ASSIGNMENT of G3
1. Give poly-syllabic but mono-morphemic English words.
1) lady /ˈleɪdi / 2 syllables, one morpheme
2) honest /ˈɒnɪst/ 2 syllables, one morpheme
3) april /ˈeɪprəl/ 2 syllables, one morpheme
4) water /ˈwɔːtə/ 2 syllables, one morpheme
5) elephant /ˈelɪfənt/ 3 syllables, one morpheme
6) human /ˈhjuːmən/ 2 syllables, one morpheme
2. Give English words with 2 free morphemes. Identify the morphemes
in each of the words.
1) carport
+ car is a free base, which is a noun
+ port is a free base, which is a noun
2) textbook
+ text is a free base, which is a noun
+ book is a free base, which is a noun
3) friendzone
+ friend is a free base, which is a noun
+ zone is a free base, which is a noun
4) racehorse
+ race is a free base, which is a noun
+ horse is a free base, which is a noun
5) smartphone
+ smart is a free base, which is an adjective
+ phone is a free base, which is a noun
6) headmaster
+ head is a free base, which is an adjective
+ master is free base, which is a noun
3. Give English words with 2 bound morphemes. Identify the morphemes
in each of the words.
1) biology
bio- is a bound base, which is a noun, meaning ‘life or living’
-logy is a derivational class-maintaining suffix meaning ‘science
of’
2) fungicide
fungi- /ˈfʌŋɡɪ-/ is a derivational class-maintaining prefix meaning
‘fungus’, an allomorph of {fungus}/ˈfʌŋɡəs/, which is a noun
-cide is a bound base, which is a noun, meaning ‘killing’
3) geology
geo- is a bound base, which is a noun, meaning ‘earth’
-logy is a derivational class-maintaining suffix meaning ‘science
of’
4) automatic
auto- is a derivational prefix, which is an adverb, meaning ‘self’
-matic is a bound base, which is an adjective, meaning ‘willing
to (perform)’
5) subvene
sub- is a derivational prefix, which is an adverb, meaning ‘under
up towards’
-vene is a bound base, which is a verb, meaning ‘come’
6) abduct
ab- derivational prefix, which is an adverb, meaning ‘away’
-duct is a bound base, which is a verb, meaning ‘to lead’
4. Give words with at least 4 morphemes including various prefixes and
suffixes, derivational and inflectional, class-maintaining and class-
changing morphemes.
1) devitalized /di:ˈvaɪtəlaɪzd/
2) impersonalizing /ɪmˈp+sənlaɪzɪ7/
3) reincarnated / ˌriːɪnkɑːˈneɪtɪd/
4) invalidated /ɪnˈvælɪdeɪtɪd/
5) immortalities /ˌɪmɔːˈtælətiz/
6) dissimilations /ˌdɪsɪmɪˈleɪʃənz/
5. Identify all possible morphemes and allomorphs in each of the words
in task 4. Identify the meaning of each of the bound morphemes. Then,
give the IC cuts of each of the words.
1) de- vital -ize -ed
de- /di:/ is a derivational class-maintaining prefix meaning ‘do the
opposite of’
vital is a free base, which is an adjective
-ize /- a1z/ is a derivational class-changing verb-forming suffix
meaning ‘act or treat with the qualities of’
-ed /-d/ is a phonologically conditioned additive allomorph of the
inflectional verb past simple morpheme {-D1} or the inflectional
verb past participle morpheme {-D2}. The allomorph /-d/ occurs
after voiced sounds other than /d/.
