GE-RIPH Readings in Philippine History

LESSON 2
Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary
Sources in Philippine History

This lesson invites students to apply the skills they

learned from previous lesson through analysis of
selected primary sources in

What I What I WANT to

Know . . . What I have
Know . . . LEARNED. .

Philippine History. Since this subject requires intensive reading, students are therefore
given required readings for each topic under this lesson. But before that, let us first be
familiarized
INITIALof these sources by reading the provided short background of each topics.
ACTIVITY:
KWL Chart
Instruction: Complete the KWL Chart below. Fill the columns with: What
You KNOWabout the topic; What You WANT
22 to Know; and at What you have
LEARNED(at the end of this Lesson
).
 Are you ready? Let’s start!

First Voyage Around the World by Antonio Pigaffeta

This book was taken from the narrative of contemporary voyagers and
navigators of the sixteenth century specifically the period
1519-1522. One of them was the Italian nobleman Antonio
Pigafetta, who accompanied Fernão de Magalhães
(Ferdinand Magellan) in his fateful

circumnavigation of the world (Candelaria and Alporha,

2018) .
Pigafetta, after returning to Spain in 1522, composed

Milan, and three others in French are located at other Photo retrieved from:
https://www.goodreads.com
repositories such as the Yale University (McCarl, 2014).
an account, a travelogue containing a cartographic and
ethnographic record, that is understood to have existed first as a summary or summaries —
unknown today — and later as a fuller version he sought to publish in 1524, apparently
without doing so. Four known manuscripts document the latter, or some version of it.
One is in Italian at the Ambrosiana Library,

As a primary source, the account has earned its reputation among modern
historiographers and scholars which became major contributor to the creation of a
number of different editions. Today, it has become one of the reliable sources of
information in the course of understanding the Filipinos’ cultural roots and heritage that
trace back to pre -colonization.

PLEASE READ ME!!

▪ Pigaffeta, A.(2007). The First Voyage around the World 1519–1522: An
Account of Magellan's Expedition. Ed. Theodore J. Cachey Jr . Toronto:
University of Toronto Press.
▪ Candelaria, J.L., and Alporha, V. (2018). Readings in Philippine History.
STUDYRex Book Store, Manila, Philippines.
GUIDE
After reading the selected pages of First Voyage Around the World by Antonio
Pigaffeta, you are to answer the following questions:

1. What is the objective of Magellan expedition?

2. How did Magellan described the Philippine archipelago?
3. What is the impact of Magellan expedition to our history?

Through reading the First Voyage Around the World by Pigaffeta, you have
learned how the Spaniards came to the Philippines. This is said to be the start of

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our history of struggle due to foreign occupation. Nevertheless, the struggles and
hardships experienced by our ancestors only showed the bravery and patriotism
of the Filipinos, this is evident especially during the revolution which started by the
Katipunan, an organization that aimed to liberate our country.
The next primary source will share to you the teachings of the said organization.
These teachings became the ideals pursued by the Katipuneros in honing them to
become men of honor in words and in action.

Are you excited to know these teachings? Then, let’s start!

Kartilya ng Katipunan by Emilio Jacinto

Sometime in 1896, Andres Bonifacio, the father of the
Philippine Revolution, and once the President of the Supreme
Council of the Katipunan, established a list of duties and
responsibilities to be followed strictly by every member of the
organization. This became known as the Decalogue.

Later, Bonifacio found out about Jacinto’s Kartilya and

adopted it instead as the official teachings of the
Katipunan probably due to his recognition of the latter’s
brilliance in literary. Similar to the Decalogue, the Kartilya was
written to introduce new recruits to the principles and values that
Katipunan organization upholds (Candelaria and

Alporha, 2018).

The earliest reference to the Kartilya is in the minutes of a Supreme Assembly

meeting held in December 1895. The
authorship of the Kartilya has always been credited to Emilio Photo retrieved from:
Jacinto. This claim dates back to the unchallenged account of https://www.geni.com
Isabelo de los Reyes whose sources included several senior KKK
veterans (Cristobal, 1997).

The Kartilya document itself is claimed to be the best primary source there is in reference
to the Katipunan organization.

PLEASE READ ME!!

