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PIO - Fridayanti - 01. Pengantar (Aamodt)

The document discusses the field of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology. I/O psychology applies psychological principles to the workplace to increase employee productivity and well-being. It examines how factors like workplace design, human factors, and human-machine interaction affect workers. I/O psychology aims to enhance performance and dignity at both the individual and organizational level. It consists of three main subfields: personnel, organizational, and human factors psychology. I/O psychology has its origins in the early 1900s and made an impact during World War I through military testing and placement. The influential Hawthorne studies from the 1930s demonstrated how social and interpersonal factors impact worker behavior.

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64 views20 pages

PIO - Fridayanti - 01. Pengantar (Aamodt)

The document discusses the field of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology. I/O psychology applies psychological principles to the workplace to increase employee productivity and well-being. It examines how factors like workplace design, human factors, and human-machine interaction affect workers. I/O psychology aims to enhance performance and dignity at both the individual and organizational level. It consists of three main subfields: personnel, organizational, and human factors psychology. I/O psychology has its origins in the early 1900s and made an impact during World War I through military testing and placement. The influential Hawthorne studies from the 1930s demonstrated how social and interpersonal factors impact worker behavior.

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Pengisi Dompet
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The Field of I/O Psychology

The Field of Industrial Psychology / Organizational Behavior

 DEFINITION:
 “Industrial / Organizational psychology is a branch of psychology
that applies the principles of
psychology to the workplace”.

 “Organizational Behavior is the study of


individuals and their behavior with the
contest of the organization in workplace setting”.
The Field of Industrial Psychology / Organizational Behavior

 The goal of I/O psychology is “to increase the


productivity and well-being of employees”.
The Field of Industrial Psychology / Organizational Behavior

 The purpose of I/O psychology is “to enhance the dignity and


performance of human beings, and the organizations they work
in, by advancing the science and knowledge of human
behavior” (Rucci, 2008)
The Field of Industrial Psychology / Organizational Behavior

 I/O psychology examines factors that affect the


people in an organization.
The Field of Industrial Psychology / Organizational Behavior

Work 8 hours
Commute to work 1 hour
Watch TV 3 hours
Sleep 8 hours
Prepare and eat meals 2 hours
Other 2 hours

With the possible exception of sleeping, people spend more time


at their jobs at any other activity in life (and sometimes these two
activities overlap!)
The Field of Industrial Psychology / Organizational Behavior

 If a person is unhappy at work for 8 hours a day,


the residual effects of this unhappiness will affect
the quality of that person´s family and leisure life
as well.
I NTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY /
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

Major Fields of I/O Psychology


Major Fields of Industrial Psychology / Organizational Behavior

 The industrial approach (the “I” in I/O


Psychology) focuses on determining the
competencies needed to perform a job,
staffing the organization with employees
who have those competences, and
increasing those competences through
training.
Major Fields of Industrial Psychology / Organizational Behavior

 The organizational approach (the “O” inI/O


Psychology) creates an organizational
structure and culture that will motivate
employees to perform well, give them the
necessary information to do their jobs, and
provide working conditions that are safe
result in an enjoyable and satisfying work
environment.
Major Fields of Industrial Psychology / Organizational Behavior

 The field of I/O Psychology consists of three major subfields:


 Personnel Psychology

 Organizational Psychology / Behavior


 Human factors
 Industrial psychologists work in a variety of settings including
industry, government, education, and consulting firms.
Major Fields of I/O Psychology
Major Fields of I/O Psychology
Major Fields of I/O Psychology

Workplace
design

Physical Human Human-


fatigue and Factors / machine
stress Ergonomics interaction

Ergonomics
I NTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY /
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

Brief History of I/O Psychology


Brief History of I/O Psychology

 I/O Psychology was born in the early 1900s.


 The term “industrial psychology” was seldom used prior to World War
I. Instead, the common terms for the field were:
 “economic psychology”
 “business psychology”

 “employment psychology”

 Division 14 of the APA began in 1945 with 130 members and now has
nearly 6,000 members.
Brief History of I/O Psychology

 I/O Psychology made its first big impact during de World War I.
 I/O psychologist were employed to test recruits and then
place them in appropriate positions.
Brief History of I/O Psychology

 The Hawthorne studies (1939), conducted at the Hawthorne plant


of the Western Electric Company in Chicago area.
 Demonstrated that employee behavior was complex and that
the interpersonal interactions between managers and
employees played a tremendous role in employee behavior.
Born The Hawthorne studies

1900s 1945 1939

Division 14 of the APA began Lorem


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