8

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 7:
Current and Charges
(Week 5/Day 1-5 &
Week 6/Day 1-5)
Science – Grade 8
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 7: Current and Charges
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writers: Devorah C. Arcega and Marianie S. Andoy
Reviewers: Sally A. Palomo, Nerissa A. Alfafara
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Layout Artist: Lourabelle B. Sibuco
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 8

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 7:
Current and Charges
(Week 5/Day 1-5 &
Week 6/Day 1-5)
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science for Grade 8 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Current and
Charges!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

5
For the learner:

Welcome to the Science for Grade 8 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Current and
Charges!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create, and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

6
 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

7
 What I Need to Know

Hello everyone! This module was designed and written for you. It is here to help
you master the nature of electricity. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

In this module, you will learn more about electricity. Don`t you know that there are
three basic electrical quantities? These are electric current, voltage, and resistance.
You will use the relationships among these quantities in learning about circuit
connections. You will also learn that some of the safety precautions you have been
warned about can be explained by the relationships among voltage, current, and
resistance.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

● Infer the relationship between current and charge. (S8FE-Ih-30)

And, specifically you are to:

1. Describe current, voltage, and resistance.

2. Determine the relationship between electric current, voltage, resistance.
3. Measure the electric current and voltage in a circuit using ammeter
and voltmeter.
4. Apply Ohm’s Law to real life problems.

8
 What I Know

Let us see if you can recall the lessons that you have taken up about
electricity from your previous grade level.
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. If the Voltage is increased and the resistance stays the same, what will
happen to current?
A. increase C. stay the same
B. decrease D. none of the above

2. If the Voltage stays the same and Resistance is increased, what will happen
to the current?
A. increase C. stay the same
B. decrease D. none of the above

3. What will happen to the total voltage and to the total current respectively if
the number of batteries increases?
A. decreases, decreases C. increase, increase
B. decreases, increases D. increase, decrease

4.What does the symbol 'Ω' stand for in Ohm's Law?

A. Resistance C. Current
B. Inductance D. Voltage

5. If there are 10 volts across a 5 ohm resistor, what is its current?

A. 0.5 amp B. 1 amp C. 2 amps D. 10 amps

6. If there are 40 volts and 5 amps running through an electrical circuit, what
is the resistance of the circuit?
A. 2 Ohm B.4 Ohm C. 6 Ohm D. 8 Ohm

7. If there are 7 amps running through a 3 ohm resistor, what will the voltage be
across the resistor?
A. 2.5 volts B. 10 volts C. 17 volts D. 21 volts

8. Which of the following is the opposing capacity of materials against the current
flow?
A. Conductance B. Resistance C. Susceptance D. Inductance

9. What is being measured by an electrical instrument called ammeter?

A. current B. voltage C. resistance D. none of the above

10. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. The SI unit of temperature is the degree centigrade.

9
 B. The SI unit of potential difference is the volt.
C. The SI unit of frequency is the hertz.
D. The SI unit of charge is the coulomb.

11.Which of the following is NOT the correct statement of Ohm’s law?

A.I=R/V B.I=V/R C.V=IR D.R=V/I

12. What is being measured by an instrument called ohm meter?

A. resistance B. wattage C. current D. Voltage

13. Which of the following materials does not allow current under normal
conditions?
A. valence B. semiconductor C. insulator D. conductor

14. What will happen to two positively charged materials when placed close
together?
A. attract C. become negative
B. repel D. become neutral

15. Which of the following curves represents Ohm’s Law?

A. Sine wave B. Hyperbolic C. Parabolic D. Linear

Don’t worry with your score. Nothing is really hard if you persevere to learn.
Let’s start with this activity.

10
Lesson

7 Physics: Current and Charges

What’s In

Electricity is a part of our daily lives. Many of the activities we do today depend on
it. In fact, the discovery of electricity changed people’s lives. Hey! Can you imagine
life without electricity?

You have learned a lot about electricity from Grade 3 to Grade 7. You have learned
about its sources and uses; discovered different materials as good conductors of
electricity; what makes up an electric circuit; and how electrical energy is
transferred or transformed into other forms of energy.

In addition, you have learned that electricity is the flow of electric charge or
negative charge called electrons.

