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Lesson 8 Derivative of Higher Order: Module 1: Differential Calculus

This document discusses higher order derivatives of composite functions. It provides examples of computing second and third order partial derivatives. It also shows that for functions with continuous second order partial derivatives, the order of partial differentiation does not matter. Questions are provided at the end to test understanding of higher order derivatives and partial derivatives of implicit and parametric functions.

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66 views7 pages

Lesson 8 Derivative of Higher Order: Module 1: Differential Calculus

This document discusses higher order derivatives of composite functions. It provides examples of computing second and third order partial derivatives. It also shows that for functions with continuous second order partial derivatives, the order of partial differentiation does not matter. Questions are provided at the end to test understanding of higher order derivatives and partial derivatives of implicit and parametric functions.

Uploaded by

subhradeep
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module 1: Differential Calculus

Lesson 8

Derivative of Higher Order

8.1 Introduction

Derivative of higher order of composite function may be computed by the


principles given in Lesson 7. As an example, let us compute three drivatives of
order two for the function We assume that three

functions along with partial derivatives are continous upto order 3. First let us
consider the higher order partial derivatives.

8.1.1 For , we assume that the three fucntions

Differentiating again, remember that are themselves composite

functions.
Derivative of Higher Order

We omit the arguments in these fucntions to have space. If we admit that

then it is easily shown that .

8.1.1 Higher-order partial derivatives As is true for ordinary derivatives, it is


possible to take second, third, and higher order partial derivatives of a function
of several variables, provided such derivatives exist.

It is not true in general

Example 8.1 Let ; for and .

Solution:

We have
Derivative of Higher Order

Hence

So
Derivative of Higher Order

i.e., .

8.1.2 Partial Derivatives of Higher Order (Equality of and ).

If possesses continuous second order partial derivatives and ,

then

Note: Existence of partial derivatives does not ensure continuity of a function.

Example 8.2 Let ; for and .

Solution:

But is discontinuous at .
Derivative of Higher Order

Example 8.3 If , show that

Solution:

i.e., .

Example 8.4 If , show that

Solution: We have and . Now

So
Derivative of Higher Order

Example 8.5 Let , where and are assumed

to have continuous second partial derivatives, show that .

Solution:

Questions: Answer the following questions.

1. For , find ,

2. Find , if by not eleminating and

3. Show that the functions z = φ ( x 2 − y 2 ) , where φ (u ) is a differentiable function,


∂z ∂z
satisfies the relationship y + x = 0.
∂x ∂y

dy
4. Find the derivatives of the functions represented implicitly
dx

2 2 2
(i ) sin ( xy ) − e − x y = 0 (ii ) xe + ye − e = 0 (iii ) y = x (iv) x + y = a
xy 2 y x xy x y 3 3 3

5. If r = xφ ( x + y ) + yψ ( x + y ) , show that
Derivative of Higher Order

∂ 2r ∂ 2r ∂ 2r
− 2 + = 0.
∂x 2 ∂x∂y ∂y 2

( φ and ψ are twice differentiable function.)

1
6. If u = [φ (ax + y ) + φ (ax − y )] , show that
y

∂ 2u a 2 ∂  2 ∂u 
= ⋅ y .
∂x 2 y 2 ∂y  ∂y 

Keywords: Higher order derivatives, higher order partial derivatives

References

W. Thomas, Finny (1998). Calculus and Analytic Geometry, 6th Edition,

Publishers, Narsa, India.

Jain,R. K. and Iyengar,SRK. (2010). Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 3 rd


Edition Publishers, Narsa, India.

Widder, D.V. (2002). Advance Calculus 2nd Edition, Publishers, PHI, India.

Piskunov, N. (1996). Differential and Integral Calculus Vol I, & II, Publishers,
CBS, India.

Suggested Readings

Tom M. Apostol (2003). Calculus, Volume II Second Editions, Publishers,John


Willey & Sons, Singapore.

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