Republic of the Philippines

APAYAO STATE COLLEGE

Conner, Apayao, Philippines 3807
asc.edu.ph,www.facebookcom/asceduofficial

MODERN GEOMETRY

Course Code: M109 Semester: First

Course Title: Modern Geometry Day:MWF
Credit: 3.0 units Time: 8:00 -9:00

At the end of the course the student should able to:

1: calculate measurements of plane and solid geometric figures;
2: construct logical arguments, based on axioms, definitions and theorems, to prove theorems and other results
in geometry;
3: know and apply properties of geometric figures too solve real-world and mathematical problems and to
logically justify results in geometry;
4: appreciate space and develop space intuition;
5: relate solid geometry to familiar objects of everyday experiences;
6: develop their imagination in visualizing space objects.

Course Coverage
Midterm E.Cone
I. Plane Figures F.Right circular Cone
A.Introduction and Computation Suggestions Final
B.Mensuration of Plane Figures V. Solids for which V = (mean B)h
A.Frustum of Regular Pyramid
II.Lines – Planes – Angles B.Frustum of Right Circular Cone
A.Lines and Planes in Space C.Prismatoid
B.Typical Proofs of Solid Geometry D.Truncated Prism (or Cylinder)
C.Angles
VI. The Sphere
II. Solids for which V = Bh A.Sphere
A.Solids – Section B.Terrestrial Sphere
B.Cube C.Zone
C.Rectangular Parallelepiped D.Spherical Segment
D.Cavalieri’s Theorem E. Spherical Sector Symbolism
E.Volume Theorem
F.Prism VII. Volumes and surfaces of Revolution –
G.Cylindrical Surface Polyhedrons
H.Cylinder Center of Gravity
I.Circular Cylinder A.Theorems of Pappus
J.Right Circular Cylinder B.Polyhedrons

IV. Solids for which V = 1/3 Bh VIII. The General Prismatoid

A.Pyramid A.Section of Prismatoid
B.Regular Pyramid B.Prismatoid Theorem
C.Similar figures C.Proof of Prismatoid Formula
D.Conical Surface D.Application of Prismatoid Theorem

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Prepared by: ERIC P. SUPANGA

MODERN GEOMETRY
1st Semester A.Y. 2020-2021
 Republic of the Philippines
APAYAO STATE COLLEGE
Conner, Apayao, Philippines 3807
asc.edu.ph,www.facebookcom/asceduofficial

MODERN GEOMETRY

EUCLID - Father of GEOMETRY

“ELEMENTS”
Planes Figures and Lines, Planes, Angles

At the end of this chapter, the learner should be able to:

 define geometry, undefined term of geometry;

 determine which region are convex and which are concave;
 identify the type of triangle;
 understand the different definition, postulates, axioms, theorems and properties about lines.

GEOMETRY

GEO "earth"
METRI/METRIA "Measurement"

geometry means earth measurement

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Geometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with points, lines, angles, surface, and solid.

Undefined terms in geometry

You may have found the definition of a point, line, and a plane in dictionary. how ever, in mathematics,
Prepared by: ERIC P. SUPANGA
MODERN GEOMETRY
1st Semester A.Y. 2020-2021
 they are considered undefined terms

Early mathematics were frustrated in trying to define a point, line and plane.

In order to define, they offered general description of them.

POINTS
A points doesn't have any size (no dimension), it is often represent by dot
we usually use dot to visually represent a figure that lack size.
we name point by using capital letters.
Lines

A lines are made up of points and are straight.

The arrows on the end of the figures show that the lines extend infinitely far in both direction.

LINES
• A lines are made up of points and are straight.
• The arrows on the end of the figures show that the
lines extend infinitely far in both directions

A
Lines have no thickness!
Single case-letter Using their points

RAYS

Rays are lines and segments, are made up of points and are straight

A ray is deffer from a line or segment in that it begins an ENDPOINT and then extents INFINITELY in one
direction only.

RAYS
• Rays are lines and segments, are made up of points
and are straight.
• A ray is differ from a line or segment in that it begins
an ENDPOINT and then extends INFINITELY in one
direction only.
B
A

B
A

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Plane
Plane is formed by two lines intersect.

Prepared by: ERIC P. SUPANGA

MODERN GEOMETRY
1st Semester A.Y. 2020-2021
 Has infinite length and with but no thickness.
It is a flat surface.
PLANE
• Plane is formed by two lines intersect.
• Has infinite length and width but no thickness.
• It is a flat surface

Defined Terms M

A space is the set of all points.

A figure is any set of points.

A collinear are points that lie on the same line.

