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Lab2 - Data Manipulation Language (DML) Commands

This document discusses various data manipulation language (DML) commands used to manipulate data in a database including INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE commands. It provides the syntax and examples for each command, such as inserting single and multiple records, selecting specific columns, filtering with a WHERE clause, and ordering results. The procedures section walks through examples of using these commands to insert, update, delete, and select records from sample tables.

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Anie Fred Bayag
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98 views

Lab2 - Data Manipulation Language (DML) Commands

This document discusses various data manipulation language (DML) commands used to manipulate data in a database including INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE commands. It provides the syntax and examples for each command, such as inserting single and multiple records, selecting specific columns, filtering with a WHERE clause, and ordering results. The procedures section walks through examples of using these commands to insert, update, delete, and select records from sample tables.

Uploaded by

Anie Fred Bayag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab2 - DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE (DML) COMMANDS

Objectives
To study the various DML commands and implement them on the database.

Background
INSERT COMMAND
Inserting a single row into a table:

Syntax: insert into <table name> values (value list)


Example: insert into s values(„s3‟,‟sup3‟,‟blore‟,10)

Inserting more than one record using a single insert commands:


Syntax: insert into <table name> values (&col1, &col2, ….)
Example: Insert into stud values(&reg, „&name‟, &percentage);

Skipping the fields while inserting:


Insert into <tablename(coln names to which datas to b inserted)> values (list of
values);
Other way is to give null while passing the values.

SELECT COMMANDS
Selects all rows from the table

Syntax: Select * from tablename;


Example; Select * from IT;

The retrieval of specific columns from a table:


It retrieves the specified columns from the table

Syntax: Select column_name1, …..,column_namen from table name;


Example: Select empno, empname from emp;

Elimination of duplicates from the select clause:


It prevents retriving the duplicated values .Distinct keyword is to be used.

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Syntax: Select DISTINCT col1, col2 from table name;
Example: Select DISTINCT job from emp;

Select command with where clause:


To select specific rows from a table we include „where‟ clause in the select command.
It can appear only after the „from‟ clause.

Syntax: Select column_name1, …..,column_namen from table name where condition;


Example: Select empno, empname from emp where sal>4000;

Select command with order by clause:


Syntax: Select column_name1, …..,column_namen from table name where condition
order by colmnname;
Example: Select empno, empname from emp order by empno;

UPDATE COMMAND
Syntax:update tablename set field=values where condition;
Example:Update emp set sal = 10000 where empno=135;

DELETE COMMAND
Syntax: Delete from table where conditions;
Example:delete from emp where empno=135;

PROCEDURE

STEP1: Insert a single record into dept table.


Solution:
1.Decide the data to add in dept.
2.Add to dept one row at a time using the insert into syntax.

SQL> insert into dept values (1,'IT','Tholudur');


1 row created.

STEP2: Update the emp table to set the salary of all employees to Rs15000/- who are
working as ASP

SQL> select * from emp;


EMPNO ENAME JOB DEPTNO SAL

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---------- -------------------- ------------- ---------- ----------
1 Mathi AP 1 10000
2 Arjun ASP 2 12000
3 Gugan ASP 1 12000

SQL> update emp set sal=15000 where job='ASP';


2 rows updated.

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNO ENAME JOB DEPTNO SAL


---------- -------------------- ------------- ---------- ----------
1 Mathi AP 1 10000
2 Arjun ASP 2 15000
3 Gugan ASP 1 15000

STEP3: Delete only those who are working as lecturer

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNO ENAME JOB DEPTNO SAL


---------- -------------------- ------------- ---------- ----------
1 Mathi AP 1 10000
2 Arjun ASP 2 15000
3 Gugan ASP 1 15000
4 Karthik Prof 2 30000
5 Akalya AP 1 10000
6 suresh lect 1 8000
6 rows selected.

SQL> delete from emp where job='lect';


1 row deleted.

SQL> select * from emp;


EMPNO ENAME JOB DEPTNO SAL
---------- -------------------- ------------- ---------- ----------
1 Mathi AP 1 10000
2 Arjun ASP 2 15000

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3 Gugan ASP 1 15000
4 Karthik Prof 2 30000
5 Akalya AP 1 10000

STEP4: List the records in the emp table orderby salary in ascending order. Ans:
SQL> select * from emp order by sal;
EMPNO ENAME JOB DEPTNO SAL
---------- -------------------- ------------- ---------- ----------
1 Mathi AP 1 10000
5 Akalya AP 1 10000
2 Arjun ASP 2 15000
3 Gugan ASP 1 15000
4 Karthik Prof 2 30000

STEP5: List the records in the emp table orderby salary in descending order.
SQL> select * from emp order by sal desc;
EMPNO ENAME JOB DEPTNO SAL
---------- -------------------- ------------- ---------- ----------

STEP6: Display only those employees whose deptno is 30.


Solution:
1. Use SELECT FROM WHERE syntax.

SQL> select * from emp where deptno=1;

EMPNO ENAME JOB DEPTNO SAL


---------- -------------------- ------------- ---------- ----------
1 Mathi AP 1 10000
3 Gugan ASP 1 15000
5 Akalya AP 1 0000

STEP6: Display deptno from the table employee avoiding the duplicated values.
Solution:
1. Use SELECT FROM syntax.
2.Select should include distinct clause for the deptno.

SQL> select distinct deptno from emp;


DEPTNO

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1
2

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS


1. Add the following Employee to the employees table:
Juan Cruz 25 Iloilo
Grace Able 24 Bacolod

2. Add the following Student to the student table.


Jerome BSCompE 4
Rica BSHRM 3

3. Delete all faculty from Marine Department


4. Delete all guest.
5. Update all BSCompE to 2nd year.

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