0% found this document useful (0 votes)

6K views45 pages

KPMG 30 Voices On 2030 The Future of Energy Report 300921

KPMG 30 Voices on 2030 the Future of Energy Report 300921

Uploaded by

Matthew Kelly

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

6K views45 pages

KPMG 30 Voices On 2030 The Future of Energy Report 300921

KPMG 30 Voices on 2030 the Future of Energy Report 300921

Uploaded by

Matthew Kelly

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 45

30 VOICES

ON 2030
The Future of Energy

KPMG.com/au/xxxxxxx
30 Voices on 2030:
The Future of Energy
KPMG asked 30 Voices to place themselves in 2030 and look back over the last
ten years. The 30 Voices in this report cover every facet of the energy industry and
beyond – from incumbents to challengers, big tech firms to investors, government
ministers to academics and more. Taken together, the Voices create a valuable
chorus of insight and expertise. Their predictions for the industry span six areas
in which KPMG also envisages dramatic change – they are supported by a survey
run by KPMG of over 240 energy and natural resource businesses across
Australia which was carried out in mid-2021:

1. 2. 3.
THE ENERGY MIX OF 2030 E SG AND THE DATA - THE FUEL BEHIND
TRANSFORMATION AGENDA NEW ENERGY
69% of survey respondents
agreed that most
businesses and households in 59% of survey respondents
agreed that in 2030 a law 74% of survey respondents
agreed that most
Australia will have shifted to use of will have been passed requiring households will be actively monitoring
solar and battery storage in 2030. companies to meet specific and adapting their energy usage
ESG targets. through the adoption of smart energy
monitoring devices in 2030.

4. 5. 6.
P EOPLE AND TALENT – THE ENERGY THE 2030 POLICY AGENDA AND BEYOND NET ZERO – THE PUSH FOR THE
BATTLE GROUND GEOPOLITICAL LANDSCAPE GREENEST ENERGY
65% of survey respondents
agreed that to attract and 60% of survey respondents
agreed that the shift 65% of survey respondents
agreed that in 2030,
retain talent in 2030, industry leaders towards raw materials needed for the challenges of meeting net zero
in energy and natural resources will ‘green’ technology and low emission targets will mean all forms of
have strong plans to meet net zero renewable energy fuels has pushed carbon capture technology will
emissions well before 2050. Australia to be a dominant member in be considered.
terms of geopolitics.

Many of the views expressed in this report may be personal and do not necessarily
represent those of the Voices’ organisations or that of KPMG.
30 VOICES ON 2030: THE FUTURE OF ENERGY 4 30 VOICES ON 2030: THE FUTURE OF ENERGY 5

Why 30 Voices on 2030 – The Future of Energy?

Cassandra Hogan We asked 30 leaders in the Australian released our first KPMG Impact Report
energy sector and beyond (insiders, aimed at enhancing the transparency
NATIONAL INDUSTRY LEADER outsiders, disruptors, and policy makers) and accountability of our firm, including
ENERGY & NATURAL RESOURCES to project themselves into the year 2030 the capture of our own environmental
and make bold predictions on what the footprint and sustainability initiatives.
KPMG AUSTRALIA energy future could look like for Australia. We are also investing in capabilities
that will assist our clients in navigating
These ‘voices’ capture a range of views on these choices.
the different energy transition pathways
between now and 2030. I hope the insights and predictions
of our 30 Voices will challenge your
One point on which they all agree is own thinking. We want to stimulate
the that industry will be fundamentally conversations about the actions needed
transformed – reshaped by changing to get us to the energy world we want to
stakeholder expectations, driven by have in 2030 and beyond.
technology, digitisation, regulation,
evolving customer expectations and other Whilst the exact pathway for energy to
innovative and disruptive forces. And in a get us there is still unclear, I am confident
In the past year, the conversation on energy world where ESG is front of mind for all the actions we take over the course of the
stakeholders, how you grow over the next next decade will be key to achieving a new
transition and decarbonisation has accelerated.
decade will truly matter. and positive energy future.
The science has been clear for some time: the
KPMG Australia is also committed to
world will need to move to net zero emissions playing a constructive part in the energy
if we are to avoid severe climate damage. transition towards 2030. This year we
This goal has now been embraced by stakeholders
across consumers, investors, communities
and governments.
The insights from the 30 leaders we the grid is changing, becoming more
interviewed for our 30 Voices on 2030: distributed and reliant on a more diverse
The Future of Energy show the industry range of energy sources and storage.
is undergoing a profound transformation. Sectors are converging, presenting new
Supply of energy is shifting to opportunities and challenges.
renewables and lower emissions fuels.
Consumers and industrial users are We know, too, that the decisions we
becoming more active participants in make today will be critical in shaping
the energy market. They are choosing the future of energy tomorrow. So,
new technologies, products and data where will we be at the start of the
to meet their needs. At the same time, new decade, in the year 2030?

©2021 KPMG, an Australian partnership and a member firm of the KPMG global organisation of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Limited, a private English company ©2021 KPMG, an Australian partnership and a member firm of the KPMG global organisation of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Limited, a private English company
limited by guarantee. All rights reserved. The KPMG name and logo are trademarks used under license by the independent member firms of the KPMG global organisation. limited by guarantee. All rights reserved. The KPMG name and logo are trademarks used under license by the independent member firms of the KPMG global organisation.

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation. Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation.
30 VOICES ON 2030: THE FUTURE OF ENERGY 6 30 VOICES ON 2030: THE FUTURE OF ENERGY 7

