For Extension students (2006 E.C) By Biruk.

Possible exercise on machine element two

Flat belt
1. An engine shaft running at 120 r.p.m. is required to drive a machine shaft by means of a belt.
The pulley on the engine shaft is of 2 m diameter and that of the machine shaft is 1 m diameter.
If the belt thickness is 5 mm; determine the speed of the machine shaft, when
1. there is no slip; and 2. there is a slip of 3%. [Ans. 239.4 r.p.m. ; 232.3 r.p.m.]

2. A pulley is driven by a flat belt running at a speed of 600 m/min. The coefficient of friction
between the pulley and the belt is 0.3 and the angle of lap is 160°. If the maximum tension in the
belt is 700 N; find the power transmitted by a belt. [Ans. 3.974 kW]

3. Find the width of the belt necessary to transmit 10 kW to a pulley 300 mm diameter, if the
pulley makes 1600 r.p.m. and the coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley is 0.22.
Assume the angle of contact as 210° and the maximum tension in the belt is not to exceed
8N/mm width. [Ans. 90 mm]

4. An open belt 100 mm wide connects two pulleys mounted on parallel shafts with their centers
2.4 m apart. The diameter of the larger pulley is 450 mm and that of the smaller pulley 300 mm.
The coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley is 0.3 and the maximum stress in the
belt is limited to 14 N/mm width. If the larger pulley rotates at 120 r.p.m., find the maximum
power that can be transmitted. [Ans. 2.387 kW]

5. A rough rule for leather belt is that effective tension in it, shall not exceed 15 N/mm of width
for a belt of 10 mm thickness. This rule is applied to determine width of belt required to transmit
37 kW, under the following conditions: Angle of lap = 165°; Coefficient of friction = 0.3;
Velocity of belt = 1500 m/min; Density of leather = 950 kg/m3.

v- belt
1. A V-belt drive consists of three V-belts in parallel on grooved pulleys of the same size. The
angle of groove is 30° and the coefficient of friction 0.12. The cross-sectional area of each belt is
800 mm2 and the permissible safe stress in the material is 3 MPa. Calculate the power that can
be transmitted between two pulleys 400 mm in diameter rotating at 960 r.p.m.
[Ans. 101.7 kW]
2. Power is transmitted between two shafts by a V-belt whose mass is 0.9 kg/m length. The
maximum permissible tension in the belt is limited to 2.2 kN. The angle of lap is 170° and the
groove angle 45°. If the coefficient of friction between the belt and pulleys is 0.17; find 1.
velocity of the belt for maximum power; and 2. power transmitted at this velocity.
[Ans. 28.54 m/s ; 30.66 kW]
3. A V-belt drive system transmits 100 kW at 475 r.p.m. The belt has a mass of 0.6 kg/m. The
maximum permissible tension in the belt is 900 N. The groove angle is 38° and the angle of
contact is 160°. Find minimum number of belts and pulley diameter. The coefficient of friction
between belt and pulley is 0.2. [Ans. 9 ; 0.9 m]

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 For Extension students (2006 E.C) By Biruk.G

4. A-V belt is to transmit 20 kW from a 250 mm pitch diameter sheave to a 900 mm diameter
pulley. The centre distance between the two shafts is 1000 mm. The groove angle is 40° and the
coefficient of friction for the belt and sheave is 0.2 and the coefficient of friction between the
belt and flat pulley is 0.2. The cross-section of the belt is 40 mm wide at the top, 20 mm wide at
the bottom and 25 mm deep. The density of the belt is 1000 kg / m3 and the allowable tension
per belt is 1000 N. Find the number of belts required.
[Ans. 3]
C h a in D r iv es
1. Design a roller chain to transmit power from a 20 kW motor to a reciprocating pump. The
pump is to operate continuously 24 hours per day. The speed of the motor is 600 r.p.m. and that
of the pump is 200 r.p.m. Find: 1. number of teeth on each sprocket; 2. pitch and width of the
chain.
2. Design a chain drive to run a blower at 600 r.p.m. The power to the blower is available from a
8 kW motor at 1500 r.p.m. The centre distance is to be kept at 800 mm.

3. A chain drive using bush roller chain transmits 5.6 kW of power. The driving shaft on an
electric motor runs at 1440 r.p.m. and velocity ratio is 5. The centre distance of the drive is
restricted to 550 ± 2% mm and allowable pressure on the pivot joint is not to exceed 10 N/mm2.
The drive is required to operate continuously with periodic lubrication and driven machine is
such that load can be regarded as fairly constant with jerk and impact. Design the chain drive by
calculating leading dimensions, number of teeth on the sprocket and specify the breaking
strength of the chain. Assume a factor of safety of 13.

