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Q1 Mathematics 10 Module 5

Polynomial functions are functions of the form P(x) = a0xn + a1xn-1 + ... + an, where a0 is the leading term. The remainder theorem states that if a polynomial P(x) is divided by (x - a), the remainder is P(a). This allows evaluating P(x) for a given value of x without performing the full division. The factor theorem states that if P(a) = 0, then (x - a) is a factor of P(x). Examples demonstrate evaluating polynomials for given values using the remainder theorem and finding factors using the factor theorem.

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108 views2 pages

Q1 Mathematics 10 Module 5

Polynomial functions are functions of the form P(x) = a0xn + a1xn-1 + ... + an, where a0 is the leading term. The remainder theorem states that if a polynomial P(x) is divided by (x - a), the remainder is P(a). This allows evaluating P(x) for a given value of x without performing the full division. The factor theorem states that if P(a) = 0, then (x - a) is a factor of P(x). Examples demonstrate evaluating polynomials for given values using the remainder theorem and finding factors using the factor theorem.

Uploaded by

Robert Clavo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Polynomial Functions

The concept of function has been introduced in a previous course in algebra. Consider the simplest of
functions
Ax+ By+C=0
GATEWAY INTEGRATED SCHOOL Solving for y we have
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GEN. TRIAS CAMPUS Ax+C Ax C
Sitio Tinungan Brgy. Manggahan Gen. Trias City Cavite
y= = +
B B B
Hence in the equation 15 x−5 y=20
−5 y=−15 x +20
Senior High School Department −5 y −15 x 20
= +
−5 −5 −5
y=3 x−4
Module 5 We describe y as a function of x. In symbols, this is written as y = f(x) Functions that are distinct are

MATHEMATICS 10 represented by different letters. For instance


f(x) = 3x – 5, g(x) = 10x + 7

A polynomial function in x is of the form


P ( x ) =a0 x n+ a1 x n−1 +a2 x n−2+ …+an where the leading term is a 0 x n.

As a function, the value of P(x) can be found for certain values of x.


Prepared by: 1. f(x) = 3x – 5
f(2) = 3(2) – 5 = 6 – 5 = 1
MR. JHON ROBERT S. CLAVO 2. g(x) = 10x + 7
Subject Teacher g(3) = 10(3) + 7 = 30 + 7 = 37

Remember Synthetic Division

__________________________________________________________
Name of Student

__________________________________________________________
Grade Level and Section Now, let us take the dividend as P(x) in the example
1. P(x) = x 3+ 2 x 2 +5 x+ 9
P(3) = x 3+ 2 x 2 +5 x+ 9
Date: ________________________ = 33 + 2(32) + 5(3) + 9
=27+ 18 + 15 + 9 = 69

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Apply the remainder theorem
The Remainder Theorem 2 x 3 – 28 x 2+ 94 x – 36 divide by x−9
If P ( x ) =a0 x n+ a1 x n−1 +a2 x n−2+ …+an is divided by x – a, the remainder is the value of P(a). In P ( 9 )=2 ( 9 ) 3 – 28 ( 9 ) 2+94 (9) – 36
symbols P(a) = R P ( 9 )=2 ( 729 ) – 28 ( 81 ) +846 – 36
P ( 9 )=1458 – 2268+ 846 – 36
Proof: P ( 9 )=0
if P(x) is divided by x – a, there is quotient q(x) and a remainder R. we write this as:
P( x )=(x – a)q( x)+ R Student’s Activity
Taking P(a) means substituting a for x I. Evaluate P(x) for the given value of x
P(a)=(a – a)q(x)+ R , where R is constant. 1. P( x )=2 x 3+3 x 2 – x +4 ; P(−3)
P(a)=(0)q(x )+ R 2. P( x )=72 x 2+284 x – 160 ; P(−2)
P(a)=R −3
3. P( x )=8 x 3 – 5 x +6 ; P( )
2
Application of Theorem 4. P( x )=x 4+5 x 3 – 3 x 2+10 ; P (−5)
Without actually dividing, find the remainder when
5. P( x )=x 6 – 2 x 5+ x 4 – x 2+ 2 x – 1 ; P (6)
x 3 – 3 x 2+4 x – 4 divide by x−3
P(3)=x 3 – 3 x 2+ 4 x – 4
II. Without actually dividing, find the value of remainder when:
P ( 3 )=3 3 – 3 ( 3 ) 2+4 ( 3 ) – 4 3
P ( 3 )=27−27+12−4 1. 2 x 3+ x 2 – 46 x +24 is divided by x−
2
P(3)=8 2. x 3+ 2 x 3+5 x 2+34 x – 29 is divided by x+ 4
3. x 2+3 x – 4 is divided by x+2
Without actually dividing, find the remainder when
2 x 3 – 28 x 2+ 94 x – 36 divide by x−1
P ( 1 )=2 ( 1 ) 3 – 28 ( 1 ) 2+ 94( 1) – 36
P ( 1 )=2 ( 1 ) – 28 ( 1 ) +94 – 36
P ( 1 )=2 – 28+94 – 36
P ( 1 )=32

Factor Theorem
If P ( x ) =a0 x n+ a1 x n−1 +…+ an is divided by x – c, and the remainder 0, then (x-c) is a factor of P(x).
In symbols if P ( x ) =( x−c ) q ( x ) , where q ( x ) is the quotient.

Apply the remainder theorem


x 3 – 3 x 2+4 x – 4 divide by x−2
P(2)=x 3 – 3 x 2+4 x – 4
P ( 2 )=2 3 – 3 ( 2 ) 2+ 4 ( 2 ) – 4
P ( 2 )=8−12+8−4
P(2)=0

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