Contents Predictions for 2030

1. THE ENERGY MIX OF 2030 2. ESG AND THE TRANSFORMATION AGENDA

PREDICTIONS FOR 2030 07

Renewables Closure of coal- Hydrogen, ESG has been The entire energy Electrification and
are now fired power plants green and blue, incorporated in core value chain has low emissions
predominantly is underway. Gas dominates business strategy. been overhauled transportation
powering Australia. continues to be an the remaining Laggards will be and reconfigured. is transforming
Alan Yu, LAVO 18 Justine Jarvinen, UNSW Energy Institute 52 option to provide decarbonisation starved from capital whole cities and
firming capacity journey. investments. industries.
Alba Ruiz Leon, Cornwall Insight 20 Lily D'Ambrosio, Victorian Government 54 for intermittent
renewables.
Alexandra Clunies-Ross, Artesian 22 Lynne Gallagher, Energy Consumers Australia 58
Angus Taylor, Australian Government 24 Mark Mazurek, Linfox 60
3. DATA – THE FUEL BEHIND NEW ENERGY 4. PEOPLE AND TALENT – THE ENERGY BATTLE GROUND
Audrey Zibelman, X, the Moonshot Factory 26 Matthew Warren, E nergy Journalist & Market Commentator 62
Ben Wilson, Australian Gas Infrastructure Group 28 Mike Nicholls, Main Sequence Ventures 64
Brian Janous, Microsoft 30 Patrick Hartley, CSIRO Energy 66
The availability of Cyber security is a Digital verification The energy The data driven Increasing
Chris McGrath, 5B Australia 34 Robert J. Johnston, Eurasia Group 70 data and artificial priority investment and tracking industry is facing energy system uncertainties
Intelligence (AI) has focus to future of energy and a talent crisis for is seeing a rise in around the
Chris Reed, Neometals 36 Sally-Ann Williams, Cicada Innovations 72 increased demand proof the new emissions has contemporary demand for data pandemic and
Dan Adams, Amber Electric 38 Stephanie Unwin, Horizon Power 74 flexibility and energy system. become standard energy and management and climate change
energy efficiency; in global trade. technology skills. AI skills; data is mean operational
Innes Willox, Australian Industry Group (Ai Group) 40 Stephen Harty, Gladstone LNG 76 protecting the also driving more resilience is crucial.
consumer is leadership decisions.
Jason Chang, EMR Capital 42 Ted Surette, E nergy transition advisor and Non-Executive Director 78 paramount.

Jemma Green, Powerledger 46 Tim Buckley, IEEFA 80

Joanne Fox, AGL Energy 48 Tim Nelson, Iberdrola Australia 82 5. THE 2030 POLICY AGENDA AND GEOPOLITICAL LANDSCAPE 6. BEYOND NET ZERO – THE PUSH FOR THE GREENEST ENERGY
John C. Mankins, Solar Space Technologies 50 Tom Ridsdill-Smith, Woodside Energy 84

In an evolving Net zero is a Governments Technology focus “Green The decarbonisation

geopolitical bipartisan issue; the have reinforced is positioned investment” is action is now with
landscape, the race urgency of acting to policies to protect around emissions now known hard-to-abate
to decarbonise mitigate the impact consumers and reduction and as simply sectors.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 87 is amplifying of climate change communities. clean energy. “investment”.
uncertainties. has accelerated
policy making.

Predictions 1. The Energy Mix of 2030

for 2030 Renewables are Closure of coal-

now predominantly fired power plants
powering Australia. is underway. Gas
continues to be an
option to provide
Hydrogen,
green and blue,
dominates
the remaining
decarbonisation
firming capacity journey
for intermittent
renewables.

It’s 2030. The energy industry landscape looks

very different to what it did ten years ago. A
tipping point has been reached during this
decade. Many countries and companies are By 2030, Australia has changed its energy mix and has uses including where gas is a feedstock to other processes.
the highest global per capita penetration of renewable Selective domestic gas networks have been converted
on the way to realising their net zero goals power generation and storage. Diverse storage and to 10% hydrogen blend and there are hydrogen hubs
as the pace of change in the sector has been balancing technologies (demand response, lithium expanding on Australia’s east coast. Threshold choices are
batteries, hydrogen, pumped hydro) are being used to being made in different parts of the country to transition
faster than at any other time in its history solve intermittency issues for solar and wind generation, networks to zero emissions gas or fully electrify. Hydrogen
and therefore fraught with challenges. The as is natural gas, particularly as plans are now in place to is also starting to be used in hard to abate sectors such as
foundation of this new energy system has progressively phase out coal-fired power generation plants. industrial processing, the steel and aluminium industries
and heavy vehicle haulage.
shifted from fossil fuels to clean electrification. Australia’s head start in this energy transition was facilitated
While climate change concerns have forced by its rich renewable resource base, but new policy Growing hydrogen demand means more purpose-built
initiatives also helped. Early in the decade it created multiple hydrogen infrastructure to support both the domestic
stricter decarbonisation and ESG targets for renewable energy zones (REZs) which are now generating and export markets. Demand is also being sustained by
both governments and companies, seeking vast amounts of cheap, reliable, and clean energy, attracting widespread fiscal and regulatory incentives. By 2030, the
additional global energy investment. Today, Australia is a distinctions of blue and green for hydrogen are all but gone,
to stay relevant to consumers has become a new player in offshore wind in the world market, with a as it is largely produced using zero emission methods.
priority, meaning getting to net zero is now at continuous flow of projects under development. Australia is now expected to become the dominant exporter
of hydrogen to Asia over the next 20 years (2030-2050).
the top of most corporate agendas. The nation remains a major LNG exporter as its export
markets undertake their own complex energy transition and The acceleration of renewable power generation, and the
For Australia the energy transition means major new opportunities. increasingly switch fuel towards a gas and renewable mix. demise of coal, has made synchronous condensers, grid
Big decisions made earlier in the decade have been key to energy This trade has strengthened interconnectivity between Asia forming batteries and hydrogen ready gas plants more
market success by 2030. Governments and companies who Pacific and the Australian East Coast domestic market, but important to maintain grid reliability and resilience. While
volatility of change remains a constant. The industry has this continues to provide some revenue to incumbent
foresaw the changes needed acted early whereas laggards were
focussed initially on reducing its scope 1 and 2 emissions. thermal power plants, the rapid decarbonisation and
left behind. They realised that managing fossil fuel assets and
However, cost pressures and regulatory challenges in new innovation of the energy system is providing cheaper lower
production costs were less important in a fast-electrifying world
gas developments and long-term demand uncertainty from carbon alternatives - the end of all high emission thermal
where renewable power is cheap and abundant. They quickly
pressure to reduce scope 3 emissions in export markets power generation is now in sight.
switched focus to offering differentiated low carbon energy
have substantially reduced new gas exploration. Hence the
services to the new energy consumer - such services are now a industry is increasingly focussed on zero emission sources The transition to new REZs, distributed energy resources
major source of value and growth. of energy to service the next phase of the global energy and dynamic dual flow networks required significant
transition, including the use of carbon capture and storage. investments. This needed to navigate consumer
What seemed like a major task in the early 2020s is today seen requirements for a reliable and affordable energy transition
as a common purpose. The future is there to be shaped. The A new hydrogen economy has developed. Early and financiers' requirements for investable markets. This
decisions and actions taken in the last decade have shifted the dial pilot hydrogen projects are now proven, deployment level of investment saw the government interventions
and helped to create an industry that is decarbonising for survival, incentives are now in place and Australia has a gigawatt in energy projects during the early 2020s continue into
more accessible and thriving today in 2030. scale production capacity. Existing gas infrastructure the 2030s, particularly where new decarbonisation
has been used for scaling hydrogen and facilitating cost technologies are being deployed.
competitiveness, and still servicing transitioning natural gas

