],

where r is the magnitude of the complex number z and n is the power raised by z respec-
tively.
∴ z 10 = r10 (cos(10 θ) + i sin(10 θ))
q
√
1 2 1 2
p
2
2
Now, r = |z| = (Re(z)) + (Im(z)) = 2 + =
2 2 2
For the value of θ we have to look at the graphical representation of z, shown below:

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 Mohammad Sayeem Sadat Hossain, 18201156
Section-07, Set-L

So, from the above graph, it can be seen that z lies in the F irst Quadrant.
  1
−1 Im(z) −1 2 π
∴ arg(z) = θ = tan = tan 1 = radians
Re(z) 2
4
    
10 10 10π 10π
∴ (z) =2 × cos + i sin
4 4
1 1 1
( + i)10 = × (0 + i)
2 2 32
i
= ...[Ans 1b]
32

2 Answer to the question Number 2

(a) cos 3θ (b) sin 3θ
Ans:
We know, by De Moivre’s Theorem :

(cos θ + i sin θ)n ≡ cos nθ + i sin nθ

then, putting the value of n = 3, we have:

(cos θ + i sin θ)3 ≡ cos 3θ + i sin 3θ (1)

From L.H.S, expanding the power, we have:

⇒ cos3 θ + 3i cos2 θ sin θ + 3i2 cos θ sin2 θ + i3 sin θ ≡ cos 3θ + i sin 3θ

⇒ cos3 θ + 3i2 cos θ sin2 θ + 3i cos2 θ sin θ + i3 sin θ ≡ cos 3θ + i sin 3θ
⇒ (cos3 θ − 3 cos θ sin2 θ) + i(3 cos2 θ sin θ − sin3 θ) ≡ cos 3θ + i sin 3θ

So, equating the Real and Imaginary values from both L.H.S and R.H.S from Equation
1, we have:
(cos3 θ − 3 cos θ sin2 θ) ≡ cos 3θ....(2)
(3 cos2 θ sin θ − sin3 θ) ≡ sin 3θ....(3)

From Eq.(2), we have:

cos 3θ ≡ cos3 θ − 3 cos θsin2 θ

≡ cos3 θ − 3 cos θ(1 − cos2 θ)
≡ cos3 θ − 3 cos θ + 3 cos2 θ
≡ 4 cos3 θ − 3 cos θ

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 Mohammad Sayeem Sadat Hossain, 18201156
Section-07, Set-L

From Eq.(3), we have:

sin 3θ ≡ 3cos2 θ sin θ − sin3 θ

≡ 3(1 − sin2 θ) sin θ − sin3 θ
≡ 3 sin θ − 3 sin3 θ − sin3 θ
≡ 3 sin θ − 4 sin3 θ

Therefore, we have found the identities from De Moivre’s Theorem:

cos 3θ ≡ 4 cos3 θ − 3 cos θ ...[Ans a]

sin 3θ ≡ 3 sin θ − 4 sin3 θ ...[Ans b]

3 Answer to the question Number 3

(3) z1z2 ≡ z1 z2

Ans:
Let z1 = a + bi and z2 = c + di respectively.
From L.H.S, we have:

⇒ z1 z2
⇒ (a + bi)(c + di)
⇒ ac + bci + adi + bdi2
⇒ (ac − bd) + i(bc + ad)
⇒ (ac − bd) − i(bc + ad)

From R.H.S, we have:

z1 ≡ a − bi
z2 ≡ c − di
∴ z1 z2 ≡ (a − bi)(c − di)
≡ ac − adi − bci = bdi2
≡ (ac − bd) − i(bc + ad)

Since, L.H.S is equivalent to R.H.S, ∴ z1 z2 ≡ z1 z2 ...[Proven]

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 Mohammad Sayeem Sadat Hossain, 18201156
Section-07, Set-L

4 Answer to the question Number 4

(a) |z1z2| ≡ |z1||z2|

Ans:
Let z1 = a + bi and z2 = c + di respectively.
From L.H.S, we have:

|z1 z2 | ≡ |(a + bi)(c + di)|

≡ |(a − bd) + i(ad + bc)|
p
≡ (ac − bd)2 + (ad + bc)2
√
≡ a2 c2 − 2acbd + b2 d2 + a2 d2 + 2acbd + b2 c2
√
≡ a2 c2 + b2 c2 + a2 d2 + b2 d2
p
≡ a2 (c2 + d2 ) + b2 (c2 + d2 )
p
∴ |z1 z2 | ≡ (a2 + b2 )(c2 + d2 )....(1)

From R.H.S, we have:

|z1 | ≡ |a + bi|
√
≡ a2 + b 2
|z2 | ≡ |c + di|
√
≡ c2 + d 2
p √
∴ |z1 ||z2 | ≡ ( (a2 + b2 ))( c2 + d2 )
p
≡ (a2 + d2 )(c2 + d2 )....(2)

Since, L.H.S ≡ R.H.S,

∴ |z1z2| ≡ |z1||z2| ...[Proven]

|z1 |
(b) | zz21 | ≡ |z2 |

Ans:
Let z1 = a + bi and z2 = c + di respectively.

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 Mohammad Sayeem Sadat Hossain, 18201156
Section-07, Set-L

From L.H.S, we have:

   
 z1   a + bi 
 ≡ 
 z2   c + di 
 
 (a + bi)(c − di) 
≡  
(c + di)(c − di) 
 
 (a + bi)(c − di) 
≡  
c2 − (di)2 
 
 (ac + bd) + i(bc − ad) 
≡  
c2 + d2 
 
 ac + bd bc − ad 
≡  2 + i
c + d2 c2 + d 2 
s
(ac + bd)2 (bc − ad)2
≡ + 2
(c2 + d2 )2 (c + d2 )2
s
a2 c2 + 2acbd + b2 d2 + b2 c2 − 2acbd + a2 d2
≡
(c2 + d2 )2
s
(c2 + d2 )(a2 + b2 )
≡
(c2 + d2 )2
  r 2
 z1  a + b2
∴   ≡ ....(1)
z2 c2 + d 2

From R.H.S, we have:

|z1 | a + bi
≡
|z2 | c + di
√
a2 + b 2
≡√
c2 + d 2
r
|z1 | a2 + b 2
∴ ≡ ....(2)
|z2 | c2 + d 2

Since, L.H.S ≡ R.H.S,

 
|z1 |
∴  zz21  ≡
 
|z2 | ...[Proven]

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 Mohammad Sayeem Sadat Hossain, 18201156
Section-07, Set-L

5 Answer to the question Number 5

eix −e−ix
(a) sin x ≡ 2i

Ans a:
From Eq.(3), instead of adding Eq.(1) with Eq.(2), if we subtract Eq.(2) from Eq.(1), we
get:

eix − e−ix = cos x + i sin x − cos x + i sin x

eix − e−ix = 2i sin x
eix − e−ix
∴ sin x ≡ ....[Shown]
2i

(b) tan x

Ans b:
From Trigonometry, we know that:
sin x
tan x =
cos x
eix −e−ix eix +e−ix
Putting sin x = 2i
and cos x = 2
, we have:
eix −e−ix
2i
tan x = eix +e−ix
2
ix −ix
e −e 2
= × ix
2i e + e−ix
ix −ix
2 e −e
= × ix
2i e + e−ix
eix − e−ix
=
i(eix + e−ix )
i(eix − e−ix )
=
i2 (eix + e−ix )
−i(eix − e−ix )
=
(eix + e−ix )
i(e−ix − eix )
=
(eix + e−ix )

i(e−ix −eix )
∴ tan x ≡ (eix +e−ix )
...[Ans 5b]

Done in LATEX

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