September 1, 2021

Cuaresma, Bea Daniella E.

COMPUTER
HISTORY, HARDWARE, SOFTWARE,
TROUBLESHOOTING TIPS,
KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS AND ACRONYMS
 September 1, 2021

COMPUTER
I.
> HISTORY <
 September 1, 2021
Graphic Timeline
1 ABACUS

3000 . .
B C September 1, 2021

The ancient Romans developed

an Abacus, the first "machine"
for calculating.
The abacus was invented in
Babylonia in 2400 B.C.
The abacus in the form we are
most familiar with was first
used in China in around 500 B.C.
It is used to perform basic
arithmetic operations.
2 ’
Napier s Bones

1600 September 1, 2021

Invented by John Napier in 1614

His greatest contribution was
the invention of logarithms.
He inscribed logarithmic
measurements on a set of 10
wooden rods and thus was able
to do multiplication and division
by matching up numbers on the
rods. These became known as
Napier’s Bones.
3 Slide Rule

1621 September 1, 2021

Invented by William Oughtred

in 1622.
Using the concept of Napier’s
bones, he inscribed logarithms
on strips of wood and invented
the calculating "machine"
Used primarily for
– multiplication
– division
– roots
– logarithms
– Trigonometry
4 Pascaline

1642 September 1, 2021

Invented by Blaise Pascal in

1642.
It was its limitation to addition
and subtraction.
Pascal’s machine consisted of a
series of gears with 10 teeth
each, representing the numbers
0 to 9. As each gear made one
turn it would trip the next gear
up to make 1/10 of a revolution.
5 Stepped Reckoner
1672 September 1, 2021

Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm

Leibniz in 1672.
It could add and subtract, like
Pascal’s machine, but it could
also multiply and divide
6 Jacquard Loom
1800 September 1, 2021

The Jacquard loom is a

mechanical loom, invented by
Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1881.
Used punched cards (binary
instructions) to automate
weaving loom.
Punched cards were a staple of
early and modern computer
programming.
7 Difference Engine and
September 1, 2021
Analytical Engine

Invented by Charles Babbage in

1822 and 1834
It an automatic, mechanical
calculator designed to tabulate
polynomial functions.
It is the first mechanical
computer.
8 Tabulating Machine
1880 s September 1, 2021

Invented by Herman Hollerith in

1890.
To assist in summarizing
information and accounting.
Used electricity rather than
mechanical gears.
9 Havard Mark 1
1943 September 1, 2021

Also known as IBM Automatic

Sequence Controlled Calculator
(ASCC).
Invented by Howard H. Aiken in
1943
The first electro-mechanical
computer.
10
ENIAC
1946 September 1, 2021

It was designed by J. Prosper

Eckert and John W. Mauchly of
the Moore School of
Engineering at the University of
Pennsylvania.
The first all electronic computer
It was primarily used to
computer aircraft courses, shell
trajectories, and to break codes
during World War II.
11 UNIVAC
1951
1 September 1, 2021

The first practical electronic

computer was built by Eckert
and Mauchly (of ENIAC fame)
and was known as UNIVAC
(UNIVersal Automatic
Computer).
12 The First Portable
September 1, 2021
Computer

Osborne 1 – the first portable

computer.
Released in 1981 by the
Osborne Computer
Corporation.
 September 1, 2021

COMPUTER
II.
> HARDWARE & SOFTWARE <
 September 1, 2021

HARDWARE
Internal Components

Power Supply:
A device located in the back of a
computer's box, providing power
for its work and performance.

Motherboard:
This motherboard is called this
name because it is the piece that
connects different parts of the
computer to each other, and its
task is to coordinate cooperation
between different devices, and the
transfer of data and the delivery of
information to different parts of
the computer.
 September 1, 2021

HARDWARE
Internal Components

Processor:
The processor is the mastermind
that receives all the commands
and works to process them and
gives the results in the form of
different information.
This is a piece of square shape and
lightweight and consists of
millions of transistors grouped
together by a slice of silicon.
 September 1, 2021

HARDWARE
Internal Components

Memory:
There are two types of memory, namely:
temporary memory or also known as
random memory as well as permanent
memory, randm memory is the memory
on which the device depends mainly on
the implementation of various
commands and contribute greatly to
increase the speed of the computer and
the processing of different information.

