01 - Assignment TX Line Solutions
01 - Assignment TX Line Solutions
1. The inductance and capacitance of a 50-m long coaxial cable are 0.25 μH/m and 50
pF/m respectively, and its frequency of operation is 100 kHz. Calculate the
characteristic impedance and phase constant of the line. If the permeability of the
medium is the same as that of free space, what must be the dielectric constant of the
medium? Determine the delay generated by the transmission line.
Ans:
(a) As frequency is known, wavelength = 296.4m and hence length of line = 0.512λ.
𝑍 −𝑍
𝜌𝑣 = 𝑍𝐿 +𝑍0 = 0.45∠116.6° and 𝛾 = 𝛼 + 𝑗𝛽
𝐿 0
𝑍𝐿 + 𝑍0 tanh 𝛾𝑙
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑍0 = 512.3∠22.94°
𝑍0 + 𝑍𝐿 tanh 𝛾𝑙
[The calculation may be difficult at times and hence an alternative method is to
calculate the complex reflection coefficient as 𝛤 (𝑥 ) = 𝜌𝑣 𝑒 −2𝛾𝑥 , which is varying with
the position along the line. At the source point, 𝑥 = 𝑙, 𝛤(𝑙 ) = 0.2177∠112.16°. Hence,
1+𝛤(𝑙)
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑍0 = 512.3∠22.94°]
1−𝛤(𝑙)
(b) Total voltage = Incident voltage + Reflected voltage = |𝑉0 |(𝑒 𝛾𝑥 + 𝜌𝑣 𝑒 −𝛾𝑥 ) =
|𝑉0 |𝑒 𝛾𝑥 (1 + 𝜌𝑣 𝑒 −2𝛾𝑥 )
Received voltage = total voltage at load = |𝑉0 |(𝑒 𝛾𝑥 + 𝜌𝑣 𝑒 −𝛾𝑥 )|𝑥=0 = |𝑉0 |(1 + 𝜌𝑣 )
𝑅 𝑉
Hence, |𝑉0 | = (1+𝜌 )
= 56.2∠ − 26.6° where |𝑉0 | is the amplitude of the incident
𝑣
voltage at load.
Total voltage at the source = |𝑉0 |𝑒 𝛾𝑙 (1 + 𝜌𝑣 𝑒 −2𝛾𝑙 ) = 75∠167.3°
(c) The voltage is maximum when 𝜃𝜌 − 2𝛽𝑥𝑚 = 0 where 𝜃𝜌 is the angle of reflection
coefficient 𝜌𝑣 . Then 𝑥𝑚 = 47.75 𝑚 and |𝑉̂ |𝑚𝑎𝑥 = |𝑉0 |𝑒 𝛾𝑥𝑚 (1 + 𝜌𝑣 𝑒 −2𝛾𝑥𝑚 ) =
85 𝑉
3. A 70Ω high frequency lossless line is used at a frequency where λ = 80cm with a load
of (140+j91)Ω. Find 𝛤𝑅 , VSWR, distance to the first voltage maximum from the load,
distance to the first voltage min from the load, the impedance at V max, the impedance
at Vmin.
Ans: Follow the steps shown in Q 4 of Smith Chart problem solutions for reference.
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 = 3
𝛤𝑅 = 0.5∠29°
𝑍𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 210 + 𝑗0 𝛺
𝑍𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 23.1 + 𝑗0 𝛺
4. A high frequency 50Ω lossless line is 141.6cm long, with a relative dielectric
constant 𝜀𝑟 = 2.49. At 500MHz the input impedance of the terminated line is
measured as Zin = (20+j25) Ω. Find the value of the terminating load.
Ans: As dielectric constant is given, find the propagating velocity on the line as 𝑢𝑝 =
𝑐 8 𝑢𝑝
⁄√𝜀 = 1.9 × 10 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 and the wavelength as ⁄𝑓 = 38 𝑐𝑚. Thus length of line
𝑟
(𝑥) is 3.726 λ.
𝑍 +𝑗𝑍 tan 𝛽𝑥
Use the expression of 𝑍𝑥 = 𝑍0 𝑍𝐿+𝑗𝑍0 tan 𝛽𝑥 with 𝑍𝑥 = 20 + 𝑗25 and 𝑍0 = 50. By
0 𝐿
separating the real and imaginary parts, you can solve 𝑍𝐿 = 35 + 𝑗50 Ω
Ans:
(a) 𝛤 = 0.6∠21
(b) 𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 = 4
(c) 𝑍𝑖 = 69 + 𝑗120 𝛺
ii. During operation the main line gets damaged and the 50 ohms line is replaced by a
line of 100 ohms characteristic impedance, keeping the load impedance unchanged.
However, it is required to deliver the same power (as obtained in part i) to the load
even after replacing the line. What parameter needs to be changed and by how
much?