Relations
and
Functions
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able
to :
1. Define and differentiate function from a relation;
2. Identify the domain and range of functions;
3. Evaluate function;
4. Define piecewise function;
5. Identify the domain and range of piecewise
function;
6. Evaluate stepwise function; and
7. Apply the concepts of function and relations
including piecewise functions in everyday lives.
ACTIVITY 1.1
RELATIONS
Drag the points to figure out which point are
related to each other. Then, identify the
independent points and their dependent points.
Watch the following videos:
Relationship between Relations and Functions
Watch the following videos:
Ways to determine if a relation is a function or not
Watch the following videos:
Domain and Range of Piecewise
Function
Watch the following videos:
Evaluating Piecewise Function
Watch the following videos:
Real Life Application of Functions
Watch the following videos:
Real Life Application of Piecewise Functions
RELATIONS
Relations are set or collection of ordered pairs. It has
two components: x and y; input and output; domain
and range.
Relation as a diagram/mapping Relation as Table of Values
RELATIONS
Relations are set or collection of ordered pairs. It
has two components: x and y; input and output;
domain and range.
Relations as a set of
Ordered Pairs
Relations as plotted in the
Cartesian Plane
FUNCTIONS
A Function is a relation such that to each element
of the domain, there is assigned exactly one
element of the range.
Example 1.1: Determine whether the following
relations are functions or not.
FUNCTIONS
A Function is a relation such that to each
element of the domain, there is assigned exactly
one element of the range.
Example 1.1: Determine whether the following
relations are functions or not.
FUNCTIONS
A Function is a relation such that to each element
of the domain, there is assigned exactly one
element of the range.
Example 1.1: Determine whether the following
relations are functions or not.
FUNCTIONS
A Function is a relation such that to each
element of the domain, there is assigned
exactly one element of the range.
Example 1.1:
ACTIVITY 1.2
FUNCTIONS
Slide the point in both graphs and observe
when a relation becomes a function.
VERTICAL LINE TEST
The Vertical Line Test is a visual way to determine
if a curve is a graph of a function or not. A relation
is a function if there are no vertical lines that
intersect the graph t more than one point.
Example 1.2: Determine whether the following graph
is a function or not.
VERTICAL LINE TEST
The Vertical Line Test is a visual way to determine if
a curve is a graph of a function or not. A relation is a
function if there are no vertical lines that intersect
the graph t more than one point.
Example 1.2: Determine whether the following graph
is a function or not.
ACTIVITY 1.3
VERTICAL LINE TEST
Go to the link and type the following
equations. Then, slide the ruler to run a
vertical line test to show if the graph of the
following equations represent a function.
1. x2 + 5 = y
2. x + 5 = y2
3. x = 3
1
4. 𝑦 =
2
5. 5x + 6y = 2
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF
FUNCTIONS
The Domain (d/dom) of a function is the complete
set of possible values of the independent variable.
To find the domain, solve for the value of x.
The Range (r/ran/rng) of a function is the complete
set of possible resulting values of the dependent
variables after we substitute the domain. To find the
range, solve for the value of y.
Reminder:
1. The denominator cannot be zero.
2. The number under the square root sign must be
positive in this section.
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF
FUNCTIONS
Example 1.3: Find the domain and range of the
following functions.
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF
FUNCTIONS
Example 1.3: Find the domain and range
of the following functions.
2. F = {(1, 1), (3, 5), (4, 6), (8, 9)}
3. G = {(1, 0), (2, 0), (-1, 5)}
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 − 5𝑥
5. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1
ACTIVITY 1.4
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF
FUNCTIONS
Slide the points in both illustrations and take note
your observations how the domain and range
changes.
DOMAIN AND RANGE
OF FUNCTIONS
𝒈 𝒙 = −𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF FUNCTIONS
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF FUNCTIONS
𝟐
𝒉 𝒙 =
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏
FUNCTION NOTATION
Remarks:
1. f(x) should be read “f of x” NOT “f times x”.
2. f is the name of the function; it is not a number.
3. x is the input value or dependent variable.
4.f(x) is the output value or the value of the function f at
number x.
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS
To evaluate functions, substitute the input for the
function’s variable.
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS
Example 1.4: Evaluate the following functions.
1. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑 at:
1
a. 𝑓(2) b. 𝑓(−6) c. 𝑓( )
2
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS
Example 1.4: Evaluate the following functions.
1. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑 at:
d. 𝑓(𝑏) e. 𝑓(5𝑦 + 2)
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS
Example 1.4: Evaluate the following functions.
2. Evaluate the following functions at 𝑥 = 1.5.
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS
Example 1.4: Evaluate the following functions.
2. Evaluate the following functions at 𝑥 = 1.5.
EVALUATION OF
FUNCTIONS
Example 1.5: Give 5
inputs and their
corresponding outputs
for each of the
machines. And then,
determine which
machines are
functions.
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS
Activity 1.6: Solve the following problems.
1. Mark started selling snacks in the nearby school. In one day he
spends P 200 for rent and P 25 for each snack item he prepares. His
expenses in a single day can be expressed as the function
C(x) = 25x + 200, where x is the number of items and C(x) is his daily
expenses in pesos.
a. How much are his expenses if he prepares 100 snack items?
b. How much are his expenses if he prepares 150 snack items?
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS
Activity 1.6: Solve the following problems.
2. The function of the height of an object dropped from a 100-meter tall
platform at time t seconds is approximated by s(t) = - 5t2 + 100 (This
formula is based on an approximated value for the acceleration
g = 10𝑚/𝑠2 due to gravity). What is the height of the object after 2
seconds? After 4 seconds?
ACTIVITY 1.5
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS
Evaluate the following functions.
PIECEWISE FUNCTION
A Piecewise Function is a function which consist of two or more
functions in a specified domain.
The Domain of a piecewise function is the union of the specified
domains.
The Range of a piecewise function is the interval of the range of
each subfunction.
Example 1.9: Evaluate the following function and determine its
domain and range.
x - 1, x > 2
a. f(3)
f(x) = 2 - x2 , x ≤ 2 b. f(-4)
c. f(5)
SETTING UP PIECEWISE FUNCTION
Example 1.10: Create functions based on the following problems.
1. A user is charged P300 monthly for a 2. A jeepney ride costs P8 for the first
particular mobile plan, which includes four kilometers and each additional
100 free text messages. Messages in kilometer adds P 1.50 to the fare. Use a
excess of 100 is charged P 1 each. piecewise function to represent the
Represent the amount a consumer pays jeepney fare in terms of the distance 𝑑
each month as a function of the number in kilometers.
of messages 𝑚 sent in a month.
SETTING UP PIECEWISE FUNCTION
Example 1.10: Create functions based on the following problems.
3. A videoke machine can be rented for P 1, 000 for three days, but for
the fourth day onwards, an additional cost of P 400 per day is added.
Represent the cost of renting a videoke machine as a piecewise
function of the number of days it is rented.
ACTIVITY 1.6
PIECEWISE FUNCTION
Move the three points to change the interval of
each piece.
REAL LIFE APPLICATION OF
FUNCTIONS
Number of bricks Shadows Thermometer
and the perimeter
References
Chua, R.; et. al. (2016). General Mathematics: Soaring 21st Century Mathematics. Chapter 1 pp. 2 - 97. Phoenix Publishing
House.
Dimasuay, L.; et. al. (2016). General Mathematics for Senior High School. pp. 1 - 43. C & E Publishing, Inc.
Tanagon, M.; Rivera, J. (2004). Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics Workbook. Pp. 2 - 20. Vibal Publishing
House, Inc.
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