A
Major Project Report
on
“HYBRID POWER GENERATION BY SOLAR PANEL AND WIND
TURBINE”
Submitted to
“CHHATTISGARH SWAMI VIVEKANAND TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BHILAI”
Bachelor of Engineering in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Guided by
Vishnu Prasad Sharma
(Asst. Prof.)
Submitted by
Siddhant Mishra (3123713072)
Sourabh Verma (3123713076)
Sumit Yadav (3123713077)
Surendra Singh Yadav (3123713080)
Omkar Bais (3123713095)
DECLARATION
We the undersigned solemnly declare that the report of the project work entitled “HYBRID POWER
GENERATION BY SOLAR PANEL AND WIND TURBINE”, is based on our own work carried out during
the course of study under the supervision of Prof. Vishnu Prasad Sharma.
We assert that the statement made and conclusions drawn are and come of the project work. We further
declare that to the best of our knowledge and belief that the report does not contain any part of any work which
has been submitted for the award of any other degree certificate in this university or any other university across
the country.
Name Roll No. Enroll. No. Signature
Siddhant Mishra (3123713072) AN0121
Sourabh Verma (3123713076) AN0130
Sumit Yadav (3123713077) AN0132
Surendra Singh Yadav (3123713080) AN0139
Omkar Bais (3123713095) AN0208
CERETIFICATE BY THE GUIDE
This is to certify that the report of the project entitled “HYBRID POWER GENERATION BY
SOLAR PANEL AND WIND TURBINE” is a record of project work carried out by
Siddhant Mishra (3123713072) AN0121
Sourabh Verma (3123713076) AN0130
Sumit Yadav (3123713077) AN0132
Surendra Singh Yadav (3123713080) AN0139
Omkar Bais (3123713095) AN0208
under my guidance and supervision for the award of degree of bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical
Engineering branch of Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical University, Bhilai (C.G), India. The
contents of this report, in full or in parts, have not been submitted and will not be submitted to any other
Institute or University for the award of any degree or diploma.
Mr. Vishnu Prasad Sharma
Asst. Prof.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
RIT, Raipur
CERTIFICATE BY THE EXAMINERS
The Minor Project Work entitled “HYBRID POWER GENERATION BY SOALR PANEL AND WIND
TURBINE” submitted by
Siddhant Mishra (3123713072)
Sourabh Verma (3123713076)
Sumit Yadav (3123713077)
Surendra Singh Yadav (3123713080)
Omkar Bais (3123713095)
has been examined by the undersigned as a part of the examination and is hereby recommended for fulfilment
of the award of the partial Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering of Chhattisgarh
Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai.
INDEX
INDEX
Sl. No. Particulars Page No.
1. Introduction 7-8
2. Objective 9-10
3. Methodology 10-18
i) Wind Power Gen.
ii) Solar Power Gen.
iii) Battery Charger
5. Constraints 19
6.
Conclusion 20
7.
Future Propects 21
8. References 21
INTRODUCTION
Energy is playing an important role in human and economic development. On of the
driving forces for social and economic development and a basic demand of nation is
energy. Most of the energy production methods are one-way, which requires change of
form for the energy. In parallel to developing technology, demand for more energy makes
us seek new energy sources. In parallel to developing technology, demand for more
energy makes us seek new energy sources. Researches for renewable energies have been
initiated first for wind power and then for solar power. Efficiency of solar power
conversion systems is ca. 18%, whilst that of wind power is ca. 55%. These efficiencies
could be increased by 50% with beam tracking, beam focusing and wind direction
adaptive motion methods.
Energy Resources- Solar and Wind
India is large country and the rate of electrification has not kept pace with the expanding
population, urbanization and industrialization and has resulted in the increasing deficit
between demand and supply of electricity. This has not only resulted in under
electrification but also put heavy pressure on the governments to keep pace with demand
for electricity. People not served by the power grid have to rely on fossil fuels like
kerosene and diesel for their energy needs and also incur heavy recurring expenditure for
the poor people in rural areas. Wherever the rural areas have been brought under power
grid the erractic and unreliable power supply has not helped the farmers and the need for
an uninterrupted power supply especially during the critical farming period has been has
been a major area of concern.
Solar Energy
India receives a solar energy equivalent of 5,000 trillion kWh/year with a daily average
solar energy incidence of 4-7 kWh/m2. This is considerably more than the total energy
consumption of the country. Further, most parts of the country experience 250-300
sunny days in a year, which makes solar energy a viable option in these areas.