2. ESG and the

Transformation Agenda
ESG has been The entire energy Electrification and
3. Data – the Fuel Behind
New Energy
incorporated in core value chain has low emissions The availability of Cyber security is a Digital verification
business strategy. been overhauled transportation data and artificial priority investment and tracking
Laggards will be and reconfigured. is transforming intelligence has focus to future proof of energy and
starved from capital whole cities and increased demand the new energy emissions has
investments. industries. flexibility and energy system. become standard in
efficiency; protecting global trade.
the consumer is
paramount.

Maintaining a social license in this energy transition Reducing renewable energy industry waste has become The hallmark of the new energy system is greater and flexibility. Companies doing this well are employing
is a major focus of organisations. In 2030, Australian important for all companies. The solar and battery electrification and more distributed energy - generated via AI to clean up and analyse massive amounts of data and
companies are required by law to report on ESG targets industries have implemented domestic recycling millions of solar panels and wind turbines all connected to utilising it to better understand and serve their customers.
while businesses without tangible achievements in schemes, like mobile phone recycling schemes of the the grid through inverters. The system is more intelligent They are differentiating themselves through efficient
reducing their carbon footprint are being starved of new last few decades. Water waste is also high on corporate and integrated and creates huge amounts of data. Energy and cost-effective energy services as well as greater
funding from investors and external markets. Business agendas, as climate change continues to disrupt weather usage is more efficient as it is better managed through personalisation of their services.
success now depends on ESG themes from 2021 - patterns. Even though water consumption in some automation - controlling millions of devices in customers’
understanding and meeting the demands of consumers renewable technologies like hydrogen is still low compared homes (with consent) - including household batteries, By 2030, cyber security has become a key focus area for
and investors and anticipating and implementing policy to other industry sectors like agriculture, rapid hydrogen electric vehicle chargers, electric hot water systems, air de-risking and future proofing the energy system. Largely
changes. Australia is not at net zero, but significant industry growth has brought water usage, particularly in conditioners and heaters. driven by geopolitical concerns around the activities of nation
progress is being made. hot countries like Australia, into sharp focus. states, the transition to net zero and the growing digitisation
Machine learning and other AI technologies are influencing of the energy system, investment in cyber security has
The energy ecosystem has become more complex and By 2030, Australia has a stronger green mobility pathway energy consumption behaviours through greater grid risen dramatically. In 2030, cyber-attacks are very common
distributed. There are more players than ever before, driven by clearer policy and regulation mechanisms. flexibility. This means it is now fully optimised and operates in an energy system which has end-to-end connectivity, is
including new and adjacent industry entrants, and Infrastructure has now mostly adapted to support Electric with increased demand response, capacity, efficiency, and more automated and has full cloud capabilities. There are
incumbents are transforming to stay competitive. Most Vehicles (EV’s) following discussions earlier in the decade storage. Deriving further insights from this more integrated considerable global tensions as cyber threats grow in scale
energy and mining companies have moved into wind, with the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to system, companies can better control costs while offering and complexity. Networks have had to invest in redundancy
solar and hydrogen while whole new sectors of consumer ensure a broader range of EV options. These include such cheaper and more relevant services for their customers. to boost resilience.
co-operatives, electric and hydrogen vehicle players and measures as the cessation of all production and purchases
new building and storage companies are emerging. Being of new internal combustion engine vehicles, standards The changes in the market are also creating opportunities for This energy system is not only more complex but more
organisationally agile and adapting business models to ensuring minimal waste (such as EV batteries) and more new energy and technology industry players. The enhanced transparent. The digital verification and the tracking of the
seize new market opportunities is now crucial as the consistent road pricing mechanisms to reduce the number real-time visibility of the energy system, and the accessibility source of energy and emissions is standard for domestic
nature of investments, mergers, divestments, and service of older vehicles in use. of information via online “platforms”, has allowed new and international trade. There is strong demand for certified
offerings has fundamentally changed. entrants to challenge incumbents in all business segments, zero emissions products, with AI and blockchain technology
The greening of Australia’s public and heavier vehicle blurring the boundaries between networks, retailers, and helping to classify which products are sustainable and
The COVID-19 pandemic from earlier in the decade put fleets has been a notable success. Most buses are now other service providers. In Australia, as elsewhere, the low carbon. As the digitisation of the energy supply chain
considerable strain on global supply chains which has been electric while large vehicle technology has improved sheer volume of personal data, driven by smart devices, expands, a growth industry is developing around the sourcing
exacerbated by the energy transition. The surge in demand the fleet. New infrastructure and the better range and online platforms and IoT, has led to increased application of and tracking of commodities. Companies able to validate their
for critical minerals and raw materials means that demand power-to-weight benefits of heavier vehicles means regulations such as Consumer Data Right (CDR) and General energy as green and those who have created a transparent
now outstrips supply. As the medium-term outlook for that the transition to hydrogen fuel cells in haulage Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), giving consumers control and integral supply chain compliant with ESG commitments
carbon intensive gas demand declines, the LNG export and mining fleets becoming electric and/or hydrogen of their own data and who they share it with. are capturing a greater share of new energy demand.
industry, supported by the Australian Government, powered is well underway.
is heavily investing in Carbon Capture and Storage Trust is now a key differentiator for energy companies -
technology. It is also actively developing industrial scale protecting customer data and privacy and ensuring they
hydrogen export projects, leveraging its long-standing are receiving the fairest energy services and prices are all
trading and supply chain relationships. non-negotiable. Customers have higher expectations - not
only around how sustainable their energy is but also its value

4. People and Talent –

the Energy Battle Ground
5. The 2030 Policy Agenda
and Geopolitical Landscape
The energy The data driven Increasing In an evolving Net zero is a Governments have
industry is facing energy system uncertainties geopolitical bipartisan issue; the reinforced policies to
a talent crisis for is seeing a rise in around the landscape, the race urgency of acting to protect consumers
contemporary demand for data pandemic and to decarbonise mitigate the impact and communities
energy and management climate change is amplifying of climate change
technology skills. and AI skills; data mean operational uncertainties. has accelerated
is also driving resilience is crucial. policy making.
more leadership
decisions.

