DepED perartMenr If oF EDUCATION Statistics and Probability Quarter 4 - Module 2: Identifying Parameters for Testing in Given Real-Life ProblemsA. average of all residents B. disapproval rating below 21% C. political committee paying a newspaper ad D. percentage of city residents who express disapproval 13. A motorcycle manufacturer advertises that its new subcompact models get 47 mpg. If p is the mileage of these cars, what kind of parameter is used? A. mean C. proportion B. variance D. standard deviation 14. Three percent (3%) of cars of a certain model have needed new engines after being driven between 0 and 80 miles. The manufacturer hopes that redesigning one of the engine's components has solved this problem. What kind of parameter is illustrated in the problem? A. mean C. proportion B. variance D. standard deviation 15. Arandom sample of 101 bottles of cologne showed an average content of 4 oz. It is known that the population standard deviation of the contents is 0.22 oz. In this problem, translate the parameter into symbols. A W=4 B. ¢=101 C. w= 0.22 D. 6 =0.22 Identifying Parameters for Testing in Given Real-Life Problems Inferential statistics makes use of sample data to make an inference and conclusion about a population. The main activities of inferential statistics are using sample data (1) to estimate a population parameter and (2) to test a hypothesis or claim about a population parameter. But before you test a hypothesis, you should understand first what parameter is and how to identify it in each real-life problem. For instance, you might be interested in the average age of your section where you belong and found the average age was 17. Do you think this is an example of parameter? To be able to answer this question, read and understand this moduleeR) What’s In Activity 1. Choose Wisely! Directions: Choose the best answer and write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper. 1, The _ in a set of data is the sum of the values divided by the total number of values. A. mean B. range C. variance D. standard deviation 2. The is the middle value of a data set when it is arranged from smallest to largest. A. mean B. median C. variance D. standard deviation 3. The is the item of data that appears most frequently in a set of data. A. mean B. mode C. median D. standard deviation 4. The measurement that shows how data are spread above and below the mean is the __. A. mean B. range C. variance D. standard deviation 5. Mean, median, and mode are examples of measures of ___. A. variation —_B. data sets C. statistics D. central tendency Check the student’s level of readiness for the next topic. If the student did not answer most of the item, you may provide another review activity on the concepts related to quantitative statistics.Activity 2: Grouping! Directions: Group the following symbols into two. Place the first group inside Box A and the second group in Box B. x P s sp # o og A B Guide Question: 1. What are the symbols that you placed in Box A? Box B? 2. How did you categorize each symbol or notation? 3. What mathematical principle did you consider in answering the activity? 4. Which symbols seemed to be familiar to you and which are not? Pp What Is It Parameters in statistics are important component of any statistical analysis. In simple words, a parameter is any numerical quantity that characterizes a given population or some of its aspects. This means the parameter tells us something about the whole population. However, the numerical measure that is calculated from the sample is called statistic. Statistic is a known number and a variable that depends on the portion of the population. A parameter denotes the true value that would be obtained if a census rather than a sample was undertaken. Examples of parameters are the measures of central tendency. These tell us how the data behave on an average basis. For example, mean, median, and mode are measures of central tendency that give us an idea about where the data concentrate. Meanwhile, standard deviation tells us how the data are spread from the central tendency, ice. whether the distribution is wide or narrow. Such parameters are often very useful in analysis. In the normal distribution, there are two parameters that can characterize a distribution - the mean and standard deviation. By varying these two parameters, you can get different kinds of normal distribution.Different symbols are used to denote parameters. Based on Activity 2, symbols are grouped as indicated in the table below. Measure Statistic Parameter mean & (x-bar) 4 (myu) variance & @? (sigma squared) standard deviation s o (sigma) proportion B(p hat) Pp Mean and standard deviation are two common parameters. Identifying Parameter to be Tested Illustrative Examples: 1. The average height of adult Filipinos 20 years and older is 163 cm for males. Parameter: the average height of adult Filipinos 20 years and older In hypothesis testing, the parameter will be translated into symbols such as [= 163 where wis the symbol for mean/average and 163 is the value that pertains to the average height. 2. A Grade 11 researcher reported that the average allowance of Senior High School students is P100. A sample of 40 students has mean allowance of P120. At a = 0.01 test, it was the claimed that the students had allowance of P 100. The standard deviation of the population is P50. Parameters: the average allowance of Senior High School students is 100 or w= P100 In this claim, there are different parameters used but the parameter to be tested in this hypothesis would be the average allowance of Senior High School students since it relates to the population, not in sample. Statistical hypothesis is a conjecture about the population parameter that’s why you will look for the population mean, population standard deviation, or population proportion but not sample mean. 3. According to a survey, 63% of the parents are willing to spend extra money for their children’s health and education matters. Parameter: the percentage/proportion of parents willing to spend extra money in their children’s health and education matter or p = 0.63 1. Just look for mean/average, standard deviation, variance, and proportion of population. 2. Determine the value that pertains to the given parameter, then translate them in symbols for hypothesis testing. Y To identify the parameters to be tested:Cc What’s More Activity 3. Translate It! Directions: Determine the notation of the given parameter, inequality symbol, or value of the parameter. Notation | Symbols | Value Parameter (9.9.07) 1. Average salary of Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) graduates is at most £324,000. IA 2. The standard deviation of adults riding a bus is 1.5. = 3. Filipino employers offer a mean of 15 days of paid vacation for sick leave —— | | 1s 4. Survival rate of breast cancer in the Philippines is below 50%. 