▪ Emilio Jacinto’s Kartilla ng Katipunan,
▪ Candelaria, J.L., and Alporha, V. (2018). Readings in Philippine History.
Rex Book Store, Manila, Philippines. (supplemental reading)

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 STUDY GUIDE
After reading the Kartilya ng Katipunan by Emilio Jacinto, you are to answer the
following:

1. Select one teaching in the Kartilya and explain the importance of embodying its ideals.
2. Are the teachings in the Kartilya still relevant in today’s time? Why?

Truly, Katipuneros rise up to fight our freedom! Their sacrifices were embodied in
the next document, the Proclamation of Independence by Ambrosio Rianzares
Bautista. To appreciate more the efforts made by our heroes, let us read the said
proclamation. 1-2-3 go!

Proclamation of Independence by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista

Every year, the Philippines commemorates its
anniversary of its Independence proclaimed on June 12,
1898, in the province of Cavite. This event is widely received
as a significant turning point in the history of the country
primarily because it signaled the end of over three centuries
(333 years) of Spanish colonization. However, in contrast to
this popularity, most Filipinos especially teachers and
students, never get the chance to read the details of the
actual
document (Candelaria and Alporha, 2018).

The document was written and prepared by a Filipino

lawyer named Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista. This 21 page
document was originally written in Spanish which indicates
the level of fluency of Filipinos in the use of Spanish Photo retrieved from:
language at the time.

The original title of the document was Acta de la Proclamacion de la Independencia del
Pueblo Filipino. Aside from being the author of the declaration document, Ambrosio
Rianzares was also the one who read and waved the Philippine flag during the declaration
(Viray, 2019).

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 PLEASE READ ME!!
▪ Proclamation of 1898 Philippine Independence full text can be accessed
through https://filipino.biz.ph/history/declaration.html
▪ Candelaria, J.L., and Alporha, V. (2018). Readings in Philippine History.
Rex Book Store, Manila, Philippines. (supplemental reading)

STUDY GUIDE
After reading the Proclamation of Independence by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, you
are to answer the following questions:

1. What is the significance of the proclamation to our history?

2. Does reading the said proclamation make you proud of our heroes? Why?

Although our independence was short-lived because of the colonization of

Americans to our country, it does not invalidate the fact that our heroes are true
heroes of freedom. Moreover, despite that Americans became more
accommodating to the call for equal rights of our ancestors compared to the
Spaniards, there were still discrimination that occurred. Such unfortunate
situations were recorded not in the form of text but through art. The next
document will show to you different caricatures during the American period.
These caricatures are editorial cartoons that became the cry of the Filipinos during
the said period.

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Do you want to gain insights of what had happened during the American period?
Then, prepare yourself in studying the caricatures compiled by Alfred McCoy.

Political Caricatures of the American Era (1900-1941)

Political cartoons and caricature are form of art whose

technique is centered on the exaggeration of human features and
poking fun at its subjects. Such art genre and technique became a
part of the print media as a form of social and political commentary,
which usually targets persons of power and

authority.

Cartoons and caricature became an effective tool of publicizing

opinion through heavy use of symbolism. Their ability to represent
opinion and capture the audience’s imagination is among the
reasons that compelled historians to examine political cartoons and
conduct historical examination
(Candelaria and Alporha, 2018).
Photo retrieved from:
https://history.wisc.edu

PLEASESTUDY
READ ME!!
GUIDE
▪ McCoy, A. W., & Roces, A. R. (1985). Philippine cartoons: Political
After reading studying the political caricatures during American period, you are to
caricature of the American era, 1900-1941. Quezon City, Philippines:
Vera-Reyes. the following questions:
answer
▪ Candelaria, J.L., and Alporha, V. (2018). Readings in Philippine History.
1. Which of the caricature hits you the hardest? What do you think the message behind the said
Rex Book Store, Manila, Philippines. (supplemental reading)
caricature?
2. Do the issues conveyed by these caricatures remained as issues or problems today? Why?

While the caricatures gave you insights of the socio-economic and political
condition of our country during the American period, the next primary source will
brought you to the time when the country is revitalizing from the martial law era
under Marcos dictatorship. The speech of former President Cory C. Aquino will
give you insights of what had occurred not just to his husband, Benigno S. Aquino,
Jr. but to the country as well.