Noncollinear are points that do not lie on the same line

A coplanar are points that lie on the same plane

Noncoplanar are points that dot not lie on the same plane.

Midpoints (Middle)

Segment Bisector (A ray passes to a midpoint and a ray that bisect a segment into two equal part)

Angle Bisector (A ray that bisect an angle interior two equal parts)

Parallel lines (lines that never interest and Have the same slopes (M))

Perpendicular lines (They do intersect and form right angles/s and the slope of one lines is the negative
reciprocal of the other line)

Complementary angles (Angles that add up to 90 degree)

Supplementary angles (Angles that up to 180 degrees)

Transitive Property (If two angles are congruent to the same angle, then they are congruent to each
other)

Vertical Angles (Two opposite angles are congruent)

Triangles (Connecting three line segment together forming three distinct vertex)

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Prepared by: ERIC P. SUPANGA

MODERN GEOMETRY
1st Semester A.Y. 2020-2021
 Diagram:

ANGLES

An angle is made up made up of two rays with common endpoints

ANGLES
• An angle is made up of two rays with common
endpoint.
This point is called the VERTEX of the angle • This point is called the VERTEX of the angle.
• The rays are called sides of the angle.

The rays are called sides of the angle.

sides

POLYGON Vertex
sides

Derives from Greek word "POLY", meaning "many" and "GONIA" meaning "angle".

Closed flat shape that has three or more sides and angles

is a plane figure formed by three or more segment such that each segment intersects exactly two others, one at
each endpoints, no two segment with a common endpoints are collinear.

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Prepared by: ERIC P. SUPANGA

MODERN GEOMETRY
1st Semester A.Y. 2020-2021
 Not a
Polygon

E
PENTA
NTAPE
P N NEPAT
TNEPA

A T
Consecutive sides – two sides share a common endpoint.
Consecutive angles – two angles have the same side.
Diagonal – a segment joining any two non-consecutive
vertices.

TYPES POLYGONS

Regular Polygon ( All angles and sides are equal) Page 6 of 10

Irregular Polygon (All angles and sides are not equal)

Prepared by: ERIC P. SUPANGA

MODERN GEOMETRY
1st Semester A.Y. 2020-2021
 POLYGON

Interior a polygon completely enclosed a region of the plane

concave are polygonal regions that bend inward and those do not are called convex.

It is a convex polygon if segment PQ is a part of the

region. If the region is not convex, then it is concave.

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Prepared by: ERIC P. SUPANGA

MODERN GEOMETRY
1st Semester A.Y. 2020-2021
TRIANGLE a polygon with three sides

TRIANGLE – a polygon with three sides.

Classification of Triangles

Right Triangle
B

C A

Legs of a right triangle --- the sides of a right triangle which are perpendicular. AC and BC

Hypotenuse -- the side opposite the right angle and the longest side in a right triangle AB

REFERENCE:

 Kern and bland (1967). Solid Mensuration, 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA.
 Gantert, Ann Xavier(2008). Geometry. AMSCO School Publication, Inc., New York, USA.
 Alferez, Merle and Lambino, Alvin (2004). Geometry. Gerpress printing ; Quezon City, Phils.

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Prepared by: ERIC P. SUPANGA

MODERN GEOMETRY
1st Semester A.Y. 2020-2021
Name ____________________________________________________________

Course and Year ___________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 1.
Determine which regions are convex and which are concave

Determine which regions are convex and which are

concave.

ACTIVITY 2.

Identify the type of triangle whose angle measures are given?

1. 40, 30, 110

2. 60, 30, 90

3. 60, 60, 60

4. 80,50, 50

ACTIVITY 3.

Refer to the figure to answer the following.

1. identify a right triangle

Refer to the figure to answer the following.
2. identify an isosceles triangle

3. name the vertex angle

4. name the hypotenuse

5. name the base angles

6. name the vertices of the right triangle

7. name the legs of the isosceles trianlge

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8. name the side opposte angle O

9. name the angle opposite segmet MO

Prepared by: ERIC P. SUPANGA

MODERN GEOMETRY
1st Semester A.Y. 2020-2021
ACTIVITY 4.

TEST YOURSELF
Tell whether each of the following represents a
point, a line or a plane.
1. Top of a box
2. Four corners of a room
3. Side of a blackboard
4. Curtain rod
5. Star in the sky
6. Edge of a table
7. Cover of a book
8. Tip of a pen
9. Clothesline
10. Grain of rice

ACTIVITY 4.

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Prepared by: ERIC P. SUPANGA

MODERN GEOMETRY
1st Semester A.Y. 2020-2021