1.

Question 1
The R language is a dialect of which of the following programming languages?

1 / 1 point

Java

Haskell

Correct
R is a dialect of the S language which was developed at Bell Labs.

2.
Question 2
The definition of free software consists of four freedoms (freedoms 0 through 3). Which of the
following is NOT one of the freedoms that are part of the definition? Select all that apply.

1 / 1 point

The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs.

The freedom to restrict access to the source code for the software.

Correct
This is not part of the free software definition. Freedoms 1 and 3 require access to the source code.

The freedom to sell the software for any price.

Correct
This is not part of the free software definition. The free software definition does not mention anything
about selling software (although it does not disallow it).

The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor.

The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the
whole community benefits.

The freedom to prevent users from using the software for undesirable purposes.

Correct
This is not part of the free software definition. Freedom 0 requires that the users of free software be
free to use the software for any purpose.

3.
Question 3
In R the following are all atomic data types EXCEPT: (Select all that apply)

1 / 1 point

character

complex

matrix

Correct
'matrix' is not an atomic data type in R.

integer

array

Correct
'array' is not an atomic data type in R.

logical
list

Correct
'list' is not an atomic data type in R.

table

Correct
'table' is not an atomic data type in R.

data frame

Correct
'data frame' is not an atomic data type in R.

numeric

4.
Question 4
If I execute the expression x <- 4 in R, what is the class of the object `x' as determined by the
`class()' function?

1 / 1 point

numeric

complex

vector

real

list
integer

Matrix

Correct
5.
Question 5
What is the class of the object defined by the expression x <- c(4, "a", TRUE)?

1 / 1 point

integer

numeric

logical

mixed

character

Correct
The character class is the "lowest common denominator" here and so all elements will be coerced
into that class.

What is the class of the object defined by x <- c(4, TRUE)?

integer

numeric

logical

matrix

character

list

6.
Question 6
If I have two vectors x <- c(1,3, 5) and y <- c(3, 2, 10), what is produced by the expression cbind(x,
y)?

1 / 1 point

a vector of length 3

a 2 by 2 matrix

a 2 by 3 matrix

a matrix with 2 columns and 3 rows

a vector of length 2
a 3 by 3 matrix

Correct
The 'cbind' function treats vectors as if they were columns of a matrix. It then takes those vectors
and binds them together column-wise to create a matrix.

7.
Question 7
A key property of vectors in R is that

1 / 1 point

elements of a vector can be of different classes

elements of a vector can only be character or numeric

a vector cannot have have attributes like dimensions

elements of a vector all must be of the same class

the length of a vector must be less than 32,768

Correct
8.
Question 8
Suppose I have a list defined as x <- list(2, "a", "b", TRUE). What does x[[1]] give me? Select all that
apply.

0 / 1 point

a numeric vector of length 1.

Correct

a list containing the letter "a".

a numeric vector containing the element 2.

This should not be selected

a list containing the number 2.

Question 8
Suppose I have a list defined as x <- list(2, "a", "b", TRUE). What does x[[2]] give me? Select all that
apply.

1 / 1 point

a character vector containing the letter "a".

Correct

a character vector of length 1.

Correct

a list containing character vector with the letter "a".

a list containing the number 2 and the letter "a".

a character vector with the elements "a" and "b".

9.
Question 9
Suppose I have a vector x <- 1:4 and y <- 2:3. What is produced by the expression x + y?

0 / 1 point

an error.

an integer vector with the values 3, 5, 5, 7.

an integer vector with the values 3, 5, 3, 4.

an numeric vector with the values 3, 5, 5, 7. MALI ITU

a numeric vector with the values 3, 5, 3, 4.

a numeric vector with the values 1, 2, 5, 7.

9.
Question 9
Suppose I have a vector x <- 1:4 and a vector y <- 2. What is produced by the expression x + y?

1 / 1 point

a numeric vector with elements 3, 2, 3, 4.

a numeric vector with elements 3, 2, 3, 6.

a numeric vector with elements 3, 4, 5, 6.

an integer vector with elements 3, 2, 3, 6.

a numeric vector with elements 1, 2, 3, 6.

an integer vector with elements 3, 2, 3, 4.

Correct
10.
Question 10
Suppose I have a vector x <- c(17, 14, 4, 5, 13, 12, 10) and I want to set all elements of this vector
that are greater than 10 to be equal to 4. What R code achieves this? Select all that apply.