50. 5. Mean number of vehicles in households is at most 1.9 personal vehicles. u Activity 4-5. What Is Your Parameter? Directions: Determine the parameter to be tested in each situation by writing your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Translate it into symbols. 1. The television habits of children were observed and found out that the standard deviation is 12.4 hours per week. 2. A newspaper article stated that students in the country take an average of 4 years to finish their undergraduate degrees. Suppose that you believe the mean time is longer, you conducted survey on 49 students. The result obtained a sample mean of 5 with a sample standard deviation of 1.2, 3. According to DOLE, registered nurses in government earned an average monthly salary of P9,700. For that same year, a survey was conducted on 41 registered nurses to determine if the mean salary is higher than the previous survey. The sample average was P10,000 with a sample standard deviation of 2,500. 4. Records of the Department of Health (DOH) revealed that 14.7% of the country's Filipino smokers have maintained their habit of smoking.eo What I Have Learned Answer the following questions? 1, What is a parameter? 2. What are the two commonly used parameters? What are their symbols or notations? 3. What are the other notations used as parameters? ‘o identify the parameter to be tested in a claim/hypothesis, what are the concepts to consider? ‘zo What ICan Do to List down five (5) different real-life situations where hypothesis testing can be done. Identify the parameter to be tested in each situation. i. akan Assessment Directions: Choose the best answer to the given questions or statements. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. The numerical measure that describes the certain characteristics of a population is called A. sample —_B. statistics _C. parameter —_D. population 2. What are the two common parameters of normal distribution? A.wando — B. aandp C. pand yt D. pandp3. Anna wants to estimate the average shower time of teenagers. From the sample of 50 teenagers, she found out that it takes 5 minutes for teenagers to shower. What is the parameter? A. sample of 50 teenagers _C. average shower time of teenagers B. 50 teenagers in 5 minutes _D. took 5 minutes for teenagers to shower 4. What kind of parameter is applied in the given situation? “The mean height of all Grade 11 students is 170 cm.” A. mean B. variance C. proportion —_D. standard deviation 5. An education official wants to estimate the proportion of adults aged 18 and above who had read at least one book during the previous year. A random sample of 1,006 adults aged 18 or older is obtained, and 835 of those adults had read at least one book during the previous year. Determine the parameter in the situation. A. The parameter is the 835 adults. B. The parameter is the average of adults aged 18 and above. c. The parameter is the proportion of adults who had read at least one book during the previous year. D. The parameter is the random sample of 1,006 adults 18 and above who had read a book in the previous year. 6. Which of following denotes the true value that would be obtained if a census rather than a sample was undertaken? A sample B. statistic C. parameter —_D._ population 7. Which of following is NOT a parameter? Ao BE Con D. p 8. Which of the following symbols is used for population variance? AS B. @? Qo Dew 9. A study claims that the mean survival time for a certain cancer patient treated immediately with chemotherapy and radiation is 24 months. Which is the parameter? A. 24 months B. study claims on cancer C. mean survival time for a certain cancer patient D. mean survival time of 24 months with chemotherapy and radiation 10, What is the parameter to be tested in this claim? As stated by a company’s shipping department, the number of shipping errors per million shipments has a standard deviation of 2.7. A. million shipments C. number of shipping errors B. standard deviation of 2.7 _D. company shipping department 11. A researcher claims that the mean monthly consumption of coffee per person is more than 19 cups. In a sample of 60 randomly selected people, the mean monthly consumption was 20. The standard deviationof the sample was 4 cups. Which is the parameter to be tested in this claim? A. sample of 60 randomly selected people B, mean consumption of 60 selected people C. the mean consumption of coffee per person D. the standard deviation of the sample which was 4 cups 12. A certified public accountant (CPA) claims that more than 30% of all accountants advertise. What kind of parameter is used in this claim? A. mean B. variance C. proportion _D.. standard deviation 13. The average baptismal cost includes 50 guests. A random sample of 32 baptismal during the past year in the National Capital Region has a mean of 53 guests and a standard deviation of 10. Which is the parameter? A. the mean of 53 guests C. arandom sample of 32 baptismal B. the standard deviation of 10 _D. the average baptismal cost including 50 guests 14. Powder milk is packed in 1-kilogram bag. An inspector from Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) suspects that bags may not contain 1 kilogram. A sample of 40 bags produces a mean of 0.96 kilograms and standard deviation of 0.12 kilogram. In this problem, 0.96 kilogram is A. variance C. population mean B. sample mean D. standard deviation 15. In symbols, what is the parameter in the given claim below? In 2018, DepEd reported that the proportion of Grade 10 completers who proceeded to Grade 11 is 93%. A.p=093 B. ¢=093 C. p=093 D. #=093 Additional Activities Activity 6. Parameter Plus! Directions: Determine the parameter to be tested in the given problems below. 1. An electric lamps manufacturer is testing a new method of producing lamps that will be considered acceptable in a normal population with an average life of 2,600 hours and a standard deviation equal to 350. A sample of 80 lamps produced by this method has an average life of 2,630 hours. Can the hypothesis of validity for the new manufacturing process be accepted with a risk equal to or less than 5%? 2. A car dealer claims that the average price of Honda Vios is at least 662,000.00. A client suspected that the claim is incorrect and found 10