KEY IOT TECHNOLOGIES (WITH EXAMPLES)

Internet helps people to connect to digital networks and the Internet with devices such as
smartphones and computers, to share information, chat, buy, and so forth. IoT has make us enable
to connect “Things” to the internet and connect to networks that use Internet Technology.

There are a lot of new technologies on the Internet of things, the key technology of which is radio
frequency identification technology (RFID), sensor technology, network communication technology
and cloud computing. Some of the several major key technologies of IoT is:

RFID

RFID is the abbreviation of radio frequency identification, also calls electronic tags. RFID technology
is an automatic identification technology which began in the 90's in twentieth Century. Its principle:
after the label enters the magnetic field, if it can receive the reader sending out the special radio
frequency signal, the product information stored in the chip can be transmitted by the energy of the
induced current. The RFID should at least include the following two parts, one is the reader, the
other is the electronic tag, in addition, antenna, host, etc. Based on analysis of various application
environments and application purposes, an RFID system will different. But from the work principle of
RFID system, the system is composed of signal transmitter, signal receiver and transmitter receiver.

A salient and critical application of IOT is the RFID tag. By attached tag on the good, we construct the
information network based on the existing internet. RFID releases data collected from the cable's
constraints, improves the speed and flexibility of data collected.

Cloud Computing

In today’s information age, it is the foremost concern of organizations to deal with the information
effectively. The Internet of things, there is a large scale, mass data need to be processed, so the data
processing capacity of a higher demand. Cloud computing is the integration product of traditional
computer technology and network technology, such as grid computing, distributed computing,
parallel computing, utility computing, network storage, virtualization, load balancing, etc. Cloud
computing is a unique computation mechanism in which resources which are dynamically scalable
are provided as a service over the Internet.

It aims to integrate many relatively low-cost computing entities into a perfect system with powerful
computing capabilities through the network. Cloud computing`s core idea is through continuously
improve the processing ability of the "cloud", and to reduce the processing burden on the terminal.
Output window is simplified into a simple input and output device, and according to the need
"cloud" of the powerful computing capabilities are used.

Cloud computing applications include such a thought: combine strength with each, every member
could use it. Cloud computing provides the most reliable, the most secure data storage center, in
which users do not worry about data loss and security, virus intrusion and other form of troubles.
The Cloud computing can easily achieve data sharing between different devices and applications. It
gives us almost unlimited potential for the users to use the network and its resources. For data
storage and management provides an almost infinite space for negligible fees, it also provides
almost infinitely powerful computing ability for all kinds of application.

CATALYSTS AND PRECURSORS OF THE IIOT

The major catalysts which have led to the increased adoption of IIoT in the manufacturing industry
are:

• The increased popularity of real-time data processing, on data collected by sensors over
various networks.
• The increased popularity and adoption of machine learning and artificial intelligence
algorithms across industries to facilitate business intelligence.
• Proliferation of digital manufacturing technologies have made it easy for firms to adopt IIoT
at a rapid pace.
• Partnerships amongst key industry players across the manufacturing sector in an endeavor
to extract better value from IoT systems.
➢ The venture between Toyota and Hitachi Vantara to unlock the value of IoT by
providing actionable business insights; is a classic example.

The major precursors which pointed to increased use of IoT to enhance production processes (IIoT)
are:

• Internet of things is a combination of technologies which allow a multitude of devices and

Recently a German Robotics firm called KUKA has helped the company Jeep by building an IoT
enabled factory which is driven by hundreds of robots, which are controlled from a private cloud –
This plant has a capacity to product over eight hundred vehicles per day. Hence adoption of IoT is
indeed growing day-by-day in the manufacturing industry and IIoT will become a norm in the future
for many firms in their endeavor to retain market competitiveness.
 APPLICATION OF IIOT FOR LOGISTICS

Location and Route Management

Logistics managers can monitor the location of their trucks in real-time using this solution. The
routes taken by the trucks can be monitored from remote locations, by using GPS tracking systems
and geofencing techniques. Ensuring timely delivery of cargo and tracking the activities of drivers
becomes easy using this solution. Anomalies like accidents or thunderstorms or events which may
affect the shipment status like accidents on freeways -- can be tracked by the vehicle tracking
solution which can provide real time alerts to managers.

Inventory Tracking and Warehousing

Companies can easily keep track of the position and status information of their inventory items using
RFID sensors and tags. Development of a smart warehouse system which allows companies to
ensure safe storage of goods, mitigate losses and locate the items in need efficiently can be
facilitated by IoT technologies. IOT also enables firms to increase efficiency by reducing reliance on
manual intensive operations, reduce labor costs through automation and revamp their existing
warehouse operations to make them more efficient.

CBM (Condition-Based Management) and Breakdown Prevention

CBM enables a company to minimize/eliminate breakdown of assets like lorries, trucks, goods etc.;
by identifying the bottlenecks in the vehicles and transportation systems. Internet of Things helps
industries to jump on predictive maintenance and condition-based maintenance instead of
depending on scheduled inspection procedures. These preventive insights about the assets helps
companies reduce risks and downtime that further results in seamless process execution and timely
delivery operations.

IoT and Blockchain for Digital BOL (Bill of Lading)

Digital Bill of Lading (BOL) which creates increases the transparency of a supply chain can be created
by blending blockchain technology and logistics IoT technology. Firms and their clients can track the
product shipment status and trace the transportation cycle using BOL. Smart Contract Solutions can
be created which enable firms and their customers to measure real-time parameters like humidity,
temperature, location and other relevant parameters real-time from remote locations, during the
shipment phase – to ensure that all conditions highlighted in the contract are adhered to.

Autonomous and Self-Driving Cars (AGVs: Automated Guiding Vehicles)

Blending of intelligent technologies like Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence is being
facilitated through connected infrastructures formed by IoT (Internet of Things). Data corresponding
to various shipment parameters is analyzed and processed to develop smart driving routes and
directions for the vehicles leading to reduced operational costs, reduced accidental mishaps, and
timely cargo delivery based on traffic conditions. Mostly seen within large warehouses where traffic
corresponds to the traffic of other AGVs active in the vicinity.

APPLICATION OF IIOT IN HEALTHCARE SECTOR

The healthcare sector can benefit immensely for the use of internet of things. Use-cases for IoT
devices can be thought of for patients, doctors, and hospitals alike. Some of them can be:

• Wearables that track several health attributes like heart-rate monitoring, blood oxygen level
monitoring, etc. have already gained popularity. Making the data available for doctors in
real-time could help prevent incidents that would’ve otherwise been unforeseen.
• Ingestible tracking devices in the form of pills are also slowly gaining popularity. Once
ingested, these micro tracking devices move with the blood flow and reports several
attributes of the human’s body that could better help in keeping track of a person’s health.
• IoT wearables can also be used as alert devices, where for example, a device worn by the
handicapped or the elderly that would alert a group of pre-assigned people should any
accident such as the person falling down occur.
• People who had just undergone surgeries can also be monitored remotely with the help of
IOT devices, hence enabling them to be discharged from hospitals earlier than what was
required previously.
• Wearable lenses can be used by doctors where a specialist sitting somewhere else in the
world can see and guide the doctor operating on a patient for the cases where help is
needed, hence greatly reducing the time required to get the necessary help for the patients.
• Wireless sensors that connect over Wi-Fi can be used to tract things in a hospital, like
wheelchairs, monitoring equipment, etc.
• IoT can also be used by hospitals to manage inventory of the pharmaceuticals, ensure
optimum environmental conditions are always met for several equipment like cold storage
room, etc., monitor

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