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Module 14 Physical Science

Galileo challenged Aristotle's views of motion through experiments. [1] Galileo believed that objects in uniform motion will travel a distance proportional to time and accelerating objects' speed is proportional to time. [2] He also believed that unimpeded objects will remain in motion without an external force. [3] Galileo viewed projectile motion as horizontal uniform motion combined with vertical acceleration.

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617 views7 pages

Module 14 Physical Science

Galileo challenged Aristotle's views of motion through experiments. [1] Galileo believed that objects in uniform motion will travel a distance proportional to time and accelerating objects' speed is proportional to time. [2] He also believed that unimpeded objects will remain in motion without an external force. [3] Galileo viewed projectile motion as horizontal uniform motion combined with vertical acceleration.

Uploaded by

Elixa Hernandez
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Achieve Great Things, Initiate Changes, Transform from Better to best, Excel and Remain Humble

Olinsterg Bldg., Maharlika Highway, Poblacion III, Tiaong, Quezon, Philippines


Telefax Number: (042)-545-6547 / Cell No. 0922-8934738
PHYSICAL SCIENCE

I. UNIT NO. & TITLE: Unit II: Physics Matters


II. LESSON NO. & TITLE: Lesson 14: Galilean Conceptions: Vertical Motion, Horizontal Motion, and Projectile
Motion
III. WEEK NUMBER: Week 12
IV. MODULE NUMBER: Module 14
V. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students must be able to:
 Compare and contrast the Aristotelian and Galilean conceptions of vertical motion,
horizontal motion, and projectile motion.
VI. REFERENCES : Teaching Guide for Senior High School ( Physical Science) Published by the Commission on
Higher Education, 2016
https://www.notes/physical-science/72-galilean-conceptions-vertical-motion-horizontal-motion-and-projectile-
motion/3098402366842634/

VII. ACTIVITY: Finding Out Ideas : Write your own opinion about the question below

Why do objects move?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________

Write your answers in the box.

VIII. DISCUSSION:

Scientists and philosophers alike have been trying to answer this question even before 300 B.C. One of the well-known
philosophers who attempted to do this was Aristotle. His attempt was based on inductive-deductive reasoning and was
accepted for centuries.

However, Galileo Galilei challenged the Aristotelian view of motion when he had his actual and thorough experiments. He
disagreed with most of Aristotle’s claims and provided his own description of motion.

Galilean Conceptions vs. Aristotelian Conceptions


According to Aristotle, motion can be either natural or violent motion. In a natural motion, the object will move and will return
to its natural state based on the object's material or composition. In contrast, an object moving in a violent motion requires
an external force (push or pull) for the object to move.

He also had his view on the projectile motion of an object. He believed that an object thrown at a certain angle is given an
impetus—a force or energy that permits an object to move. It will continue to move in such state until the object’s impetus is
lost, and the object returns to its natural state, causing it to stop and fall to the ground.

Galileo disproved Aristotle’s claims and believed that the motion of objects is not simply due to the composition of objects.
He mentioned that motion can be described by mathematics and the changes in some physical variables such as time and
distance. Using his actual and thorough experiments, he was able to prove that:
1. an object in uniform motion will travel a distance that is proportional to the time it will take to travel;
2. a uniformly accelerating object will travel at a speed proportional to some factor of time; and
3. an object in motion, if unimpeded, will continue to be in motion; an external force is not necessary to maintain the
motion.

Galileo's Conceptions of Motion

Horizontal motion
An object in motion, if unimpeded, will continue to be in motion, and an external force is not necessary to maintain the
motion. If the Earth’s surface is very flat and extended infinitely, objects that are pushed will not be impeded. Thus, the
objects will continue to move. This kind of motion, however, is not evident in nature. For example, if a ball is pushed on an
infinitely flat plane, the ball will continue to roll if unimpeded.

Vertical motion
In the absence of a resistance, objects would fall not depending on their weight, but in the time of fall. Also, if the object
encountered a resistive force from a fluid equal or greater than its weight, it will slow down and reaches a uniform motion
until it reaches the bottom and stops. For example, without any resistance, a 1-kg object will be as fast as a 10-kg object
when falling because they fall with the same amount of time, given that they are released from the same height. Also, a
stone dropped in the ocean will sooner or later travel at constant speed.
Projectile motion
Galileo believed that a projectile is a combination of uniform motion in the horizontal direction and uniformly accelerated
motion in the vertical direction. If it is not impeded, it will continue to move even without an applied force. For example, when
you shoot a ball in a basketball ring, the ball does not need a force to keep it moving.