de- + VERB = another verb meaning ‘do the opposite of + VERB’
de- + vitalize = another verb meaning ‘do the opposite of + vitalize’
2) im- person -al -iz -ing
im- /ɪm-/ is a derivational-class maintaining prefix meaning ‘not’
person is a free base, which is a noun
-al /-l/ is a derivational class-changing adjective-forming meaning
‘concerning’ or ‘of’
-iz /- a1z/ is the allomorph which can only occurs before {-ing1} of the
derivational class-changing verb-forming meaning ‘make
(something) become’ or ‘make like’
-ing /-ɪŋ/ is an inflectional verb present participle morpheme
{-ing1}
im- + ADJECTIVE = another adjective meaning ‘not ADJECTIVE’
im- + PERSONal = another adjective meaning ‘not PERSONal’
ADJECTIVE + -ize = a verb meaning ‘act with the help of’
imPERSONal + -ize = a verb meaning ‘act without the help of PERSON’s
3) re- in- carn- -ate -ed
re- /riː-/ is a derivational class-maintaining prefix meaning ‘again’
in- /ɪn-/ is a derivational class-maintaining prefix meaning ‘in’
carn- /kɑːn-/ is a bound base meaning ‘body or flesh’
-ate /-eɪt/ is a derivation class-changing verb-forming suffix meaning
‘make’
-ed /-ɪd/ is a phonologically conditioned additive allomorph of the
inflectional verb past simple morpheme {-D1} or the inflectional
verb past participle morpheme {-D2}. The allomorph /-ɪd/ occurs
after the alveolar oral stop /t/ or /d/
re- + VERB = another verb meaning ‘VERB again’
re- + inCARNATE = another verb meaning ‘ inCARNATE again’
4) in- valid -ate -ed
in- /ɪn-/ is a derivational class-maintaining prefix meaning ‘not’
valid is a free base, which is an adjective
-ate /-eɪt/ is a derivation class-changing verb-forming suffix meaning
‘cause to become’
-ed /-ɪd/ is a phonologically conditioned additive allomorph of the
inflectional verb past simple morpheme {-D1} or the inflectional
verb past participle morpheme {-D2} The allomorph /-ɪd/ occurs
after the alveolar oral stop /t/ or /d/
5) im- mort- -al -iti -es
im- /ɪm-/ is a derivational class-maintaining prefix meaning ‘not’
mort- /mɔː-/ is a bound base meaning ‘death’
-al /-l/ is a derivational class-changing adjective-forming meaning
‘concerning’ or ‘of’
-iti /-əti/ is the allomorph which can only occurs before {-es} of the
derivational class-changing noun-forming suffix {-ity} meaning ‘state
of’
-es /-z/ is a phonologically conditioned additive allomorph of the
inflectional noun plural morpheme {S1}
6) dis- simil- -ation -s
dis- /dɪ:s-/ is a derivational class-maintaining prefix meaning ‘do the
opposite of’
simil- /ˈsɪmɪl-/ is a bound base meaning ‘similar’, an allomorph of
{similar}/ˈsɪmɪlə/, which is an adjective
-ation /-ˈeɪʃən/ is a derivational class-changing noun-forming suffix
meaning ‘action of’
-s /-z/ is a phonologically conditioned additive allomorph of the
inflectional noun plural morpheme {S1}, which occurs after all
vowels and voiced consonants (except /z/, /ʒ/ and /dʒ/)
6. Give the morphemic structure of each of the following words.
Identify the allomorphs of the inflectional suffix in each word.
a. hit hits /hɪts/ = /hɪt/ + /-s/
/-s/ is a phonologically conditioned additive allomorph of the inflectional
verb third person singular present tense morpheme {-S3}, which occurs
after the voiceless consonants /p/, /t/, /p/, /k/, /f/ and /θ/
b. shelf shelves /ʃelvz/ = /ʃelf → ʃelv-/ + /-z/
/-z/ is a phonologically conditioned additive allomorph of the
inflectional noun plural morpheme {-S1}, which occurs after all
vowels and voiced consonants (except /z/, /ʒ/ and /dʒ/)
It is added to a stem which has changed in form from /ʃelf/ → /ʃelv-/
c. sing sang /sæŋ/ = /sɪŋ/ + /ɪ → æ/
/ɪ → æ/ is a morphologically conditioned replacive allomorph of the
inflectional verb past simple morpheme {-D1}
d. sink sunk /sʌŋk/ = /sɪŋk/ + /ɪ → ʌ/
/ɪ → ʌ/ is a morphologically conditioned replacive allomorph of the
inflectional verb past participle morpheme {-D2}
e. wear worn /wɔːn/ = /weə/ + /eə → ɔː/ + /-n/
/-n/ is a morphologically conditioned additive allomorph of the
inflectional verb past participle morpheme {-D2}
It is added to a stem which has changed in form from /weə/ → /wɔː/
f. act acted /ˈæktɪd/ = /ækt/ + /-ɪd/
/-ɪd/ is a phonologically conditioned additive allomorph of the
inflectional verb past simple morpheme {-D1} or the inflectional
verb past participle morpheme {-D2}, which occurs after the
alveolar oral stop /t/ or /d/
g. cut cut /kʌt/ = /kʌt/ + /∅/
/∅/ is a morphologically conditioned zero allomorph of the
inflectional verb past simple morpheme {-D1} or the inflectional
verb past participle morpheme {-D2}
h. bleed bled /bled/ = /bliːd/ + /iː → e/
/iː → e/ is a morphologically conditioned replacive allomorph of the
inflectional verb past simple morpheme {-D1} or the inflectional
verb past participle morpheme {-D2}
i. think thought /θɔːt/ = /θɪŋk/ + /ɪ → ɔː/ and /ŋk → t/
/ɪ → ɔː/ and /ŋk → t/ are morphologically conditioned replacive
allomorphs of the inflectional verb past simple morpheme {-D1}
or the inflectional verb past participle morpheme {-D2}
j. person people /ˈpiːpl/ = /ˈpɜːsn/ + the morphologically
conditioned suppletive allomorphs of the inflectional noun plural
morpheme {-S1}