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 To fully understand this, let us watch the clip of her speech which can be accessed
through YouTube. Are you ready? Go!

Revisiting Corazon Aquino’s Speech before

the U.S Congress

After the eventful overthrow of the Marcos Dictatorship in 1986

through EDSA People Power, Cory came out easily as the symbol
of democracy. As the widow of the slain Senator
Benigno “Ninoy’ Aquino Jr., the leader of Marcos oppositionist,

Cory was seen mourning by the public. She was then seen as the
torch bearer of all that her husband fought for. Though without
political experience as she was a plain housewife at the time,
people begun to see her as the symbol of hope and freedom— the sentiment that made
her president. Photo retrieved from:

https://onenews.ph

On September 18, 1986, seven months since she became president, Cory went to the
United States to deliver a speech. Before the joint session of the U.S. Congress and with a
prepared script written by Teddy Locsin Jr, Cory stood and spoke with eloquence and
passion. This historic speech of Cory holds answers to questions related to political
uncertainty and international diplomacy the Philippines had at the time (Candelaria and
Alporha, 2018).

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 PLEASE WATCH & READ!!
▪ The video clip of the speech can be accessed through this YouTube link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZnnvbKyNCQ
▪ Candelaria, J.L., and Alporha, V. (2018). Readings in Philippine History.
Rex Book Store, Manila, Philippines (supplemental reading).

STUDY GUIDE
After watching you are to answer the following questions:

1. How do you feel about the video clip?

2. What is your realization about the martial law era when you watched the speech delivered
by Cory?

Now, we are done through analyzing the selected primary sources in the
Philippine History, to check how well you understand this lesson. You are required
to write a thought paper about your assigned topic (your teacher will distribute
the topics for the class). This is one of the major output for this course, so please do
well!
To guide you inwriting the said paper, please be guided of the following reminders
and format.

DO THIS!
Instruction:
Write a thought paper about your assigned topic. The paper should contain an analysis
of the following:
1. What is the historical value of the primary source (content and context)?
2. WhatGUIDE IN WRITING
is the contribution YOUR
of the primary THOUGHT
source to the history ofPAPER
the Filipino
people (relevance of the primary source to today's time)?

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 Write only a thought paper about your assigned topic.
Reminders:
▪ Your paper must be in paragraph form (no bullet and enumeration done by
▪ numbering).
▪ The thought paper must not less than 500 words.
▪ Cite properly; a paper with 15% or more similarity check will be considered a
plagiarize work and therefore will be given 65% grade.

How to Write the Thought Paper?

1. Introduction. Start your paper with a brief introduction. An introduction contains
information about the author (who produced the primary source?) and historical
background of the document/material (when it was produced? Why the author
wrote the document/produced the material).

Body. (Do not write “BODY” as your title for the analysis, be creative in writing
2. the title of your analysis) This contains your analysis of your assigned topic. The
body should contain the following information:

Analysis of the important historical information found in the document

a. (content analysis). By examining the historical information contained in
your assigned document/material, you should be able to pinpoint its
historical value (saysay/kahalagahan).
Contribution and relevance of the document in understanding the grand
b. narrative of Phil. History. What do you think is the contribution of the
document/material in understanding Phil. History? Is it still relevant
today (present time) in order to understand our history?

3. Conclusion. This sums up all the points/views you laid down throughout the
paper. This also contains your “own” reflection/ learning experience from
examining the document/material.

YOU MADE IT!! To finally end this lesson, please

complete
the KWL Chart by writing what you have
LEARNED.

What I have LEARNED. .

I learned that
__________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________

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REFERENCES:
Candelaria, J.L., and Alporha, V. (2018). Readings in Philippine History. Rex Book
Store, Manila, Philippines.
McCoy, A. W., & Roces, A. R. (1985). Philippine cartoons: Political caricature of the
American era, 1900-1941. Quezon City, Philippines: Vera-Reyes.
Pigaffeta, A.(2007). The First Voyage around the World 1519–1522: An Account of
Magellan's
Expedition. Ed. Theodore J. Cachey Jr . Toronto: University of Toronto Press

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