Introduction to Information Technology

Course Title: Introduction to Information Technology Full Marks: 60 + 20 + 20

Course Description: This course covers the basic concepts of computers and information
technology including introduction, hardware, software, memory, input/output, data
representation, database, networks and data communication, Internet, multimedia, and
computer security.

Course Objectives: The main objective of this course is to provide students knowledge of
fundamental concepts of computers and information technology.

Detail Syllabus:
Unit 1 Introduction to Computers Teaching
Hours (3)
Introduction Definition and uses of computers 1 hr
Digital and Analog Definition and uses of digital and analog computers
Computers with example. Differences between digital and
analog computers. Definition of hybrid computer.
Characteristics of Different characteristics of computers like speed,
Computer accuracy, diligence, storage capability, versatility
etc.
History of Computer History of computers from abacus to recent
development.
Generations of Generations of computers from first to fifth along 1 hr
Computer with characteristics of each generation.
Classification of Classification of computers based on size and type:
Computer super-computer, mainframe-computer, mini-
computer, micro-computer. Characteristics of each
class.
The Computer System The four parts of computer system: hardware, 1hr
software, data and users. Input-process-output
concept. Components of computer hardware:
input/output unit, central processing unit, and
memory unit.
Application of Applications of computers in different sectors like
Computers education, health, agriculture, entertainment,
scientific research, sports etc.
Unit 2 The Computer System Hardware Teaching
Hours (3)
Introduction Computer hardware definition. Different hardware 1 hr
components.
Central Processing Unit CPU and its functions. Different components of
(CPU) CPU: arithmetic logic unit, registers, control unit
Memory Unit Memory and its functions. Cache memory, primary
memory, and secondary memory.
Instruction Format What is instruction format? Concept of operation 1 hr
 code and operand code.
Instruction Set Definition and example of instruction set.
Instruction Cycle Fetching, decoding, executing, and storing steps of
instruction cycle.
Microprocessor What is microprocessor? RISC and CISC 1 hr
architecture. Concept of pipeline and parallel
processing.
Interconnecting the Concept and types of bus. Concept of external
Units of a Computer ports.
Inside a Computer Concept of different components inside a computer
Cabinet cabinet like motherboard, ports and interfaces,
expansion slots, memory chips, processor, hard disk
etc.
Unit 3 Computer Memory Teaching
Hours (4)
Introduction Definition of computer memory. 1 hr
Memory Description of bit, byte, kilobyte, megabyte,
Representation gigabyte and terabyte.
Memory Hierarchy Memory hierarchy from registers to magnetic tape.
Internal and secondary memory.
CPU Registers Description of CPU registers as working memory. 1 hr
Cache Memory Description cache memory and its levels.
Primary Memory What is primary memory? Different types of
primary memory.
Secondary Memory What is secondary memory? Different types of
secondary memory?
Access Types of Sequential access and direct access. 2 hr
Storage Devices
Magnetic Tape Description, working mechanism, and features
magnetic tape.
Magnetic Disk Description, working mechanism, and features
magnetic disc. Different types of magnetic disks.
Optical Disk Description, working mechanism, and types of
optical disks.
Magneto-Optical Disk What is magneto-optical disk?
How the Computer Different memory used by computers from the
uses its memory moment the computer is switched on till the time it
is switched off.
Unit 4 Input and Output Devices Teaching
Hours (4)
Introduction Definition and uses of input/output devices. 1 hr
Input-Output Unit Description of input and output unit.
Input Devices What is input device?
Human Data Entry Keyboard, mouse, trackball, joystick, digitizing
Devices tablet, light pen, touch screen.
Source Data Entry Speech recognition, digital camera, scanner, OCR, 2 hr
Devices OMR, MICR, barcode reader.
Output Devices Hard copy devices – printer (different types),
plotter. Soft copy devices – Monitor, projector,
 speaker.
I/O Port Concept of I/O port. Serial, parallel, USB, firewire 1 hr
ports.
Working of I/O System Detail working of I/O system. I/O hardware and I/O
software.
Unit 5 Data Representation Teaching
Hours (6)
Introduction Different types of data. 1 hr
Number System Introduction to number system, different types of
number systems.
Conversion from Conversion of both decimal integer and decimal
Decimal to Binary, fraction.
Octal, Hexadecimal
Conversion of Binary, Conversion of Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal to 2 hr
Octal, Hexadecimal to Decimal.
Decimal
Conversion of Binary Conversion of Binary to Octal, Hexadecimal.
to Octal, Hexadecimal
Conversion of Octal, Conversion of Octal, Hexadecimal to Binary.
Hexadecimal to Binary
Binary Arithmetic Binary addition and subtraction. 2 hr
