To say that “the cost of basic commodities is a function of the supply of such

commodities” is to say that when there is scarcity of supply of certain goods, the prices of
GATEWAY INTEGRATED SCHOOL
those goods tend to rise.
OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
GENERAL TRIAS CAMPUS We can express as many functional conditions we can think of, a convenient way of
Sitio Tinungan, Brgy. Manggahan, General Trias, Cavite
Contact Numbers: 0930-021-9394 / 0906-688-2622 / (046) 433-5477 doing this is to use variables x and y to represent any quantities we desire , Hence we can
say that y is a function of x, symbolically written as y = f ( x) ,then we can assigns any
Grade 9 Mathematics Module 1 quantities to these variables.
Previously , you have dealt with linear functions whose standard form is ax + by + c = 0,
Chapter 1. Lesson 1.1 Solving for y gives
−ax−c
Quadratic Functions
y=
b
Which is graphing form, thus given an equation, say
3x – 2y – 7 = 0, this can be expressed as
3 x −7
-2y = 7 -3x or y =
2
Clearly , for some values assigned to x, there will be corresponding values
for y, we can construct a table of values
X 1 3 -1
y -2 1 -5

As you have learned before, you can plot points using the ordered pairs to be able to draw
the graph of the linear function, which is a line. Note that , in geometry, we know that 2
points determine a line . Therefore, you need only two points to graph the line.
Name

Grade/Section
Prepared by: 3
3
Ms. Jhon Robert S. Clavo -5
Subject Teacher
Now, let us extend the concept a little farther. This time, we will
consider y = f( x) where is of the second degree. Generally, such function is
The mathematical concept of function can be associated with the concept of functions in
represented as
our daily activities. For instance, performance is a function of the study habits of the
students. This simply means that the level of study habits of the student’ tends to y= ax2 + bx + c
determine the grades that they will get students who practice good study habits have Note that a≠0 . But b and c or may not be 0. This called a quadratic function.
higher chance of obtaining good grades. Hence, the following are quadratic functions.
 Y= 3x2 b. The curve is symmetric with respect to the line x= 0 or the y-axis.
y= x2+2x c. The curve opens downward.
y= 2x2 -5 d. The curve has a y-intercept on the y-axis and intersects the x-axis in 2 points as
y= x2 + 4x – 5 x- intercepts.
Just as in the case of linear functions, we can construct tables of values to graph
some quadratic functions. As you draw the graphs, you will be able to observe 3. y=3x2 -6x
some characteristics of the graphs. x 0 1 -1 2 3
1. y= 2x2 y 0 -3 9 0 9
x 0 1 -1 2 -2
y 0 2 2 8 8

(-1, 9) (3, 9)
-2,8 2,8

1,2 (2, 0)
-1,2
(0, 0)
(1, -3)

Observe the Following: x=0

a. There is a lowest or minimum point ( 0,0). a. There is a lowest or minimum point ( 1,-3).
b. The curve is symmetric with respect to the line x= 0 , or y The y-axis. b. The curve is symmetric with respect to the line x= 1.
This line x=0 passes through the minimum point. c. The curve opens upward.
c. The curve has x and y intercepts at the origin. d. The curve has an intercept at the origin, ( 0,0) and another at the x- axis ( 2, 0).

2. Y= 2x 4. y= -6x
x 0 1 -1 2 -2 x 0 1 -1 -2 -3
y 9 7 7 1 1 y -25 -55 -7 -1 -7

(0,9)
(-1,7) (1,7) -2,-1
(-2,1) (2,1)

-3,-1
s -1,-7
x= -2
a. There is a highest or maximum point( 0,9). a. The highest or maximum point is ( -2,-1)
 _________5.
b. The curve is symmetric with respect to the line x= -2, which passes through the Y= 0.36 + 0.8x+ 0.9x2
maximum point.
c. The curve opens downward. III . In each quadratic function, give the values of a,b, and c.
d. The curve does not intersect the x- axis. ______1. y= 4x2 – 3x
______2. y= 10 + x2
_________
Examine the graphs on the previous page. What properties can be observed? 3. x2 + y = 0
1. The curve is symmetric with respect to the axis of symmetry . Such curve is ______4. 12+ 3x – x2
called Parabola, which is the graph of a quadratic functions. _________
5. y+ 2x2 + x- 5 = 0
2. The curve has either maximum or minimum point. This is the vertex of the
parabola. B. A. in each graph , identify ( a) the vertex (b) the equation of the axis of
3. If the coefficient x2 is positive , the curve opens upward , and the vertex is a symmetry, ( c) the number of x- intercepts and (d) the range.
minimum point. If the coefficient of x2 is negative , the curve opens downward ,
1.
and the vertex is a maximum point.
4. The axis of symmetry passes through the vertex of the parabola.
5. The vertex of the parabola may be on, above or below the x- axis. ( 0,5)
Consequently, there may be two,one or no x -intercept/s.
D= ( values which x can take.) ( 2,3)
R= ( values which are obtained from the assignment of the x- values. (-2,2)
A function has its domain D and range R.
Looking back at the graphs, x can take positive aand negative values and 0.
Therefore
D = { x/x € R)

However , the y= values will depend on the function or the nature of the graph. a. ________________
1. R= { y/y ≥ 0} b. ________________
2. R = { y/y ≤ 9} c. ________________
3. R= {y/y ≥−3 } d. ________________
4. R= { y/y ≤−1
2.
Exercise 1.1
I. A. on the blank , write Q if the function is quadratic and N if not.
2 2
______1. y=- x (0,4)
5
______2. y= a2 x - -3b2 ( 4,4)
______3. y= 8- 11x2
( 3, 1)
_________ 1 3
4. y= + x – x3
2 4
 a. _____________________________________
b. _____________________________________
c. _____________________________________
d. _____________________________________
II. Graph each function using table of values
1. y= -x 2 + x 2. y= x2 - 4

3. y= x2 + x 4. y= x2 + 5
5. y= x2 + 6x + 10 6. y= x2 – 8x + 14

7. y= x2 + 6x + 10 8. y= -x 2 - 3

x2 1 10. y= -x2 + 10x -23

9. y= +x-
6 2