Decentralized renewable energy systems, which rely on locally available resources, could
provide the solution to the rural energy problem, particularly in remote areas where
grid extension is not a viable proposition Solar energy, with its virtually infinite potential
and free availability, represents a nonpolluting and inexhaustible energy source which
can be developed to meet the energy needs of mankind in a major way. The high cost,
fast depleting fossil fuels and the public concern about the eco-friendly power
generation of power have led to a surge of interest in the utilization of solar energy
(7)
Wind Energy
The development of wind power in India began in the 1990s, and has significantly
increased in the last few years. Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry
compared with Denmark or the United States, India has the fifth largest installed wind
power capacity in the world. In 2009-10 India's growth rate was highest among the other
top four countries.
As of 31 Jan 2013 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 18634.9MW, mainly
spread across Tamil Nadu (7134 MW), Gujarat (3,093 MW), Maharashtra (2310.70
MW), Karnataka (1730.10 MW), Rajasthan (1524.70 MW), Madhya Pradesh (275.50
MW), Andhra Pradesh (200.20 MW), Kerala (32.8 MW), Orissa (2MW), West
Bengal (1.1 MW) and other states (3.20 MW). It is estimated that 6,000 MW of additional
wind power capacity will be installed in India by 2012. Wind power accounts for 6% of
India's total installed power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the country's power.
Power Plant Producer Location State Total Capacity
(MWe)
Vankusawade Wind Suzlon Energy Ltd Satara District. Maharashtra 259
Park
Cape Comorin Aban Loyd Chiles Offshore Ltd. Kanyakumari Tamil Nadu 33
Kayathar Subhash Subhash Ltd. Kayathar Tamil Nadu 30
Ramakkalmedu Subhash Ltd. Ramakkalmedu Kerala 25
Muppandal Wind Muppandal Wind Farm Muppandal Tamil Nadu 22
Gudimangalam Gudimangalam Wind Farm Gudimangalam Tamil Nadu 21
Puthlur RCI Wescare (India) Ltd. Puthlur Andhra 20
Pradesh
Lamda Danida Danida India Ltd. Lamba Gujarat 15
(8)
Objectives
The aim of this work is design and implementation of a solar-wind hybrid energy system.
This work is expected to help to understand the basics of solar-wind hybrid power generation. A
small part of the daily electricity consumption with an efficient utilization of solar and wind
power. Here we made a hybrid system where the solar power is stored in a battery and the
combination of battery output and wind power output fed to the load. Because of the availability
of wind is through out the day & night whereas solar power is only available in daylight and for
a limited time, here we are not storing the wind power.
In brief, the objectives are:
Wind power generation
Solar power generation
Storage of generated solar power
To Design a suitable charger for battery
Make a wind-solar hybrid power system
Display electrical power output using a LED lighting system
Wind Power Generation:
To extract energy from wind and to convert that energy into electrical power, we need a Wind
Turbine setup which can convert the mechanical power into electrical power. The blades of the
wind turbine are fixed to the rotor part of the generator set which is mounted on the turbine
using gear-arrangement.
Wind with a speed of 5km/hr or more causes the rotation of the blades of the turbine. As the
blades rotate, the mechanical power then converts into electrical power with the help of
generator set.
Solar Power Generation:
As mentioned earlier sun gives us energy in terms of both heat & light. But we are using
light energy for producing electrical energy. The system which converts sunlight to
electrical energy is called Solar Cell. It is basically a photo-volatic cell or PV cell which
is photo sensitive.
(9)
When sunlight falls on the ‘N’ side, the free electron flows from ‘N’ to ‘P’. As the electron
get enough energy to breakdown the bond and flow through the load. So current flows in
opposite direction. This is the main operating principle of solar cell.
Storage of Generated Solar Power:
For storing the solar energy we will use a battery. The battery will be charged during the
day. At night it will supply the loads. The load can be supplied during the charging time if
-
The storage energy in battery > Energy required to drive the load
Suitable Charging Circuit for Battery -Backup:
The charger will charge any 8V lead acid battery including flooded, gel and AGM. It is fully
automatic and will charge at a rate up to about 2.5A until the battery voltage reaches a
preset point at which it will switch to a very low current float charge. If the battery
voltage drops again the charger will begin charging until the voltage once again reaches
the cut off point. In this way it can be left connected to a battery indefinitely to maintain
full c harge without causing damage. A white LED indicate when the battery is fully
charged & it’s charging state.
Wind-Solar Hybrid Power System Setup:
After completing the wind turbine and solar power generation setup, we will check the
output of the each power source. After successful power generation from both the power
source we will combine the two power source. While doing this we will consider the
voltage and current value of each power source because if there’ll be a mismatch in any
parameter stated before, the system may not work and even a part or the whole system
may damage.
(10)
An overview of the whole process
Wind Turbine Solar Panel
Lead-Acid
Battery
Backup
Combiner Box
LED Lighting System
(11)
MAJOR COMPONENTS OF HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
(12)
Discussion:
When setting up the experiments we noticed that angle of the rotor blades plays a major
part in determining the voltage produced. The most voltage was produced when the
blades were angled slightly from the plane of rotation. This configuration however also
took the longest to get started and might not be very effective at harnessing the power of
wind gusts. When the rotor blades were placed at greater angles the turbine picked up
speed faster but it never reached optimal rotational speeds.
