Scribd
Upload
42 views1 page

HW 10 Soln

This document provides solutions to proofs regarding homomorphisms between groups. It contains: 1) Proofs that two mappings between groups are homomorphisms and two are not. 2) A proof that a mapping between polynomial groups is a homomorphism. 3) A proof that a mapping between direct product groups is a homomorphism. 4) A proof by contradiction that there is no homomorphism from a direct product group onto another direct product group. 5) A proof using the First Isomorphism Theorem that a direct product group modulo a normal subgroup is isomorphic to another group.

Uploaded by

Vaibhavi Maurya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
42 views1 page

HW 10 Soln

This document provides solutions to proofs regarding homomorphisms between groups. It contains: 1) Proofs that two mappings between groups are homomorphisms and two are not. 2) A proof that a mapping between polynomial groups is a homomorphism. 3) A proof that a mapping between direct product groups is a homomorphism. 4) A proof by contradiction that there is no homomorphism from a direct product group onto another direct product group. 5) A proof using the First Isomorphism Theorem that a direct product group modulo a normal subgroup is isomorphic to another group.

Uploaded by

Vaibhavi Maurya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

MATH 403: Homework Chapter 10 Proof Solutions

1. Two of the following are homomorphisms and two are not. Provide proof.

(a) φ : Z → Z given by φ(x) = 2x.


Proof: This is a homomorphism since φ(x + y) = 2(x + y) = 2x + 2y = φ(x) + φ(y).
(b) φ : Z → Z5 given by φ(x) = x + 1 mod 5.
Proof: This is not a homomorphism since, for example,
φ(1 + 1) = φ(2) = 3 6= 4 = 2 + 2 = φ(1) + φ(1).
(c) φ : R → C∗ given by φ(x) = cos x + i sin x.
Proof: This is a homomorphism since

φ(x)φ(y) = (cos x + i sin x)(cos y + i sin y)


= cos x cos y + i cos x sin y + i sin x cos y + i2 sin x sin y
= (cos x cos y − sin x sin y) + i(cos x sin y + sin x cos y)
= cos(x + y) + i sin(x + y)
= φ(x + y)

(
α if α ∈ A4
(d) φ : S4 → A4 given by φ(α) =
(12)α if α 6∈ A4
Proof: This is not a homomorphism since, for example,
φ((12)(23))φ((12)) = [(12)(23)] [(12)(12)] = (12)(23) = (123)

3. Z [x] denotes all polynomials with coefficients which are integers. This is a group under addition
(do not prove this). Define η : Z [x] → Z by η(p(x)) = p(4).
(Note: η is the Greek letter eta.)

(b) Prove that η is a homomorphism.


Proof: η(p(x) + q(x)) = η((p + q)(x)) = (p + q)(4) = p(4) + q(4) = η(p(x)) + η(q(x)).

4. Consider the mapping φ : Z ⊕ Z → Z given by φ(a, b) = a − b.

(a) Show that φ is a homomorphism.


Proof: φ((a, b) + (c, d)) = φ((a + c, b + d)) = (a + c) − (b + d) = (a − b) + (c − d) =
φ(a, b) + φ(c, d).

4. Prove there is no homomorphism from Z16 ⊕ Z2 onto Z4 ⊕ Z4 .


Note: The word onto is critical!
Proof: If there were such a homomorphism φ then by the First Isomorphism Theorem we
would have |Kerφ| = 2. However consider that |(1, 0)| = 16 in Z16 ⊕ Z2 . If φ(1, 0) = (a, b)
then |(a, b)| = 1, 2 or 4. If |(a, b)| = 1 then (a, b) = (0, 0) and then φ(x, 0) = 0 for all x ∈ Z16 ,
a contradiction. If |(a, b)| = 2 then φ(0, 0) = φ(2, 0) = φ(4, 0) = ... = φ(14, 0), a contradiction.
If |(a, b)| = 4 then φ(0, 0) = φ(4, 0) = φ(8, 0) = φ(12, 0), a contradiction.

5. Prove that Z ⊕ Z/ h3, 1i ≈ Z.


Proof: Define φ : Z ⊕ Z → Z by φ(x, y) = x − 3y. Then φ is onto since φ(x, y) = x for any x,
and kerφ consists of all (x, y) with x − 3y = 0, meaning x = 3y, thus equals h3, 1i. Thus by
the First Isomorphism Theorem we have the result.

You might also like