Recall ideas you learned from your previous lesson about electricity.

Warm Up Activity:
Think of words that you can pair up with the word electric or electricity to make
a compound word. Example: Electric mixer, electric chair, static electricity

Write as many words as you can. Go!

Did you enjoy the first activity?

The next challenge will help you understand the three quantities that you should
be familiar with in the study of electricity.

Activity: Electricity Icons

Challenge: What do you know about the three quantities of electricity? Answer
the given questions below.

11
Guide Questions:

1. What can you say about the picture?

____________________________________________________________________

2. What makes Mr. Volt so hard to push Mr. amP?

____________________________________________________________________

3. What will likely happen if the tie is removed?

____________________________________________________________________

4. What is the role of Mr. Ohm in the picture?

____________________________________________________________________

Oh! What did volt do to amp? Are you now familiar with the three quantities of
electricity? Let us see.

Heads Up!
Georg Simon Ohm was a German physicist, best known for his
“Ohm's Law”, which states that the current flow through a
conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference
(voltage) and inversely proportional to the resistance. More
concept about quantities of electricity namely current, voltage,
and resistance will be discussed as you go through in this
learning material.

What’s New

Did you enjoy our previous activity? Now that you have an idea about our lesson,
let us explore more about this topic.

Activity 1: You Complete Me!

Objectives:
After performing this activity, you will be able to:

12
 1. Determine the SI unit and its symbol used in current, voltage and
resistance.

2. Identify the measuring device used for current, voltage, and resistance.

3. Name who invented the device.

Materials
● Pen
● Reference book on Electricity
● Internet (if available),

Procedure
1. Fill in the table to complete the concept on electricity.

Table 1: Properties of electrical quantities

Quantities SI Unit Unit Symbol Measuring Inventor
Device

Current

Voltage

Resistance

What did you do to complete the table? Did you know who discover the Current?
Voltage? Resistance? Well, that’s great! Will you be excited to do the next activity?
Here it is.

What is It

Activity 2: Real Deal Relationship (Current and voltage)

(Adapted from LM Grade 8)

Objectives:
After performing this activity, you will:

1. Measure the electric current and voltage in a circuit using an ammeter

and voltmeter respectively; and

2. Determine the relationship between electric current and voltage.

13
Materials Needed:
1 ammeter 1 voltmeter
2 dry cells (1.5 V each) 2 dry cell holders
4 connecting wires 1 switch
1 bulb 1 bulb holder

Procedure:

1. Construct a simple circuit using a dry cell, a bulb, a switch, and an ammeter.
Close the circuit by turning on the switch. Observe the bulb and the ammeter.
Record the ammeter reading in Table 1.

Note: Upon completion of the task, switch off the circuit.

Figure 3. Ammeter connected in a circuit with one dry cell

Guide Question

Q1. What is the reading on the ammeter?

2. Add another dry cell to the circuit. Record the electric current measurement in
Table 1. Note: Once the task is done, turn off the switch.

Figure 4. Ammeter connected in a circuit with two dry cells

Table 1: Voltage and Current
No. of
Voltage (V) Current (A)
batteries

14
 Q2. Compare the brightness of the bulb with one dry cell to two dry cells in the
circuit

Q3. What is the ammeter reading this time?

Q4. What can be inferred about the current passing through the bulb?

3. Connect the voltmeter in the circuit as shown in Figure 5. Switch on and

record the voltage in Table 1.

Note: Once the task is done, turn off the switch.

Figure 5. Voltmeter connected in a circuit with one dry cell

Q 5. What is the voltmeter reading? ________________________________________

4. Add another dry cell to the circuit. Record the voltmeter reading in Table 1.
Observe the brightness of the bulb.

Note: Once the task is done, turn off the switch.