During the decade leading up to 2030, the way in which operations, product, customer service and technology By 2030, the race to decarbonisation is reshaping benefits, and no community is left behind. Communities
organisations approached talent management had to groups, changing mindsets and behaviours to create the global power map. The geopolitics of energy is have been at the heart of the energy changes; today
change along with the energy system. As the application more data driven business outcomes. As leaders better transforming as demand for the critical minerals needed there are millions of Australian citizens who own and
of AI proliferated and the sector became more automated, understand the problems data can solve, risk management for cleaner energy grows. However, countries are pursuing manage their own power generation and storage systems
demand for both office and field workers declined. is also improving. decarbonisation agendas at different speeds, resulting in a (including EVs). This energy transformation feels more
Successful organisations who protected and created jobs
The war for contemporary infrastructure and technology proliferation of ad hoc policies. inclusive, not only because the consumer is at the heart of
by cross and up-skilling employees so they could transition
talent is acute. Boomers with decades of engineering skills it, but because energy is more readily available, cheaper,
into other parts of their businesses were able to maintain Australia, today, is a key part of the energy transition along
will have retired. New role creation is centred around the and more efficient.
their social license to operate. with the world’s leaders as it has some of the world's
massive expansion of the zero-emissions energy sector -
This changing way of working is having longer term impacts. infrastructure associated with renewable energy zones, new largest resources of the commodities and critical minerals Changing societal expectations have been crucial in
As hybrid and remote working is now common practice, energy networks and the decommissioning and repurposing needed for this energy transition. Cobalt, nickel, lithium and the transition. Whilst consumers and communities
leaders have had to adapt their management style and of existing infrastructure. Industry focus continues to develop rare earths all make up a bigger part of Australian exports have demanded clean, reliable, and cheap energy this
make use of different techniques and channels to maintain in the areas of carbon capture and sequestration, hydrogen, today, along with its more traditional commodities like iron also came with physical siting issues and complexities
engagement with their teams. It has also transformed cities energy storage, and ancillary products and services. ore, copper, gold and metallurgical coal. with community consultation. Governments retained
and suburbs into quieter and busier places respectively. Organisations in these sectors are finding their commitment strong regulatory oversight over energy prices and have
Commuter and air travel growth, particularly for business to net zero is enabling them to better attract and retain their In this radically different geopolitical landscape defined
introduced stricter protection measures for the more
use, is on a lower trajectory, with the pandemic and net zero workforces. Companies that fail to take talent management by the rise in unilateralism, trade and investment policy
vulnerable. The transition has caused some assets to be
commitments reinforcing a growing social norm of video seriously will be left behind. have become political tools for pursuing national strategic
stranded and new opportunities created.
conferencing and staycations. interests, creating an era of global mistrust. Tensions are
The digitalisation of the energy system is also supporting a
appearing all over the world as countries not only seek In Australia, areas dependant on more traditional energy
There is newfound collaboration between governments, more people centred approach. Companies are now fully
critical minerals to meet new renewable energy demand sector employment are being supported through the
industry, and academia, primarily based on the employment understanding the enhanced value coming from diversity and
but are also imposing tariffs and regulations on fossil fuel transition; higher investment in education, upskilling
impact of the energy transition. In Australia, many companies are using a more diverse workforce to orchestrate alliances in
have made widespread operational changes such as the broader energy ecosystem. Technology is also improving imports and less sustainable goods. Australia has had to in low emissions technologies and repurposing of
bringing offshore customer service jobs and select supply Health Safety and Environmental initiatives (HSE) with respond to these risks. Legal action regarding Scope 3 brownfield sites are all playing a significant part. Green
chains home, while many of the technical skills learnt in the automation, AR/VR and digital twin simulations enabling safer emissions and unsustainable consumer products is now initiatives such as energy rebates, no interest loans
traditional energy sector have been transferred or adapted to working environments through faster, more accessible and common and is reinforcing policy and investment drivers for high energy efficient properties, minimum rented
the decarbonised energy sector via targeted training initiatives cost-effective training. for change. Increasingly, trade routes are being redefined property energy efficiency standards and retrofitting
with varying levels of success. and prioritised by their level of transparency and how green inefficient household energy systems are also creating
In 2030, the key to business survival and success in the
the products are in their supply chains. a more inclusive transition.
Energy companies have had to transform themselves into energy world is organisational resilience. Climate change
data management experts. The shortage of data and AI skills, and the geopolitics of new energy are intensifying the The speed of change has seen the energy system
already evident earlier in the decade, is increasing due to high unpredictable environment, adding another layer of tension to becoming increasingly unreliable and unstable, requiring
demand across all industries. Leaders have invested to build those already there including challenges following the global
significant regulatory change and government intervention.
data and AI skills into existing and new roles, while data driven pandemic. HSE initiatives now routinely include mental health
In Australia, transitional mechanisms have also been put in
insights underpin most C-suite decision making. This data as supporting the workforce through the many uncertainties
place to ensure that its regions are supported and thriving
heavy energy industry has created demand for data business in 2030 is now a priority.
partners or “translators” who liaise between leadership, in the transition. There is also a strong focus on ensuring
this energy transition is democratic - that everyone

6. Beyond Net Zero – the Push

What seemed like
for the Greenest Energy
Technology focus
is positioned
“Green
investment”
The decarbonisation
action is now with
a major task in
the early 2020s
around emissions is now known hard-to-abate
reduction and as simply sectors.
clean energy “investment”

is today seen as a
common purpose.
By 2030, there has been an upsurge of carbon positive What was considered “energy activism” in 2020 is now, in 2030,
technologies with the focus firmly on an accelerated path to mainstream due to the influence from climate legal cases. It is
zero emissions. These new technologies are supporting the seen as fundamental to sustaining pressure on governments and
development and growth of sectors such as energy services, organisations alike. The major shift towards more sustainable living
electric vehicles, hydrogen, big storage/batteries and carbon being driven by aging millennials is often supported by activist
capture and sequestration. organisations acting as the consumer voice.

