Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics (NOC16 - ME05)

Assignment - 3 : Solutions
Manjul Sharma & Aswathy Nair K.
(TAs for the course)
Department of Aerospace Engineering
IIT Madras
February 16, 2016

1) Argon is stored in a reservoir at 300 K. Determine the stagnation enthalpy and the velocity of sound in
it. Given that molecular weight of Argon is 39.94 and γ is 1.658.

Answer : (c) a0 = 321.77 m/s; h0 = 157.35 kJ/kg K

r
R̄
a0 = γ T0 = 321.77 m/s
M.M.

γR
h0 = C p T 0 = T0 = 157.35 kJ/kgK
γ−1

2) An air stream at P = 1 bar, T = 400 K and v = 400 m/s is brought to rest isentropically. Determine the
stagnation pressure and temperature. Assume Cp = 1005 J/kg K and γ for air is 1.4.

Answer : (f ) P0 = 1.88 bar; T0 = 479.6 K

Given : P = 1 bar; T = 400 K; v = 400 m/s; air stream is brought to rest isentropically

To find : P0 , T0

v2
T0 = T + = 479.6 K
2Cp
  γ−1γ
P0 T0
= = 1.88 bar
P T

3) The pressure, temperature and Mach number at the entry of a flow passage are 2.45 bar, 26.5 and ‰
1.4 respectively. If the exit Mach number is 2.5, determine the velocity of the gas at the exit if the flow is
adiabatic. (Use γ = 1.3 and R = 0.469 kJ/kg K)

Answer : (h) v2 = 873 m/s

1
Given : P1 = 2.45 bar; T1 = 26.5 ‰; M1 = 1.4; M2 = 2.5; γ = 1.3; R = 0.469 kJ/kg K
To find : v2

Find T01 from,  

T01 γ−1
= 1+ M1 2
T1 2
⇒ T01 = 387.553 K
Since flow is adiabatic, T01 = T02 = 387.553 K
Find T2 from,  
T02 γ−1
= 1+ M2 2
T2 2
⇒ T2 = 200.02 K
p
∴ v2 = M2 γRT2 = 873 m/s

4) Air at pressure 3x105 N/m2 and temperature 500 K flows with a velocity of 200 m/s in a 30 cm diameter
duct. Calculate the mass flow rate and the Mach number. (Use γ = 1.38 and Cp = 1.05 kJ/kg K).

Answer : (i) ṁ = 29 kg/s; M = 0.447

Given : P1 = 3x105 N/m2 ; T1 = 500 K; v1 = 200 m/s; D = 30 cm

To find : ṁ, M

(γ − 1)Cp
R= = 289.13 J/kgK
γ

P
ṁ = ρAv = Av = 29 kg/s
RT

v v
M= = √ = 0.447
a γRT

5) A diatomic gas is kept at a temperature of 400 K. The gas constant for the gas is 259.8. Find the velocity
of sound in this gas.

Answer : (l) a = 381.43 m/s

Given : T = 400 K; R = 259.8 J/kg K; diatomic gas ⇒ γ = 1.4

To find : a

p
a = γRT = 381.43 m/s

6) A flow is accelerated adiabatically from 60 m/s at section 1 to 500 m/s at section 2. The static tempera-
ture and static pressure at section 1 are 366 K and 2.4 bar respectively. The static pressure at section 2 is
0.5 bar. The stagnation pressure at section 2 is,

2
Answer : (m) P02 = 2.12 bar

Given : v1 = 60 m/s; v2 = 500 m/s; T1 = 366 K; P1 = 2.4 bar; P2 = 0.5 bar

To find : P02

Find T01 from,  

T01 γ−1
= 1+ M1 2
T1 2
⇒ T01 = 377.45 K
Since flow is adiabatic, T01 = T02 = 377.45 K
Find T2 from,
v2 2
T2 = T02 − = 253.075 K
2Cp
 γ
 γ−1
P02 T02
=
P2 T2
⇒ P02 = 2.12 bar

7) A duct is connected to a reservoir where air is kept at 300,000 Pa and 500 K. When the valve is opened
an isentropic flow starts in the duct. At a section where area of the duct is 0.2 m2 , the flow velocity is 550
m/s. What is the mass flow rate?

Answer : (p) ṁ = 94 kg/s

Given : P0 = 300000 Pa; T0 = 500 K; A = 0.2 m2 ; v = 550 m/s

To find : ṁ

Find T from,
v2
T = T0 − = 349.5 K
2Cp
Find P from,
 γ
 γ−1
P0 T0
=
P T
⇒ P = 85662.62 P a

Mass flow rate,

P
ṁ = ρAv = Av = 94 kg/s
RT

8) Air flows in a duct of diameter 0.04 m. At one section stagnation temperature is 200 degree Celsius, static
pressure is 120,000 Pa and mass flow rate 0.5 kg/s. What is the flow velocity at this section?

Answer : (r) v = 381 m/s

Given : D = 0.04 m; T0 = 200 ‰= 473 K; P = 120000 Pa; ṁ = 0.5 kg/s

To find : v

3
 v2 v2
T = T0 − = 473 −
2Cp 2 × 1005

P
ṁ = ρAv = Av
RT
120000 π 
⇒ 0.5 =  2
 × × (0.04)2 × v
v 4
287 473 −
2 × 1005
Simplifying,
v 2 + 2111.99 v − 950637.25 = 0

⇒ v ≈ 381 m/s (neglect the negative solution)

9) A plane is flying at a speed of 250 m/s at an altitude where temperature and pressure of air are 242 K
and 0.66 bar respectively. The pressure read by a pitot-tube mounted on the nose of the aircraft is,

Answer : (t) P0 = 1 bar

Given : v = 250 m/s; T = 242K; P = 0.66 bar

To find : P0

v2
Find T0 using, T0 = T + 2Cp = 273.09 K
 γ
 γ−1
P0 T0
Then, =
P T
⇒ P0 = 1 bar

10) An aircraft flies at constant Mach number irrespective of its altitude. At sea-level condition it flies at 45
m/s faster than that at an altitude of 10 km. The Mach number of the aircraft is, (Temperature at sea-level
is 288 K and at 10 km is 216 K).

Answer : (w) M = 1

Given : vsea level = (v10 km + 45) m/s; Tsea level = 288 K; T10 km = 216 K;
M is constant irrespective of altitude

To find : M

dv = M da 
p p
i.e. (vsea level − v10 km ) = M γRTsea level − γRT10 km

(vsea level − v10 km )

⇒ M = √ √

γRTsea level − γRT10 km

M = 0.99 ≈ 1

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