Figure 6. Voltmeter connected in a circuit with two dry cells

Describe the brightness of the bulb. __________________________________________

Q7. What is the voltmeter reading this time? _____________________________________

15
Q8. What can you infer about the voltage across the bulb? ________________________

Q9. Refer to Table 1, how are voltage and current related? ________________________

➢ You will use voltmeters and ammeters to measure the current and voltage in
a circuit. Make sure that you will follow the correct way of connecting the
ammeter and voltmeter.
➢ If voltmeters and ammeters are not available, you can modify the activity by
just relating the number of dry cells or increase in voltage with the
brightness of the bulb. The brighter the bulb, the bigger the current.
➢ The dry cells must be connected in series which means the positive terminal
of one cell is connected to the negative terminal of the other.
➢ Be sure also to use new batteries for this activity especially when the
brightness of the bulb is being asked. For the bulb, use a flashlight with a
voltage rating of 2.5 V.
➢ Ideally a switch must be included in the circuit so that they can turn off the
circuit to avoid wasting energy. You can make an improvised switch using
illustration board and aluminum foil as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 : Improvised switch

How did you find the activity? Did you enjoy connecting the voltmeter to batteries
and to the bulb? What happened? Were you amazed that you have lighted the
bulb? Great job! Let’s continue. This time it’s about Current and Resistance!

Activity 3: Real Deal Relationship (Current and Resistance)

(Adapted From LM Grade 8)
Objectives:
After performing this activity, you will be able to:
1. Determine the relationship between electric current and resistance.

Materials Needed:
● 1 ammeter
● 2 dry cells
● 2 dry cell holders
● 4 connecting wires

16
 ● 1 switch
● 3 flashlight bulbs (voltage rating of 2.5V each)
● 3 bulb holders
Procedure:
1. Construct a simple circuit using one bulb, 2 dry cells and an ammeter as
shown in Figure 7. Record the electric current measurement in Table 2.

Note: Once the task is done, turn off the switch.

Figure 7. Ammeter connected in a circuit with one bulb and two dry cells

2. To increase the resistance, add another bulb in the circuit. Connect the
ammeter and record the electric current measurement in Table 2.

Note: Once the task is done, turn off the switch.

Figure 8. Ammeter connected in a circuit with two bulbs and two dry cells

3. To further increase the resistance, add another bulb in the circuit. Connect the
ammeter and record the electric current measurement in Table 2.
Note: Once the task is done, turn off the switch.

Figure 9. An ammeter connected in a circuit with three bulbs and two dry cells

17
 Table 2
No. of bulbs Current (A)

Q1. Based on Table 2, what happens to the current in the circuit as the
resistance increases (increasing of bulbs)?

4. Connect the ammeter at different points around the circuit shown in Figure 10.
Make sure that the positive terminal of the ammeter is connected to the positive
terminal of the dry cell while the negative terminal is connected to the negative
terminal of the dry cell.

Note: Once the task is done, turn off the switch.

Figure 10. Ammeter connected between two bulbs in a circuit

Q2. Compare the current at different points in the circuit.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Q3. What can you infer about the current through the circuit?
__________________________________________________________________________________

18
 ➢ If there is no ammeter available, you can just compare the brightness of
the bulb since the brightness is also associated with the current passing
through them.
➢ In the last part of the activity, you were asked to connect the ammeter at
different points in the circuit. This is to show to you that current is the
same anywhere in the circuit.

Oh! Nice job! You’re doing good. You knew already how to use the ammeter. But
wait! There is still another activity. Hope you will be doing better.

Activity 4: The Equation of a Relationship

Objectives:

After performing this activity, you will:

1. Determine the Ohm’s Law formula using the Triangle Method.

2. Calculate the given problem using the Ohm’s Law formula.

Materials:

● Pen
● activity sheet

Procedure:
1. Determine the Ohm’s Law formula using the triangle method.

Photo credit: M. Andoy

____________________ ____________________ ____________________

Example Problem : You will calculate the amount of current (I) in a circuit, given
values of voltage (V or E) and resistance (R):

19
 V

What is the amount of current (I) shown in the circuit ? ___________________________

Solution:

Use this equation to solve for resistance:

2. Solve the given problem using the Ohm’s Law:

1. Calculate the voltage shown in the picture below.

2. The flashlight shown uses a 6 volt battery and has a bulb with a
resistance of 150 Ω. When the flashlight is on, how much current will be
drawn from the battery? ___________________________________________________

3. An IPod uses a standard 1.5 V battery. How much resistance is in

circuit if it uses a current of 0.01A?
__________________________________________________________________________
Good job! You have solved the problems on the quantities of electricity. You knew
the three formula for quantities. There’s more!

20
 What is It

What is current, voltage, and resistance?