The natural gas industry is changing fast as it services the energy For those organisations who have not achieved net-zero by 2030,
transition in Asia, replacing coal, and develops alternative ways of realising it over the next decade will require greater downstream
exporting low emissions energy molecules. Industrial heating and integration. Technology and innovation will continue to drive
processing, and domestic heating in the cooler regions are in the the different pathways that have emerged, electrifying and
process of moving to zero emissions gas and electrification. All hydrogenising whole sectors - even those which are hard to
new gas plants are being built to be hydrogen ready. Governments decarbonise such as aviation, maritime, industrial processing,
have co-invested significantly with the private sector in the and heavy industries. For leading organisations, a new north
development of major energy hubs and precincts to both de-risk star is emerging. They are already looking beyond being carbon
and decarbonise the energy system. neutral and aspiring to becoming carbon negative. They want
to pay back their carbon debt and contribute to global action to
The surge in new energy technology is being supported by the
combat climate change.
investment community. By 2030, “green investment” has simply
become “investment” as investors and shareholders prioritise
ESG agendas. The consumer of 2030 has no time for companies
that are not meeting net-zero objectives. Those industries not
contributing to greater sustainability, and the hard to abate sectors
not cleaning up faster, are under immense consumer and investor
pressure to do so; otherwise, they will have become uninvestable
and uninsurable. They are already suffering from reputational
damage and are losing the trust of both their customers and
employees. Legal actions regarding the impacts of climate change
are now common following several landmark cases in the early
2020’s; governments and companies must now legally protect the
younger generation from the impact of climate change and not
expand fossil fuel use.

“T he journey of
‘decentralisation,
decarbonisation,
and digitalisation’
that the electricity
network went
through years
ago has now
transformed the
gas system.”
BEN WILSON
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
AUSTRALIAN GAS
INFRASTRUCTURE GROUP

Also, hydrogen powered bikes and transition strategy encompassing very We want a future where people develop
cargo bikes1 are playing a crucial role in transparent emissions reduction targets energy assets not only looking at the
developing emission free transportation. - this is critical for the hydrogen sector as carbon footprint, but also at areas like
With trucks increasingly being banned it provides investors with clear direction the availability of critical materials and
from city centres all over the world, about the investment environment. water consumption.
hydrogen cargo bikes are the future of
Companies could not achieve these New technologies such as the Internet
the online delivery market. A cargo bike -
stricter decarbonisation targets alone and of Things and Artificial Intelligence are
used for much longer distance deliveries
partnerships have been key to their success also critical. LAVO is now developing
such as food or parcel delivery - it can
- accelerating the decarbonisation journey new software and centralised control
even use its hydrogen fuel cell as a heater
and allowing the hydrogen economy to systems which can incorporate these
or a fridge to keep the food or items being
take off. The 2030 net zero target required digital technologies. Our integrated portal
delivered, warm or cold.
all stakeholders in the energy value chain now allows us to both work with many
This new hydrogen economy has created to work faster and more collaboratively more stakeholders while optimising our
its own energy ecosystem for Australia and companies have not only started decision-making processes. Earlier this
and accelerated its journey toward net working with the big energy companies, decade, the COVID-19 crisis became
zero. Australia is always well positioned but public and private companies are now an opportunity to accelerate digital
to capitalise on the hydrogen economy working more closely together. transformation; today the energy transition
as it has unique and rich resources - is another. Blue hydrogen, green hydrogen
Our company, LAVO, had already
sunshine, wind, an abundance of land - regardless of the colour, the future is
incorporated ESG principles as
and minerals - enabling it to become a certainly becoming a lot brighter.
part of our investment and product
hydrogen superpower country. We are
development mandate. Today, we are
As we build the hydrogen ecosystem, Energy storage plays a critical role in now exploring the opportunity to export
looking to take the ESG framework to the
both blue hydrogen and green making renewable energy more reliable hydrogen to the rest of the world. This
Alan Yu hydrogen are playing important roles
to reduce carbon. Traditionally, the
and affordable. Green energy storage
is not limited to only one solution and
progress needs to be facilitated by Australia
implementing a federal, long term energy
next level - a hydrogen circular economy.

most common form of hydrogen hydrogen storage has become very much
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER part of the mix. While the most common
has been grey hydrogen, which
form of renewable energy storage relies
LAVO is produced from fossil fuels,
on lithium batteries, which support the Alan Yu is the Co-founder and Chief Investment Officer of Providence
predominantly gas. Over the past
intermittency of solar and wind power Asset Group, an Australian leading ESG investment firm and the Chief
decade, there has been growth in
generation, they have limitations. Key to Executive Officer of LAVO. Prior to founding the Providence Asset Group,
both blue hydrogen - produced from
these limits are the lifespan and duration Alan held executive roles at the Commonwealth Bank of Australia and the
Fossil Fuels, however the carbon is
of the batteries, their performance Westpac Group.
captured - and green hydrogen - which degradation over time and end of life
uses renewable electricity like wind disposal. Hydrogen, however, can provide In 2018, Alan co-founded YOZO, an Australian Fintech small business lending
or solar to power the electrolysis. significant storage volume without company. And in the past 4 years, Alan has founded and invested in a series
Blue hydrogen had traditionally been compromising or deteriorating energy over of clean tech companies, demonstrating his strong commitment towards

“For any sort of new cheaper than green hydrogen but

today in 2030, green has become
time, increasing its cost competitiveness
when combined with lithium batteries.
sustainability and circular economy.

Alan has executed complex transactions across broad industry

energy ecosystem much more cost competitive - not
Emission-free mobility today combines segments with specialised investment expertise in technology,
only due to cheaper renewable power
or hydrogen used in the electrolysis, but also cost
both electric and hydrogen powered
vehicles - both have important roles in
innovation and renewable energy assets. He has proven experience
in assisting companies with their growth strategies through capital
economy, we need reductions in key components like the
electrolysers and fuel cells.
this transition. While electric vehicles raising, trade acquisitions and pre-IPO processes.

both blue and green have dominated the evolution of the

greener mobility market up to 2030,
hydrogen..” hydrogen is now catching up. It has
several advantages - real potential
for the hard-to-abate heavy transport
sectors such as trucking and shipping
where electric solutions are less viable -
as well faster charge times. 1 A cargo bike is designed for carrying heavy or bulky loads, or several passengers, including children. They can come in either two-wheeled, three-wheeled, or four-
wheeled form, with or without e-assistance or powered by hydrogen fuel cells.