Sliding Contact Bearings

1. The main bearing of a steam engine is 100 mm in diameter and 175 mm long. The bearing
supports a load of 28 kN at 250 r.p.m. If the ratio of the diametral clearance to the diameter is
0.001 and the absolute viscosity of the lubricating oil is 0.015 kg/m-s, find : 1. The coefficient of
friction ; and 2. The heat generated at the bearing due to friction.
[Ans. 0.002 77 ; 101.5 J/s]
2. A journal bearing is proposed for a steam engine. The load on the journal is 3 kN, diameter 50
mm, length 75 mm, speed 1600 r.p.m., diametral clearance 0.001 mm, ambient temperature
15.5°C. Oil SAE 10 is used and the film temperature is 60°C. Determine the heat generated and
heat dissipated. Take absolute viscosity of SAE10 at 60°C = 0.014 kg/m-s.
[Ans. 141.3 J/s ; 25 J/s]
3. A 100 mm long and 60 mm diameter journal bearing supports a load of 2500 N at 600 r.p.m. If
the room temperature is 20°C, what should be the viscosity of oil to limit the bearing surface
temperature to 60°C? The diametral clearance is 0.06 mm and the energy dissipation coefficient
based on projected area of bearing is 210 W/m2/°C.
[Ans. 0.0183 kg/m-s]

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 For Extension students (2006 E.C) By Biruk.G

4. A tentative design of a journal bearing results in a diameter of 75 mm and a length of 125 mm

for supporting a load of 20 kN. The shaft runs at 1000 r.p.m. The bearing surface temperature is
not to exceed 75°C in a room temperature of 35°C. The oil used has an absolute viscosity of 0.01
kg/m-s at the operating temperature. Determine the amount of artificial cooling required in watts.
Assume d/c = 1000.
[Ans. 146 W]

5. A journal bearing is to be designed for a centrifugal pump for the following data : Load on the
journal = 12 kN ; Diameter of the journal = 75 mm ; Speed = 1440 r.p.m ; Atmospheric
temperature of the oil = 16°C ; Operating temperature of the oil = 60°C; Absolute viscosity of oil
at 60°C = 0.023 kg/m-s. Give a systematic design of the bearing.

Rolling contact bearing

1. A ball bearing subjected to a radial load of 4000 N is expected to have a satisfactory life
of 12 000 hours at 720 r.p.m. with a reliability of 95%. Calculate the dynamic load
carrying capacity of the bearing, so that it can be selected from manufacturer's catalogue
based on 90% reliability. If there are four such bearings each with a reliability of 95% in
a system, what is the reliability of the complete system? [Ans. 39.5 kN ; 81.45%]

2. A rolling contact bearing is subjected to the following work cycle : (a) Radial load of
6000 N at 150 r.p.m. for 25% of the time; (b) Radial load of 7500 N at 600 r.p.m. for
20% of the time; and (c) Radial load of 2000 N at 300 r.p.m. for 55% of the time. The
inner ring rotates and loads are steady. Select a bearing for an expected average life of
2500 hours.

3. A single row deep groove ball bearing operating at 2000 r.p.m. is acted by a 10 kN radial
load and 8 kN thrust load. The bearing is subjected to a light shock load and the outer
ring is rotating. Deter- mine the rating life of the bearing

Gears
1. Calculate the power that can be transmitted safely by a pair of spur gears with the data given
below. Calculate also the bending stresses induced in the two wheels when the pair transmits this
power.
 Number of teeth in the pinion = 20
 Number of teeth in the gear = 80
 Module = 4 mm
 Width of teeth = 60 mm
 Tooth profile = 20° involute
 Allowable bending strength of the material
= 200 MPa, for pinion
= 160 MPa, for gear

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 For Extension students (2006 E.C) By Biruk.G

 Speed of the pinion = 400 r.p.m.

 Service factor = 0.8

2. Design a spur gear drive required to transmit 45 kW at a pinion speed of 800 r.p.m. The
velocity ratio is 3.5 : 1. The teeth are 20° full-depth involute with 18 teeth on the pinion. Both
the pinion and gear are made of steel with a maximum safe static stress of 180 MPa. Assume a
safe stress of 40 MPa for the material of the shaft and key.