Electric current is a measure of the number of electrical

charges passing through a cross-section of a conductor in a
given time.

Current is represented by “I” and its quantity is measured

using the device called ammeter. The unit, ampere (A), is
named after Andre-Marie Ampere, a French physicist who
made important contributions to the theory of electricity and
magnetism. Andre-Marie Ampere
Image https://upload.wikimedia.org/

Image credit:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/

Voltage is the difference in potential energy of charged

particles. The battery supplies the energy in electric circuits.
The chemical energy in the battery is transformed to electrical
energy This electrical energy moves the charges in a circuit.
Voltage is represented by “V” and its quantity is measured
using the device called voltmeter. The unit, volts (V), is named
after the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta who invented the
voltaic pile the so-called “first battery” Allesandro Volta
Image https://upload.wikimedia.org/

Image credit:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
When electric charges flow through the wires and loads of the
circuits they SD encounter resistance or a hindrance to their
movement. So another factor that resists the flow of charges
or current is resistance. Resistance is represented by “Ω”
and its quantity is measured using the ohm meter. The unit,
ohms (Ω) is named after the German physicist Georg Simon Georg Simon Ohm
Ohm. Image https://upload.wikimedia.org/

21
 Image credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/

What are the relationships between current, voltage, and resistance?

Two types of relationship:

Direct proportion or directly proportional is a relationship where both

quantities has the same or equal value.

Inverse proportion or inversely proportion is a relationship where two

quantities has opposite or do not have the same value.

Base on the Ohm’s Law:

● Current is directly proportional to voltage. As the voltage increases, the

current also increases.

● Current is inverse proportion with resistance. As current decreases the

resistance increases or when the resistance increases the current decreases.

● Voltage is directly proportional to resistance. As the voltage increases, the

resistance also increases.

What is Ohm’s law?

Georg Simon Ohm’s principal discovery was that the amount of electric current
through a metal conductor in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage
impressed across it, for any given temperature. Ohm expressed his discovery in the
form of a simple equation called Ohm’s Law.

It is mathematically expressed as…

● V=IXR
● I=V/R
● R=V/I

Where V is the voltage in unit volts (V,) I the current in unit ampere (A), and R the
resistance in the unit Ohms(Ω).

22
It is sometimes easier to remember this Ohms law relationship by using pictures.
Here the three quantities of V, I and R have been applied into a triangle (called the
Ohm’s Law Triangle) giving voltage at the top with current and resistance below.

This arrangement represents the actual position of each quantity within the Ohms
law formulas. So, if you need to find voltage, current, or resistance, simply place
your finger over what you’re trying to find, and you simply get the formula.

You learned many things about electricity. This would help you understand the
use of electricity especially at home. There’s more that you can do.

What’s More

1. Use the Ohm’s Law equation to solve the given problems:

Tips:1. Remember the triangle method to help you solve the given
problem.

2. Take note always of the unit. Voltage has a unit of V or Volt,

Current has A or Amps, and Ω for Resistance.

I. The electronic devices such as laptop and mobile phones require a DC

power supply with the specific current rating. Typical mobile phone

23
 batteries require 0.7 – 1 A. A resistor is used to control the rate of
current flowing through these components. What is the resistance of a
mobile phone that requires a current of 0.8 A while providing 5 volts
across it?

II. A small light bulb with a resistance 2Ω f is connected to a 6 V battery What is

the current of the bulb?

III. A motor with an operating resistance of 32Ω is connected to a voltage

source. The current in the circuit is 1.5 A. What is the voltage of the
source?

Remember these:

● Electricity is a part of our daily lives. Many of the activities we do every

day depend on electricity. It is the flow of electric charge or negative
charge called electrons.
● Electric current is a measure of the number of electric charges passing
through a cross-section of a conductor in a given time.
● Voltage is the electric potential that exists to move a charge having a
symbol of capital letter V. The unit used is volt, named after the Italian
physicist Alessandro Volta.
● Resistance is represented by “Ω” and its quantity is measured using the
multimeter. The unit, ohms (Ω) is named after the German physicist
Georg Simon Ohm.
● Ohm’s Law states that current is directly proportional to voltage but
inversely proportional to resistance.
● Ohms law is mathematically expressed into three formulas:

● V=IXR
● I=V/R
● R=V/I
Nice try! You master the formula of the quantities of electricity. Did you find it
easy? That’s good to hear! Continue learning.