As a result, each eastern coast state and purchase agreements for renewable This has been an important step towards
territory in Australia has achieved their
Alba Ruiz Leon
assets, which has supported the green integrating small scale and behind meter
2030 renewable target of around 50% transition at a grid level. resources, which in aggregate is the
renewables energy generation or more. largest “generator” in the market.
Distributed energy resources (DER)
MANAGING DIRECTOR It has not been an easy journey. We integration is part of the new age Not to forget that data has also benefited
started an energy transition without the solution. We need to raise consumer consumers to become more self-aware;
CORNWALL INSIGHT right policies and regulatory framework in awareness of what is necessary to they now know when it’s more cost-
place. The federal government needed to make the power market work more effective to run their appliances, and so
be more involved much earlier and align efficiently, reliably and cheaply. they can now manage their energy use
with the state targets and progress. The This includes reducing the cost of more efficiently. Like investors, they just
lack of coordinated government policies
consumer participation in the wider needed the right tools and environment to
has undermined the confidence of some
market, simplifying the complexity unlock the potential of renewable energy.
private sector investors during the early
of compliance, and making it easier
2020s. As a result, we have seen some
for them to participate more actively
investment drifting away from Australia
in day-to-day market operations. For Alba Ruiz Leon holds the
due to the lack of early federal direction,
“Regulation is still and the market complexities of adding example, back in 2021, several trials
were already underway by some
responsibility of Cornwall
renewables to the grid. Insight’s Australian business,
playing catch up with utilities to capture the vast potential of supporting the company’s
Paradoxically, Australia underwent the distributed consumer solar resources
the energy transition.” renewable energy transition faster than through a ‘Virtual Power Plant’. These
growth in Australia since
January 2020. Alba has over
most other countries. However, the trials showed that utilities could 15 years of energy market
system and the policies that govern it manage minimum demand conditions experience, including more than
were still trying to catch up during early by increasing supply nearly 5 MW by 12 years of practical exposure in
2020. During these early days, whilst in using such aggregated DER1. the APAC region.
the midst of the energy transition, we
saw system strength issues, networks Alba’s recent experience
upgrades and battery storage be rushed WHAT HAVE BEEN THE BIGGEST DEVELOPMENTS includes projects such as
up, synchronous condensers installed IN ENERGY SECTOR FROM A DATA PERSPECTIVE constructing and operating the
to mitigate system strength and inertia OVER THE PAST DECADE TO 2030?
largest Australian solar farm
shortfall, negative pricing, marginal loss Large corporations use the energy 2018-19, Limondale 349 MWp
factors (MLF) worsening up, etc. Of market data and insights to assess risks in NSW, liaising with the EPC
course, the rush of decommissioning old and opportunities better and distinguish and O&M groups as well as
and obsolete power stations, mostly in where to invest. For example, these
WHAT IS THE ENERGY MIX IN 2030 IN renewable energy zones to replace fossil other suppliers. Other career
Victoria (VIC), New South Wales (NSW) days, you would not commit to a large-
AUSTRALIA, AND HOW DOES THIS COMPARE TO fuel power plants. Hydrogen has also milestones include managing
and Queensland (QLD), had to accelerate
WHAT WAS ANTICIPATED NINE YEARS AGO? made progress, and its development scale project without using 30 years the operations, maintenance
this change and uptake of quick solutions
continues to attract significant interest good Power Curve Forecast Model and production teams for
Back in 2021, the energy transition within just a decade.
from both industry and government. for the life of the plant where you can ACCIONA oversighting the
saw renewables taking over from gas quickly identify both; total revenue over largest wind farm in the
and coal-fired power plants. However, WHAT ROLE HAS THE CONSUMER PLAYED the life cycle and return of investment. southern hemisphere, at the
there was still a need to build out the HOW HAS THE AUSTRALIAN ENERGY SECTOR IN THIS ENERGY TRANSITION? Cornwall Insight Australia has these time, as well as support building
network - and by that, I mean connecting TRANSITIONED TOWARDS NET-ZERO CARBON
tools and we use them to do project and operating other large wind
the renewable energy sources now EMISSIONS WHILE MAINTAINING SYSTEM The consumer wants cheaper and
STRENGTH, RELIABILITY, AND FLEXIBILITY? greener energy. Over the past few due diligence for our clients. farms in NSW and SA.
distributed across the country to where
the demand is located. Today in 2030, we decades, this has driven significant
Australia accelerated its energy Data gathering has also helped smaller
have made good progress in some areas uptake in rooftop PV and the rise of
transition by creating a more coordinated DER resources into the virtual power
like pumped hydro schemes, battery distributed battery use. This preference
environment. This has facilitated plants as it allows them to participate
storage, grid performing inverters which towards renewables has also led
partnerships between governments, in the central dispatch process directly.
have stabilised and firmed up supply to many businesses signing power
regulators and energy providers and
improving system strength and network incentivised new entrants, which has
security. But the energy network still led to a more diverse range of energy
lacks sufficient capacity in certain areas. resource schemes and help foster a
We need to create more integrated healthy and competitive energy market. 1 DER – generally defined as distributed energy resources, which comes from small-scale units of local generation, typically rooftop solar or small wind turbines
connected to the grid at the distribution level.