Key Points

 Galileo believed that an object in uniform motion will travel a distance that is proportional to the time it took to travel;
a uniformly accelerating object will travel with a speed proportional to some factor of time; and an object in motion, if
unimpeded, will continue to be in motion; an external force is not necessary to maintain the motion.
 Galileo believed that a projectile is a combination of uniform motion in the horizontal direction and uniformly
accelerated motion in the vertical direction.

IX. PRACTICE/APPLICATION/SYNTHESIS: (See worksheet #14)


X. ASSESSMENT: (See worksheet #14)
XI. REFLECTION: (See worksheet #14)
Achieve Great Things, Initiate Changes, Transform from Better to best, Excel and Remain
Humble
Olinsterg Bldg., Maharlika Highway, Poblacion III, Tiaong, Quezon, Philippines
Telefax Number: (042)-545-6547 / Cell No. 0922-8934738

PHYSICAL SCIENCE
WORK SHEET NO. 14
Name: ______________________________ Grade & Section:___________________
I. PRACTICE/APPLICATION/SYNTHESIS:

Explore!

In a vacuum chamber, a 1-kg object and 10-kg object was dropped at a certain height and at the same time.
Which of the following objects will reach the ground first?

Try it!

Who has a more acceptable view of falling objects, Aristotle or Galileo? Try to test it in the following activities
below. Take note that in every activity, both objects should be dropped at the same time and at the same
height.
1. Drop a book and a flat sheet of paper coming.
2. Drop a book and a sheet of paper crumbled to a ball.
3. Drop a book with a small flat sheet of paper on top of it.

In all three cases, which object reach the ground first? Whose view is more acceptable then, and why?
II. ASSESSMENT:

Answer the following.

1. Which of the following does Galileo believe about motion?


A. A violent motion is caused by an external force.
B. Objects will continue to be in uniform motion if unimpeded.
C. Objects move because of their elemental composition.
D. Heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects if there is no resistance.
2. According to Galileo, an object in uniform motion will travel a distance that is proportional to _____.
A. time
B. acceleration
C. velocity
D. speed
3. If the object encountered a resistive force from a fluid equal or greater than its weight, it will ______.
A. have a uniform motion
B. accelerate
C. disappear
D. slow down
4. A metal ball dropped in a pool went down slowly. This means that the resistive force on the ball is _______.
I. equal to its weight
II. less than its weight
III. greater than its weight
IV. equal to zero
A. I and III
B. II and IV
C. II and III
D. All of the above
5. Which of the following agrees with Galileo’s view of motion?
A. A feather will be as fast as an iron ball if dropped in a vacuum.
B. If a 10-kg boulder is dropped to the sea, it will stop midway.
C. Planets revolve around the Sun because of a Prime Mover.
D. Smoke rises because the sky is its natural place.
6. Which of the following is true about the projectile of an arrow when shot?
A. It has a continuous applied force from the person who shot the arrow.
B. It creates a vacuum that sucks air in, and the air pushes the arrow.
C. It rises because arrows are mostly air.
D. It has both uniform motion and uniformly accelerating motion.
7. Which of the following agrees with Galileo’s view of motion?
A. A flying baseball has both uniform motion and uniformly accelerating motion.
B. A box will stop sliding in a frictionless plane if the applied force is removed.
C. A balloon rises because it is mostly air, and the sky is its natural place.
D. An iron ball will always fall faster than a rubber ball.
8. According to Galileo's view, which will reach the floor of the vacuum chamber first, a sheet of paper or a
bowling ball?
A. The bowling ball will reach the vacuum chamber.
B. The sheet of paper will reach the vacuum chamber.
C. They will reach the floor at the same time.
D. They will not reach the floor and will be sucked in the vacuum.

A box sliding on the floor slowly stops.


9. Why is this so?
A. There was a force that impeded the sliding box.
B. The applied force from the pusher disappeared.
C. The resistive force from the floor is equal to the applied force.
D. The boxes are usually made of earth, so the box, being a heavy element, stops.

Terminal velocity is the maximum velocity that an object could travel when it is falling with air resistance. When
an object is at terminal velocity, its velocity becomes constant.
10. Which Galilean concept helps explains this?
A. The object’s traveled distance depends on the time.
B. An external force is not necessary to maintain the movement of the object.
C. Due to a resistive force, an object slows down and reaches a uniform motion.
D. Any object will fall at the same rate.

III. REFLECTION:

List down the activities that you did for this week and identify among those activities where you can apply the
lesson/s that you have learned from this module. Write your answer below with minimum of at least five
sentences.

III. FEEDBACK: (Teacher’s comments or reactions after submission and checking.)


Prepared by: Checked By:
VI-JAY D. SALCEDO,LPT JOAN B. DIMACULANGAN,LPT
Subject Teacher Academic Coordinator
Noted By:
LAARNI L. TOLENTINO,LPT
School Principal

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