24
 What I Have Learned

Let us check what you have learned about current and charges through modified
True or False test. In the table are the statements with underlined words that may
give correct or incorrect statements about quantities of electricity.

Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct, if false change the underlined
word/s to make the statement correct.

1. Current is represented by “I” and its

quantity is measured using the device called
ammeter.

2. Alessandro Volta discover the Ohm’s Law.

3. Resistance is the difference in potential energy

of charged particles.

4. Resistance has a unit ohm with a unit symbol

of A.

5 Current is inversely proportional to voltage. As

the voltage increases, the current also increases.

6 Current is direct proportion with resistance. As

current decreases the resistance increases.

7.Voltage can be solved by multiplying current and

resistance.

8. The formula to solve Current is I= R/V

9. The word how hard it is for electrons to flow

refers to resistance.

10. 4. A device has a 2 A electric current, when

both ends where given a potential of 300 V.
Therefore, the electrical resistance is .0067Ω.

You really tried your best. This would help you understand the use of electricity
especially at home. There’s more that you can do.

25
 What I Can Do

Answer the following questions based on the learned concepts about electricity.

1. A gauge 14 extension cord can safely carry 15 A. What will happen if

several appliances drawing a total current of 18A will be connected to
it? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. What is the difference between 1A and 2A in a charger cable?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

3. What happens when we charge our mobile with higher current (2A)
rated charger instead of lower current (1A) rated charger? Will
charging faster damage the battery?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Life Application/Reflection:

When there is a need to install additional electrical outlets at home

where more appliances will be used, what will you do to ensure enough
current of electricity will be supplied?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

You’re almost done. What a great performance! Are you learning? I hope you have
learned a lot. We will know if you have learned from the start.

26
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Read each statement carefully. Encircle the letter of the
correct answer.

1. Atom has subatomic particles that create electric current. Which part of an
atom an electric current originates?
A. nucleus C. positively charged protons
B. entire atom acting as a unit D. negatively charged electron

2. Different materials have different amounts of resistance. Conductors are

materials that permit electric charge to flow freely from particle to particle. Which
of the following materials has greater amounts of resistance?
A. iron cod B. metal rod C. plastic box D. steel bar

3. Which of the following correctly describes voltage?

A. The number of charged particles that pass each second.
B. The difference in potential energy of charged particles.
C. Resist the flow of charge.
D. The flow of protons.

4. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A.
5. The SI unit of voltage is volt.
B. The SI unit of charge is the coulomb.
C. The SI unit of current is ampere.
D. The SI unit of resistance is watt.

5. What does the letter 'I' stand for in Ohm's Law?

A. Current B. Power C. Resistance D. Voltage

6.Which word means how fast the electrons flow?

A. Current B. Power C. Resistance D. Voltage

7. Which word means how hard it is for electrons to flow?

A. Current B. Power C. Resistance D. Voltage

8. Which of the following laws expresses the mathematical relationship between

voltage, current, and resistance?
A. Faraday's Law B. Tesla's Law C. Newton’s Law D. Ohm's Law
9. What happens to current if the voltage stays the same and resistance is
increased?
A. increases C. both A and B
B. decreases D. stays the same

27
10. What will happen to the total resistance and to the total current as the number
of resistors increases respectively?
A. decreases, decreases C. decreases, increases
B. increases, increases D. increases, decreases

11. Which of the following is a correct statement of Ohm's law?

A. I=V/R B.I=R/V C.V=I/R D.R=VI

Use this graph for questions 12 and 13.

12. The electric current as a function of voltage

of a wire is presented by the Line A. What is the
resistance of the wire? A
A. 1Ω C.0.8 Ω
B.1.6 Ω D. 0.4 Ω

13. Which of the two lines has greater resistance?

A. line A only C. Both A and B
B. line B only D. None of the Above

14. An electric heater works by passing a current of 100 A through a coiled metal
wire, making it red hot. If the resistance of the wire is 1.1 ohms, what voltage
must be applied to it?
A. 101V B. 110V C. 120V D. 136V

15.How much is the resistance of an alarm clock draws 0.5 A of current when
connected to a 120 volt circuit.