Over the last decade, there has been This transformation has been facilitated
a major shift in capital allocation from by clean technology start-ups. Some Alexandra Clunies-Ross is

Alexandra fossil fuels to green energy, whether

it’s renewables, energy efficiency or
have been scaling their technologies and
are taking the place of the incumbents
part of the Investment team
at Artesian, the most active
Clunies-Ross energy storage – all investments now
have a green element to them. The first
that have stood still over the last decade.
Others have formed partnerships with
early-stage venture capital
fund in Australia, which now
the incumbents who wanted to change manages +$400m. Alexandra
PORTFOLIO MANAGER point to note is that in 2030 we are no
and generate new business lines. leads Artesian’s ClimateTech VC
longer calling investments “green”, we
investment activities and is a
ARTESIAN just call them "investments". There are The rest have simply been acquired
by incumbents. Portfolio Manager for Artesian’s
no large-scale investors in pure fossil
Clean Energy Seed Fund.
fuels or in companies who are not As a result, new business models are Alexandra is a startup Board
moving into carbon neutrality. emerging. I would highlight those around member and a member of the
hardware-as-a-service and decentralised expert panel for the Cleantech
Not only are such investments larger,
energy software-as-a-service; they are Group, which releases an
but we are seeing the importance
enabling the sharing of different types of annual list of 50 climate
of investing in green research and
“Capital targets technology at an early stage, which
energy technologies to reduce wastage
and improve efficiency. Today in city
startups to watch. Prior to her
work at Artesian, Alexandra was
green energy... is enabling this global transition to
net zero emissions. So, now in 2030,
centres there is widespread sharing part of SkyNews’ digital team.
in the electric vehicle ecosystem. So
not fossil fuels.” climate technology is one of the largest
investment trends for venture capital,
underneath large buildings, instead of
Alexandra has a Bachelor of
Commerce from USyd and
parking your own car, you might share a Master of Business Law
private equity and research.
an electric car and the means to charge from UNSW.
A major innovation in the energy market it; and it’s the same with electric bikes,
over this period has been in energy whose usage has continued to grow
storage to improve grid stability by through 2030. We are seeing the sharing
increasing the energy density and of large-scale battery systems, which has
reducing cost of batteries. This has created an energy system not controlled
enabled greater renewable energy use by one utility or retailer, but rather by the
and has facilitated a more distributed individual or the community.
and decentralised power system, as
Today, people are also better at
more households moved to solar and
embracing new energy technologies.
wind powered generation. We have
Back in 2020, due to COVID-19, we saw
had numerous storage developments
mass adoption of many new healthcare
including lithium-ion batteries, solid-
tools and technologies; now we are
state batteries and hydrogen to store that they’re doing their part - they have In fact, I would say that over the last nine
seeing something similar in energy,
excess renewable energy. more trust in technology. Now, we not years, it has been millennials who have
as consumers better understand the
The energy supply chain has been impact of climate change. As households only have a greener and, in most cases, a really driven this shift. So, if a company
redrawn. Instead of manufacturing have become connected to their own cheaper, energy system - but one which has not thought about the importance of
energy the way we once did - producing energy supply, they understand how is decentralised and digitised as well. sustainability, then they’re at risk, not only
fossil fuels and then transporting them much energy they are using, when they due to policy and regulatory changes but
All of this means that companies have because people will not buy their product.
to the centres of demand - we now need to charge their battery and when
had to rebalance their focus to address Many companies are now increasing
generate renewable energy on site, store it’s most efficient to deploy that energy.
stakeholder management as consumers pressure on themselves and bringing
it on site, and often use it on site, for Part of that understanding comes from
better understand their own energy their carbon neutral targets forward in
example to charge our electric vehicles a better breakdown of energy bills to
needs. The private sector has moved response to the demands from these
or to create steel. These more modular show them where the energy is coming
towards sustainability because their stakeholders. In summary, we still have
solutions for energy are a real innovation from and how much of it is renewable
main stakeholder - the individual - has a long way to go to limit global warming,
and are proving to be a game changer for or from having their own energy system
demanded it. Companies with less but technology has enabled greater
heavy industry: for example, generating through solar on their roof and batteries.
green credentials have been left behind. use of renewable energy through cost
hydrogen on site, rather than transporting Consumers have been more willing to
it from another location, is much cheaper. adapt to and adopt the “new” to ensure reduction and new innovations.

