 Adjectives (Keiyoshi)

I-Adjectives Na-Adjectives

Japanese English English Japanese Japanese English

Atarashii New Bad Warui Anzen Na Safe
Atatakai Warm Bad Tasting Mazui Benri Na Convenient
Atsui Hot Big Ookii Fuben Na Inconvenient
Oishii Delicious Boring Tsumaranai Genki Na Healthy, Well
Ookii Big Bright Akarui Jouzu Na Skillful
Osoi Late, Slow Busy Isogashii Kiken Na Dangerous
Omoshiroi Interesting, Funny Cheap Yasui Kirai Na Distasteful
Kurai Dark Cold Samui Kirei Na Pretty
Chikai Near Cool Suzushii Nigiyaka Na Lively
Nagai Long Dark Kurai Shinsetsu Na Kind
Muzukashii Difficult Delicious Oishii Shizuka Na Quiet
Ii Good Difficult Muzukashii Shoujiki Na Honest
Takai Tall, Expensive Early, Quick Hayai Suki Na Favorite
Yasui Cheap Easy Yasashii Teinei Na Polite
Isogashii Busy Far Tooi Yuumei Na Famous
Furui Old Good Ii

Suzushii Cool Hot Atsui English Japanese

Samui Cold Interesting, Funny Omoshiroi Convenient Benri Na
Mazui Bad Tasting Late, Slow Osoi Dangerous Kiken Na
Chiisai Small Long Nagai Distasteful Kirai Na
Hayai Early, Quick Low Hikui Famous Yuumei Na
Tsumaranai Boring Near Chikai Favorite Suki Na
Akarui Bright New Atarashii Healthy, Well Genki Na
Tooi Far Noisy Urusai Honest Shoujiki Na
Mijikai Short Old Furui Inconvenient Fuben Na
Yasashii Easy Short Mijikai Kind Shinsetsu Na
Warui Bad Small Chiisai Lively Nigiyaka Na
Hikui Low Tall, Expensive Takai Polite Teinei Na
Wakai Young Warm Atatakai Pretty Kirei Na

Urusai Noisy Young Wakai Quiet Shizuka Na

Safe Anzen Na

Skillful Jouzu Na

 Colors (Iro)
Black Kuroi Blue Aoi Pink Momo/Pinku
White Shiroi Brown Chai Red Akai
Yellow Kiroi Green Midori Gray Hai
Orange Daidai Purple Murasaki Gold Kin
Bronze Seidou Silver Gin Rainbow Kougei
  Measurement

Preference Capability
Kirai desu Not at all (-100%) Zenzen Not at all (0%)
Suki jya arimasen Not at all (0%) Amari Not very (5%)
Amari suki jya arimasen Not very (5%) Sukoshi A little (10%)
Suki Likes (75%) Daitai Substantial (50%)
Dai suki Likes a lot (101%) Yoku Very well (100%)
 Conjugation

Present/Future Past
+ - + -
Nouns Desu Jya/Dewa Arimsasen Deshita Jya/Dewa Arimasen Deshita
Formal
Na Adj. Is Isn’t Was Wasn’t
Da Jya/Dewanai Datta Jyanai Datta/ Dewanai Datta
Casual
Is Isn’t Was Wasn’t

Arimasu Formal Arimasu Arimasen Arimashita Arimasen deshita

Casual Aru Nai Atta Inakatta
Has/Have Doesn’t have Had Didn’t had
Imasu Formal Imasu Imasen Imashita Imasen deshita
Casual Iru Inai Itta Inakatta

Desu Kunai Desu Kuna(i) Katta Desu

I Adj. Formal Katta Desu Was
Is Isn’t Was
Desu Kunai Katta Kuna(i) Katta
Casual
Is Isn’t Was Wasn’t

 Basic Particles/Articles (Joshi)

o Wa – Topic marker o Made - Until

o Ga – Subject marker o E – Indicates the direction of the verb
 Used with Imasu/Arimasu  Ikimasu GO,
 But  Kimasu COME,
o O (Wo) – Direct object  Kaerimasu GO HOME)
o Ka – Spoken Question mark o De – Indicates where an action takes place, Instrument
o No… – Possession marker By means of - ), Manner
o Ni – Location, TimeSpecific/Interval) , Place, In Direct o To… – And Complete, Definite No. of items)
Object, Direction, Manner o Ya…Nado - And Indefinite No. of items)
o Kara – From, Because

 Advance Particles/Articles (Joshi)

o Keredemo – However, But o Soretomo – Or, Else
o Shikashi – However, But Placed before a sentence) o Nai to…/De Nakereba – Otherwise
o Soshite/Sorekara – and then o Yori – More than
o Mo…Shi…Mo… Shi- Moreover) Adjective (Keiyoushi)
 Connects coordinated clauses with same o …Kute, …I Adjective - And
polarity) o …De…Na Adjective – And
 Nihongo mo benkyou shimashita shi, Eigo mo  …Kute/De…Adjective – Use the “And” of the
Benkyou shimashita shi leading adjective
o Bakari – nothing but  Oishii de kirei desu
o Bakari de naku – Not only but also  Kirei na-kute Oishi des