1 / 1 point
x[x > 10] <- 4

Correct
You can create a logical vector with the expression x > 10 and then use the [ operator to subset the
original vector x.

x[x == 4] > 10

x[x > 4] <- 10

x[x == 10] <- 4

x[x >= 11] <- 4

Correct
You can create a logical vector with the expression x >= 11 and then use the [ operator to subset the
original vector x.

x[x >= 10] <- 4

x[x > 10] == 4

x[x < 10] <- 4

11.

Incorrect
10.
Question 10
Suppose I have a vector x <- c(17, 14, 4, 5, 13, 12, 10) and I want to set all elements of this vector
that are greater than 10 to be equal to 4. What R code achieves this? Select all that apply.

1 / 1 point

x[x == 10] <- 4

Correct
You can create a logical vector with the expression x >= 11 and then use the [ operator to subset the
original vector x.

x[x >= 10] <- 4

x[x == 4] > 10

x[x > 10] <- 4

Correct
You can create a logical vector with the expression x > 10 and then use the [ operator to subset the
original vector x.

x[x > 4] <- 10

x[x < 10] <- 4

x[x > 10] == 4

Suppose I have a vector x <- c(3, 5, 1, 10, 12, 6) and I want to set all elements of this vector that are
less than 6 to be equal to zero. What R code achieves this? Select all that apply.

0 / 1 point

x[x == 0] < 6

x[x < 6] <- 0

Correct
You can create a logical vector with the expression x < 6 and then use the [ operator to subset the
original vector x.
x[x < 6] == 0

x[x != 6] <- 0

x[x >= 6] <- 0

x[x <= 5] <- 0

x[x > 6] <- 0

x[x == 0] <- 6

x[x == 6] <- 0

x[x %in% 1:5] <- 0

x[x > 0] <- 6

You didn’t select all the correct answers

In the dataset provided for this Quiz, what are the column names of the dataset?

1 / 1 point

Ozone, Solar.R, Wind

Ozone, Solar.R, Wind, Temp, Month, Day

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Month, Day, Temp, Wind

Correct
You can get the column names of a data frame with the `names()' function.

12.
Question 12
Extract the first 2 rows of the data frame and print them to the console. What does the output look
like?

1 / 1 point

2     35     274 10.3   82     7  17

 Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day

1      7      NA  6.9   74     5  11

  Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day

1      9      24 10.9   71     9  14
2     18     131  8.0   76     9  29

  Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day

1     18     224 13.8   67     9  17

2     NA     258  9.7   81     7  22

  Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day

1     41     190  7.4   67     5   1

2     36     118  8.0   72     5   2
 ITO YUNG DAY 1,2 TAMA

Correct
You can extract the first two rows using the [ operator and an integer sequence to index the rows.

13.
Question 13
How many observations (i.e. rows) are in this data frame?

1 / 1 point

45

160

129

153

Correct
You can use the `nrows()' function to compute the number of rows in a data frame.

14.
Question 14
Extract the last 2 rows of the data frame and print them to the console. What does the output look
like?

1 / 1 point

3
    Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day

152     11      44  9.7   62     5  20

153    108     223  8.0   85     7  25

153     13      27 10.3   76     9  18

    Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day

152     34     307 12.0   66     5  17

    Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day

152     31     244 10.9   78     8  19
153     29     127  9.7   82     6   7

    Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day

152     18     131  8.0   76     9  29

153     20     223 11.5   68     9  30

29 30 yung day hehe

Correct
The `tail()' function is an easy way to extract the last few elements of an R object.

15.
Question 15
What is the value of Ozone in the 47th row?

1 / 1 point

34

21
18

63

Correct
The single bracket [ operator can be used to extract individual rows of a data frame.

16.
Question 16
How many missing values are in the Ozone column of this data frame?

1 / 1 point

37

43

78

Correct
The `is.na' function can be used to test for missing values.

17.
Question 17
What is the mean of the Ozone column in this dataset? Exclude missing values (coded as NA) from
this calculation.

1 / 1 point

42.1

53.2

31.5
18.0

Correct
The `mean' function can be used to calculate the mean.

18.
Question 18
Extract the subset of rows of the data frame where Ozone values are above 31 and Temp values are
above 90. What is the mean of Solar.R in this subset?

1 / 1 point

185.9

212.8

205.0

334.0

Correct
You need to construct a logical vector in R to match the question's requirements. Then use that
logical vector to subset the data frame.

19.
Question 19
What is the mean of "Temp" when "Month" is equal to 6?

1 / 1 point

85.6

75.3

79.1
90.2

Correct
20.
Question 20
What was the maximum ozone value in the month of May (i.e. Month is equal to 5)?

1 / 1 point

97

18

100

115

Correct