Blade shape also played a role in voltage production. We believe that both surface
area of the blade and shape are important. Shape D performed very well in most
settings.
B also did well with the two blade configuration. We believe a bulged blade with a
rounded top would work best.
The number of blades was important as well. Perhaps more blades tend to create
more drag as they rotate at higher speeds. The one blade design worked very well
but the problems of properly counterbalancing the rotor probably lower the output.
Blade size had an effect on our measured results. I believe that we did not have an
adequate setup to properly test this variable. In our tests the smallest blades
performed best. I think this occurred because the small blades were completely in the
wind while the ends of the larger blades were not. The ends of the larger blades
probably just caught a lot of drag as they spun around slowing down the turbine. To
properly test this parameter a large wind tunnel with constant wind speed would be
necessary.
The presence of gears to speed up the drive shaft of the DC more had a great effect on
voltage produced. We only performed non-geared arrangement. The data of the geared
arrangement has been taken from the internet. It would probably be worth
experimenting with differing degrees of gearing to find the optimum combination.
(13)
On the basis of the above experimental value and to generate and supply adequate
power to load, we designed and fabricated a turbine wind mill set.
Here, we used two PMDC (Permanent Magnet DC) motors to work as a generator.
Rating of the motor is 12V, 0.75Amps, 600 rpm .
A 3-bladed set made of aluminum used as turbine blade.
The turbine is connected in parallel so that output voltage is the result of the
summation of the turbine and solar cell.
Height of the wind-mill stand is about 24 inches.
Base of the wind-mill is 6x6 sq. inches
Diameter of the turbine-holder is 1.25 inches.
(14)
5 inches
3-blade
PMDC Motor
(15)
On running condition, Open Circuit Voltage of wind-turbine is around 1.85V
DC.
When connecting them in series, Voc becomes 3.6V DC
An LED board has been connected to the system’s load terminal and this LED board
fully lighted up.
The actual set-up of the wind-mill with load and without load has shown here.
Twin-turbine Wind mill set Wind mill set on running condition
(16)
Solar Power Generation:
Equivalent Circuit of a solar cell
A BRIEF DETAILS OF SOLAR CELL
MATLAB REPRESENTATION
OF SOLAR CELL
The Solar Cell block represents a solar cell current source.
The solar cell model includes the following components:
Solar-Induced Current
Temperature Dependence
Thermal Port
Solar-Induced Current
The block represents a single solar cell as a resistance Rs that is connected in series with a
parallel combination of the following elements:
Current source
Two exponential diodes
Parallel resistor Rp
(17)
Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit
We have made a Lead-acid battery charger circuit using a comparator IC741. In the circuit
we used a voltage regulator to get 7.5V DC and a transistor TIP122 which will work as a
relay in this circuit.
Circuit Design:
Light detecting resistor
(18)
An overview of our model
Testing of the Circuit
1) First we will start the power button .
2) we will check the circuit initially and do not connect any battery.
3) Feed 12V input to get 7v across the battery charging terminals.
4) Next, start the controller preset such that the green LED just lights up fully.
5) Circuit is now ready to function.
6) Switch OFF power. Connect a discharged battery and switch ON power, the circuit will do the rest.it
will cut off as soon as the battery voltage reaches 7V.
(20)
Battery Charger Circuit:
1. This is the circuit set-up in 3.5x6 inches box. Input of this circuit comes from two
12v, 3watt solar modules connected in series to get 8v,3A DC output.
2. The output of the circuit is connected to a 8v,3Ah lead-acid battery which is
fully charged.
(21)
CONSTRAINTS
The major problem we faced was with the wind turbine-during the setting up
process we took a single wind turbine model and the output was very low.
Another problem was determining the blade design. We tried 3 different shapes of
blade.
In solar power generation, we had to use two same rated solar PV module.
There was a regulating problem initially with the lead-acid battery charger circuit
(22)
Conclusion & future Prospect
This project model can be implemented in rural areas where the power cut-off is
regular.
With some modification in wind-turbine part and increasing the no. solar panel and
wattage this model can be utilized as stand-alone system specially in offshore-
onshore where the speed of wind is adequate.
By using a Power Converting Unit (PCU) this model can be utilized as a Grid-tie
power system.
References:
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_India#Future
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_energy_consumption
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy
4. http://www.solarenergy.gen.in/
5. http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/hybrid-wind-and-solar-electric-systems
6. http://www.mathworks.in/help/physmod/simscape/ref/solverconfiguration.html
7. http://www.mathworks.in/help/physmod/powersys/ref/powergui.html
(23)