Signed and Unsigned Signed and Unsigned Numbers, Complement (1’s
Numbers and 2’s) of binary numbers.
Binary Data Fixed point and floating point number
Representation representation.
Binary Coding Introduction to EBCDIC, ASCII, and Unicode. 1 hr
Schemes
Logic Gates What is logic gate? Basic logic gates.
Unit 6 Computer Software Teaching
Hours (6)
Introduction Definition of computer hardware and computer 3 hr
software.
Types of Software Classification of software: system software and
application software.
System Software Definition and purpose of system software, system
software for computer management and for
developing software.
Application Software What is application software? Types of application
software.
Software Acquisition The different ways in which software is made
available to the users.
Operating System Operating System (Introduction, Objectives of 3 hr
(Introduction, Operating System, Types of OS, Functions of OS,
Objectives of Process Management, Memory Management, File
Operating System, Management, Device Management, Protection and
Types of OS, Functions Security, User Interface, Examples of Operating
of OS, Process Systems).
Management, Memory
Management, File
Management, Device
Management,
Protection and
Security, User
Interface, Examples of
Operating Systems)
Unit 7 Data Communication and Computer Network Teaching
Hours (5)
Introduction What is data communication? What is computer 2 hr
network?
Importance of Different uses of computer network.
Networking
Data Transmission Guided (twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and
Media optical fiber cable) and unguided (radio,
microwave, and satellite transmission) media.
Data Transmission Transmission modes, transmission speed, 1 hr
across Media electromagnetic wave, signal.
Data Transmission and Point-to-point communication and switching.
Data Networking
Computer Network Introduction to computer network.
Network Types LAN, MAN, WAN
Network Topology What is network topology? Bus, ring, star, tree, 2 hr
mesh, and hybrid topologies.
Communication What is communication protocol? ISO model and
Protocol its seven layers.
Network Devices NIC, Repeater, Bridge, Hub, Switch, Router and
Getway.
Wireless Networking Introduction and uses of wireless networking.
Bluetooth, wireless LAN and Wireless WAN.
Unit 8 The Internet and Internet Services Teaching
Hours (4)
Introduction What is Internet? 1 hr
History of Internet History of Internet.
Internetworking Introduction to TCP/IP.
Protocol
The Internet Client, ISP, Regional ISP, and Backbone.
Architecture
Managing the Internet Governing bodies of the Internet. 1 hr
Connecting to Internet How to connect to the Internet?
Internet Connections Different internet connections.
Internet Address IP address and domain names.
Internet Services WWW, Email, FTP, Telnet.
Uses of Internet Different uses of Internet. 2 hr
Introduction to Internet Introduction and applications of IoT, wearable
of Things (IoT), computing and cloud computing.
Wearable Computing,
and Cloud Computing
Introduction to E- What is e-commerce? Types of e-commerce.
commerce, E- Introduction and applications of e-governance,
governance, Smart smart city, and GIS.
City, and GIS
Unit 9 Fundamentals of Database Teaching
Hours (4)
Introduction Introduction 2 hr
Database What is database? File-oriented approach and
database approach. Benefits of database approach.
E-R model and relational model.
Database System Introduction, components, and architecture.
Database Management What is DBMS? Database language. Database
System administrator.
Database System Centralized, client/server, and distributed databases. 1 hr
Architectures
Database Applications Different applications of database.
Introduction to Data Introduction to Data Warehousing, Data mining, 1 hr
Warehousing, Data and BigData
mining, and BigData
Unit 10 Multimedia Teaching
Hours (3)
Introduction What is multimedia? 1 hr
Multimedia - Definition of multimedia.
Definition
Characteristics of Four basic characteristics.
Multimedia
Elements of Text, graphics, audio, video, animation. 2 hr
Multimedia
Multimedia Different applications of multimedia
Applications
Unit 11 Computer Security Teaching
Hours (3)
Introduction Introduction to computer security. 1 hr
Security Threat and What is security threat? Security attack and its
Security Attack types.
Malicious Software Virus, worm, trojan horse.
Security Services Confidentiality, integrity, authentication, non-
repudiation
Security Mechanism What is security mechanism? What is 2 hr
(Cryptography, Digital cryptography? Introduction to secret key and public
Signature, Firewall, key cryptography. Introduction to hash function and
User Identification and digital signature. Firewall, its functions, and types.
Authentication, User identification and authentication - user name
Intrusion Detection and password, smart card, and biometrics.
Systems) Introduction to intrusion detection systems.
Security Awareness What is security awareness?
Security Policy What is security policy? Formulating security
policy.
Text Books:
1. Computer Fundamentals, Anita Goel, Pearson Education India