A. 60.5Ω B. 100Ω C. 120.5Ω D. 240Ω

Good job! You have mastered most of it if not all. Congratulations! Try and enjoy
the activity just for you.

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 Additional Activities

Activity: Lemon Battery

Batteries are containers that store chemical energy, which can be converted to
electrical energy—or what we call electricity. They depend on an electrochemical
reaction to do this. The reaction typically occurs between two pieces of metal, called
electrodes, and a liquid or paste, called an electrolyte. For a battery to work well,
the electrodes must be made up of two different types of materials. This ensures
one will react differently than the other with the electrolyte.

This difference is what generates electricity. Connect the two electrodes with a
material that can transport electricity well (called a conductor) and the chemical
reactions fire up; the battery is generating electricity! As you make connections,
note that electricity likes to take the path of least resistance. If there are multiple
ways to go from one electrode to the other, the electricity will take the path that lets
it flow most easily.

Objective:
At the end of the activity, you will be able to:

1. Create a simple battery to power up the light bulb.

Materials:

∙ 4 lemons (room temperature)

∙ Paper towels
∙ 1 penny (pre-1982 if possible) or 4” length of copper wire
∙ 1 galvanized nail or screw
∙ Voltmeter (optional)

Procedure:

To make the battery:

1. First, rub the lemon between your hands while gently
squeezing. This will release more juices from the flesh
making it more reactive for the battery.

2. Wash the coins thoroughly and dry them. Take the

penny or copper wire and poke it through the skin of the
lemon (into the flesh on one side of the lemon. If using the
penny, you may need to use a knife to cut a slit into the
lemon rind for the penny to fit through. If using the wire,
poke half of the length through the lemon.
Photo credits: M. Andoy and D. Arcega

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3. Place the coins into the slits on the opposite side of the
lemons making sure they don’t touch each other.

TAKE CARE!
Use.a sharp knife. Keep the sharp edge of the knife
away from your body.

4. The lemon battery is now ready to be used.

Photo credits: M. Andoy and D. Arcega
Connect one alligator wire to the penny or copper
wire and a second wire to the nail.

i. To light the bulb, connect each end of the bulb to

the LED. If the light does not light up immediately,
switch the bulb around (electricity can only flow
through the bulb in one direction).

ii. To test the voltage set your multimeter to volts

DC (sometimes shown as VDC) and set it to the Photo credits: M. Andoy and D. Arcega
lowest range or DCV 20.

iii. Try adding more lights to the circuit. How many

lights can be lit by one lemon?

Can you power more lights with more lemons? Does

adding more lemons to the chain increase the
voltage? Why or why not? Photo credits: M. Andoy and D. Arcega
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
CAUTION: None of these circuits or their components are designed to be
plugged into household wall sockets or use household current. They are too
weak for that level of same power and connecting them to household current
is extremely dangerous.

• Try using other metals as the anode and cathode. Some other possibilities
include other coins, such as dimes, nickels, and quarters.
Which combinations work? Which don’t? Why do you think some work, and
some don’t?
• Try using other fruit as the source of the electrolyte. The solution must be
acidic, so have students think of other fruits and vegetables that are acidic or
that have been fermented (limes, oranges, grapefruit, pickles, sauerkraut,
etc.).
Which fruit or vegetable worked best? The worst?

Great Job! Congratulations! I hope you have discovered a lot.

Remember to apply your knowledge in using electricity wisely and efficiently.

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Answer Key

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32
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References
● Science Learners Manual 8 pp 53-68
● Laboratory Activities in Science and Technology
IV By Jocelyn A. Prado
Rogelio P. Pascual
Arturo H.
Magtangob
Marianne F. Gripal

● Integrative Physics
By Fernando Ma. Duran Nolasco
Yolanda I. Lomotan
Manuela P. Pagunsa

Links:
● www.sanfoundry.com
● www.indiabix.com
● www.weareteachers.com
● www.quizziz.com
● http://www.problemsphysics.com/electricity/ohms-law-examples.html
● https://www.education.com/science-fair/article/lemon-power/
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_cWTWB-N_I
● https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-
2/voltage-current-resistance-relate/

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]

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