As for the permanent memory, it retains

the basic information necessary to
maintain the basic system and
programs and cannot be changed.
 September 1, 2021

HARDWARE
External Components

Keyboard:
It is one of the most important
tools used to enter the
information and numbers and
different characters to the
computer to address and get the
results.

Mouse:
It is a tool used to mark or
identify certain information that
appears on the computer screen,
and it needs a person or an
assistant to manage it correctly.
.
 September 1, 2021

HARDWARE
External Components

Microphone:
A device that specializes in
receiving sounds and
inserting them into the
computer in order to modify
or retain them. It also
contributes greatly to the
various voice conversations
on the computer.

Scanner:
A device that helps to insert
various images and graphics
into a computer, converting it
from its graphic nature to
another digital nature.
 September 1, 2021

HARDWARE
External Components

Printer:
Used to output
information, data, such
as numbers, letters, and
images printed on paper.

Disc unit:
Data is entered through
a floppy, digital, and
compact discs.
.
 September 1, 2021

SOFTWARE
System Software

System Software is a set of programs that control and manage the operations
of computer hardware. It also helps application programs to execute
correctly.

System Software is designed to control the operation and extend the

processing functionalities of a computer system. System software makes the
operation of a computer more fast, effective, and secure.

Example: Operating system, programming language, Communication

software, etc.
.
 September 1, 2021

SOFTWARE
System Software

Types of System Software

Operating systems - Operating system software helps you for the effective
utilization of all hardware and software components of a computer system.
Programming language translators - Transforms the instructions prepared
by developers in a programming language into a form that can be interpreted
or compiled and executed by a computer system.
Communication Software - Communication software allows us to transfer
data and programs from one computer system to another.
Utility programs - Utility programs are a set of programs that help users in
system maintenance tasks, and in performing tasks of routine nature.
 September 1, 2021

SOFTWARE
Application Software

Application Software is a program that does real work for the user. It is
mostly created to perform a specific task for a user.

Application Software acts as a mediator between the end-user and System

Software. It is also known as an application package. This type of software is
written using a high-level language like C, Java, VB. Net, etc. It is a user-
specific and is designed to meet the requirements of the user.

You can also install multiple Application Software on a single System

Software. You can store this kind of software on CDs, DVDs, flash derive, or
keychain storage devices. Example: Word-processing, Spreadsheet, Database,
etc.
 September 1, 2021

SOFTWARE
Application Software

Types of Application Software

Word-processing software - It makes use of a computer for creating, modifying,

viewing, storing, retrieving, and printing documents.
Spreadsheet software - Spreadsheet software is a numeric data-analysis tool that
allows you to create a computerized ledger.
Database software:- database software is a collection of related data that is stored
and retrieved according to user demand.
Graphics software - It allows computer systems for creating, editing, drawings,
graphs, etc.
Education software - Education software allows a computer to be used as a learning
and teaching tool.
Entertainment software - This type of app allows a computer to be used as an
entertainment tool.
 Key differences:

System software is designed to manage the resources of the system, like memory and process management,
security, etc. whereas Application software is designed to fulfill the requirements of the user for performing
specific tasks.
The System Software is general-purpose software while the Application Software is specific purpose software.
System Software is written in a low-level language like a machine or assembly language but Application
software is a high-level language is used to write Application Software.
System Software is capable of running independently while Application software can't run independently.
The System Software starts running when the system is powered on and runs until the system is powered off
while the Application Software starts when the user begins, and it ends when the user stops it.
System software is independent of the application software while Application software needs system software
to run.
 September 1, 2021

COMPUTER
III.
> TROUBLESHOOTING TIPS <
STEPS

Action 1 Action 2 Action 3 Action 4

Free up RAM by Shut down and

closing other open Restart the Use the Internet
restart your
programs. software. to find help.
computer.
STEPS

Action 5 Action 6 Action 7 Action 8

Undo any recent Uninstall the

Look for software Scan for viruses
hardware or software, and then
patches. and malware.
software changes. reinstall it.
STEPS

Action 9 Action 10 Action 11

Check for a Boot up in Safe Defragment your

firewall conflict.. Mode. hard drive.
 September 1, 2021

COMPUTER
IV.
> KEYBOARD SHORTCUT <
September 1, 2021
September 1, 2021
September 1, 2021
 September 1, 2021

COMPUTER
V.
> COMPUTER ACRONYMS <
September 1, 2021
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Thank you!