Reference Books:
1. Introduction to Computers, Peter Norton, 7th Edition, McGraw Hill Education
2. Computer Fundamental, Pradeep K. Sinha and Priti Sinha
3. Data Mining Concepts and Techniques, Third Edition, Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber
and Jian Pei
4. Cloud Computing Bible, Barrie Sosinsky, Wiley

Laboratory Works:
After completing this course, students should have practical knowledge of different hardware
components of computer, operating systems, Word Processors, Spreadsheets, Presentation
Graphics, Database Management Systems, and Internet and its services. The laboratory work
includes:
1. Demonstration of different hardware components of a computer.
2. Knowledge of different operating systems like Windows, Linux, and DOS; Working with
folders; Adding and removing programs.
3. Knowledge of different features of word processors like creating, saving, opening,
editing, formatting, and printing documents; Using page setup; Working with bullets and
numbers; Working with tables, mail merge, macros, and table of contents; Inserting
pictures; Checking spelling, thesaurus and grammar.
4. Knowledge of Spreadsheet features like workbooks and worksheets, functions and
formulas, cell referencing, sorting, data validation, conditional formatting; Creating
charts.
5. Creating presentation slides; Adding animations; Inserting Charts, Graphics, Movies and
Sound Clips.
6. Creating tables, query, reports, and forms; Understanding different data types.
7. Understanding Internet and its services like WWW and E-mail; Using search engine;
Managing web browsers

Model Question:

Course Title: Introduction to Information Technology Full Marks: 60

Section A
Attempt any two questions. (2 × 10 = 20)
1. What is operating system? Discuss different functions of operating system in detail. (2 +
8)
2. Why do we need computer network? Discuss different types of network topologies along
with their merits and demerits. (3 + 7)
3. What are the benefits of storing data using databases? Discuss three levels of database
system architecture in detail. (3 + 7)

Section B
Attempt any eight questions. (8 × 5 = 40)
4. Discuss characteristics of third generation of computers. Compare it with fourth
generation. (3 + 2)
5. Discuss the components of CPU in brief. (5)
6. What is primary memory? Discuss different types of primary memory. (1 + 4)
7. Define hard-copy and soft-copy output. Differentiate between impact and non-impact
printers with example. (2 + 3)
8. Convert (AF7)16 to binary. Subtract (1001101)2 from (1100011)2. (2 + 3)
9. Define IP address with example. What are the benefits of using domain name? (2 + 3)
10. What are the characteristics of multimedia? Discuss. (5)
11. Define cryptography. Discuss public key cryptography in detail. (1 + 4)
12. Write short notes on: (2 × 2.5 = 5)
a. BigData
b. E-governance