APA 7 th edition

Dr. Lloyd C. Bautista, DPA

 Essay Format:
• Font - While you still can use Times New Roman 12, you
Major are free to use other fonts. Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans
10, and Georgia 11 are all acceptable.
changes in • Headers - No running headers are required for student
papers.
the APA 7th • Tables and Figures - There is a standardized format for

edition both tables and figures.

Style, Grammar, Usage:
• Singular "they" required in two situations: when used by
a known person as their personal pronoun or when the
gender of a singular person is not known.
• Use only one space after a sentence-ending period.
Others
Citation Style:
• Developed the "Four Elements of a Reference" (Author, Date, Title, Source) to help
writers to create references for source types not explicitly examined in the APA
Manual.
• Three or more authors can be abbreviated to First author et al. on the first citation.
• Up to 20 authors are spelled out in the References List.
• Publisher location is not required for books
• Ebook platform, format, or device is not required for eBooks.
• Library database names are generally not required
Hyperlinks -
− No "doi:" prefix, simply include the doi.
− The DOI is the digital object identifier, which is a string of numbers/letters to identify and link
the document on the web. URL is the web address.
− All hyperlinks retain the https://
− Links can be "live" in blue with underline or black without underlining
 • Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second
Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of
article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal,
Journal Volume Number(Issue Number), first page
number-last page number.
article – one Albergas, W.L. (2017). Hybrid warfare:
author Barefoot running strikes
back. National Security Studies,
463(2), 433-434
• (Albergas, 2017, p. 433) – in text quote
Journal article from a website – one author

• Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of

Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume
Number(Issue Number if given). URL
Nordic, A. (2010). Asia’s pivot: The security impact of US’s return to Asia
Pacific. War Colleges Review, 1(30). https://escholarship.
org/uc/item/6bh7j4z4
• (Nordic, 2010)
Journal Article From Library Database with
DOI
Bailey, N.W. (2012). Evolutionary models of extended phenotypes. Trends in Ecology &
Evolution, 27(3), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126

Pempek, T.A., Yermolayeva, Y.A., & Calvert, S.L. (2009). College students' social
networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental
Psychology, 3(2), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010t
Book with Watson, J. (2012). Human caring science: A theory of
nursing (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett

One Author Learning.

In text: (Watson, 2012)
(Print or • Place of publication is not required

eBook from
Case, L. P., Daristotle, L., Hayek, M. G., & Raash, M.
F. (2011). Canine and feline nutrition: A
resource for companion animal
Library professionals (3rd ed.). Mosby.
American Psychological Association.
Database) (2010). Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (6th ed.).
• Corporate author is also the publisher
Chapter or articles from a Book
Stockholm, E., & Taylor, C. (2018). The cybersecurity challenges in 21st
century. In P.A. Henderson, J.C. Ross-Kerr & M.J. Wood
(Eds.), Cybersecurity (5th ed., pp. 993-1016). Elsevier.

Lewis, H. (1999). Security in ASEAN region. Harper & Sons.

http://www.gutenberg.org/files/ 17366/17366-h/17366-h.htm

Price, P.C., Jhangiani, R., & Chiang, I. A. (2015). Research methods in

psychology (2nd Canadian ed.). BCcampus. https://
opentextbc.ca/researchmethods

In-text quote: (Lewis, 1999, p. 107)

Open textbooks

• Multiple formats (web, PDF, ePUB, Kindle).

• If you are using a version without page numbers (web) or with resizable
text (ePUB, Kindle), follow the advice on citing with no page numbers:
• Provide the chapter, section, and paragraph number.
• (Price, Jhangiani, & Chiang, 2015, Ch. 1, Understanding section, para. 5)
 • Citing two different sources that share the same author
Same author and year of publication, assign lowercase letters after the
year of publication (a, b, c, etc.).
with the Avinol, J. (2015a). Soft power in China’s regional security.

same year F&B Publisher.

Avinol, J. (2015b). The rise of Russia as a cryptosecurity
threat. Samwell Publisher.
Govt document from a website

Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth Services. (2010, April 27). Your
preschool child's speech and language development.
http://www.children.gov.on.ca/htdocs/English/topics/earlychild
hood/ speechlanguage/brochure_preschool.aspx

Health Council of Canada. (2007). Canadians' experience with chronic

illness care in 2007.
• Note: When the government department, agency or committee that
created the document is also the publisher, omit the publisher.
Interviews and emails

"Infections are often contracted while patients are recovering in the

hospital" (J. D. Black, personal communication, May 30, 2013)
• Note: If the name of the person who was interviewed is mentioned in
the sentence leading into the quote or paraphrased content, you do
not need to repeat it in the in-text citation.
J.D. Black explained that "infections are often contracted while
patients are recovering in the hospital" (personal communication, May
30, 2013).
Newspaper Article

Schachter, H. (2012, June 18). What does it take to be a good team

player? The Globe and Mail, B7.
• Note: If an article ends with a question mark or exclamation mark (!),
you do not need to add a period to mark the end of the title.
• Newspaper article from a website
Juan, J. (2012, June 12). Stopping the soda bulge: Why we need to
consider restricting sugary beverages. National
Post. https://nationalpost.com/health/stopping-the-soda-bulge-
why-we-need-to-consider-restricting-sugary-beverages
Annotated bibliography
• Includes a summary and/or evaluation of each of your reference or
works cited.
• Summarize:
− What are the main arguments? What is the point of this book
or article? What topics are covered? If someone asked what
this article/book is about, what would you say? The length of
your annotations will determine how detailed your summary
is.
• Assess:
− Is it a useful source? How does it compare with other sources
in your bibliography? Is the information reliable? Is this source
biased or objective? What is the goal of this source?
• Reflect:
− How it fits into your research. Was this source helpful to you?
How does it help you shape your argument? How can you use
this source in your research project? Has it changed how you
think about your topic?
Why should I begin with
annotated bibliography
• It is a preparation for a research project.
• Just collecting sources for a bibliography is useful, but
when you have to write annotations for each source,
you're forced to read each source more carefully.
• You begin to read more critically instead of just collecting
information.
• At the professional level, annotated bibliographies allow
you to see what has been done in the literature and
where your own research or scholarship can fit.
• To help you formulate a thesis: Every good research
paper is an argument.
Source:
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/using_research/quoting_paraphrasi
ng_and_summarizing/paraphrasing.html
Paraphrasing
• Your own version of information and ideas expressed by
someone else, presented in a new form.
• One legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate
documentation) to borrow from a source.
• A more detailed restatement than a summary, which
focuses concisely on a single main idea.
Six steps
1. Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.
2. Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.
3. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how
you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key
word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.
4. Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version
accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.
5. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you
have borrowed exactly from the source.
6. Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can
credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.
Quotations
• Must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source.
They must match the source document word for word and must be
attributed to the original author.
• Provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing
• Refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing
• Give examples of several points of view on a subject
• Call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with
• Highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting
the original
• Distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers
that the words are not your own
• Expand the breadth or depth of your writing