WHAT HAS BEEN THE IMPACT OF THE Prior to entering politics in 2013 when he was elected as the Liberal Federal
Angus Taylor ENERGY TRANSITION ON AUSTRALIA’S
REGIONS AND CITIES?
Member for Hume in New South Wales, The Hon. Angus Taylor MP was a
Director at Port Jackson Partners and a partner at McKinsey & Co.
Australia’s regions are thriving.
MINISTER FOR ENERGY AND Angus was promoted to Assistant Minister to the Prime Minister with special
Traditionally export focused areas like responsibility for Cities and Digital Transformation and reappointed to the
EMISSIONS REDUCTION Gladstone, the Hunter, Latrobe Valleys, frontbench after the 2016 Federal election and became Minister for Law
AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT the Whyalla, the Pilbara, the Northern Enforcement and Cyber Security.
Territory and northern Tasmania have
all continued to strengthen their export Angus was promoted to Cabinet as the Minister for Energy in August 2018
positions by expanding into new and reappointed as the Minister for Energy and Emissions Reduction in
opportunities like producing hydrogen May 2019.
and low emissions metals. Australia is With a passion for cutting edge technology, Angus authored an essay
continuing to supply customer countries The Promise of Digital Government which was published by the Menzies
like Japan, Korea, Singapore and Vietnam Research Centre in 2016.
with reliable and affordable energy,
“Australia has led resources and minerals products.
Angus has a Bachelor of Economics (First Class Honours and University
Medal) and a Bachelor of Laws (Honours) from the University of Sydney. He
The Australian agricultural sector has
the way in showing been a notable green energy success
also has a Master of Philosophy in Economics from Oxford, where he studied
as a Rhodes Scholar. His thesis was in the field of competition policy.
the world that a story. Nitrogen fertiliser supports the food
industry - it feeds millions of people every
growing economy can day - and much of it is now produced from
$2/kg goal is much nearer today in 2030.
clean hydrogen, supporting the reduction IS AUSTRALIA THRIVING IN THE
decarbonise...” of agricultural emissions. The energy Hydrogen has contributed to making INTERNATIONAL ENERGY INDUSTRY
transition has also resulted in significant heavier industries in Australia both cleaner COMMUNITY IN 2030?
changes in land management in many and more energy efficient.
Australia is leading the way in the energy
regions. Soil is an extraordinary carbon
In Australia’s cities and suburbs, transition because it knows how to do
sink and making it a better one - through
household solar was already moving it - it has been a world leader for centuries
healthier soil - is important. The lessons
at breakneck pace in previous decades in industries like agriculture and mining.
learnt in better soil management and the
and has continued to gain ground. Huge The developing and developed world
reduction of agricultural emissions means
amounts of household solar have been needs new energy technologies to fully
that today, Australian farmers are not
added to the grid and additional storage decarbonise. What Australia is showing
WHAT DOES THE AUSTRALIAN ENERGY gas) and green hydrogen (made from only more productive, but the soil is more
from household batteries and electric the rest of the world is that you do
LANDSCAPE LOOK LIKE IN 2030? electrolysis using renewable energy) effective at storing carbon, and Australia’s
vehicles, and improved regulation and not have to make trade-offs between
are allowing us to reduce emissions soils are, generally, much healthier.
Australia’s energy and natural digital technology, have provided for a economic growth and making industry
in hard to abate sectors. As a platform
resources sectors have evolved Hydrogen has long been a priority low more balanced power network. In 2030, greener and more sustainable - you need
technology, hydrogen’s impact is the energy network is a combination
and reduced emissions much emissions technology for Australia - to find the right technologies to scale.
widespread across multiple industries of grid scale generation and storage,
faster than we expected a decade producing clean hydrogen under $2 per Australia today plays a unique global
and sectors of the economy. Hydrogen along with this more distributed power role in the development and export of
ago. The extraordinary uptake of kilogram (kg) has been a stretch goal under
is now feeding into many sectors generation. For them to work in harmony, new energy technologies, moving them
renewables, particularly household its Low Emissions Technology Statement
- transportation, industry, power recognition of the role of dispatchability towards being commercial, and making
solar, towards the end of the 2010s, since the start of the decade. Battery
generation and agriculture - and using in the electricity grid and the shift to products and services the world needs to
has been matched by huge growth powered electric vehicles play a big role in
hydrogen vehicles is rapidly increasing cities, but hydrogen is the fuel being used a capacity mechanism was needed. reduce emissions without substantially
in the 2020s of a range of new low in these industries. Australia’s success for long range transport and in trucks and Reforms in the early 2020’s made a big raising costs. Many new energy
emissions energy technologies. in these sectors has all been driven by difference and achieved balance between
other heavy vehicles. Growing hydrogen technologies, such as hydrogen, stored
Energy sources, like hydrogen, are a focus on the customer. intermittency and dispatchability, making
consumption in heavy industry - the carbon, carbon capture and storage,
becoming more competitive with the network not only more sustainable support Australia’s economy today - it has
mining industry, for example, has been an
existing technologies - driving down but more reliable too. led the way in showing that a growing
early adopter of hydrogen fuel, as it was of
emissions and producing affordable, economy can decarbonise.
greater automation - along with a fall in the
reliable energy. Both blue hydrogen
cost of hydrogen production and ongoing
(produced from sequestered natural technology improvements means the

electricity, but utility service providers In 2030, like in 2021, the market still interest in product standards. This allows
– through the consensual management has incumbent utilities with access new energy products and services to
Audrey Zibelman of devices such as charging EVs during
the night, when wind is available,
to customers and other assets in a
strong place, but the survivors have
plug and play more easily, allowing more
rapid innovation, driving down costs for
and demand is low – can manage reinvented themselves into true service the consumer.
VICE PRESIDENT that demand much more efficiently. companies, building on strong customer
information and existing relationships.
X, THE MOONSHOT FACTORY As a result, innovation has been
These companies drove greater efficiency
WHAT CULTURAL CHANGES DO YOU THINK
more services focused – supporting ENERGY MARKET PARTICIPANTS NEED TO
consumers to maximise demand in the grid and had the advantage of
implementing storage at scale. Up to now,
EMPLOY TO BE ABLE TO DEAL WITH THIS
patterns for the best cost and efficiency PERIOD OF RAPID CHANGE?
this has worked as the best business
gains - rather than supply side focused.
model from the consumer perspective, In the past, policy and compensation
This network autonomy, automation,
but this is in the process of changing. incentives have constructed the energy
and ability to remotely manage devices
For example, with customer information industry to be one with a lot of long-
means the energy system has become
becoming more ubiquitous, we are seeing lived technologies, generally meaning it
more intelligent.
consumer retailers or other new entrants does not prioritise the implementation
Audrey Zibelman leads X’s challenging for market share.
This intelligence gives us more of new technology or new design
moonshot for the electric grid.
confidence to solve further inefficiencies considerations well and is often dealing
Her team is developing new
right at the system edge. Without it, any HOW IMPORTANT HAS TECHNOLOGY BEEN with legacy system issues. By 2030,
computational tools to enable IN DEVELOPING THE NEW ENERGY SYSTEM
decarbonisation of the grid would never energy companies and utilities have
the rapid and cost effective IN 2030?
have worked as well as it does today. developed a better willingness and
decarbonisation of the
Technology has been fundamental to ability to take on greater technology
electrical grid.
WHAT DOES THE 2030 ENERGY MARKET market development during this energy risk. They have alleviated some of this
Audrey has spent over three risk by developing deeper technology
LOOK LIKE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF transition. It has transformed our ability
decades leading organisations ENERGY INCUMBENTS AND OTHER SERVICE to forecast demand changes and predict partnerships and collaborations - so they
(having previously worked at "In this energy transition, the innovation has been PROVIDERS? system disruptions. Even in the last do no longer need to go it alone. We’ve
the Australian Energy Market
Operator, PJM, Xcel Energy, in consumer services as opposed to investment We imagine a world and are now
decade, we were at the point where
power systems could be virtualised
seen the success of this approach in
other sectors, particularly the airline and
founder and CEO of Viridity
Energy and was the Chair of
in supply...” advancing one where, IT, AI and machine
learning have transformed the operating and we were creating digital twins. financial services industries.

environment such that all players have Since then, the power of simulation
the New York Public Service Energy regulators too, have become
access to the full system operating technology has allowed us to better
Commission) with the goal of more comfortable with risk and allowed
WHAT HAVE BEEN THE BIGGEST When we realised that we could use information in real-time. anticipate events and resolve them
making power cleaner, more for more R&D experimentation. This is
TRANSFORMATIONS TO THE ENERGY technology to better harness resources - creating a single source of truth for
affordable and more reliable. We are still seeing experimentation in a period of great change in our energy
SYSTEM OVER THE PAST DECADE? like electric vehicles (EVs), batteries decision making.
She is an international expert in how to make this market perform best. system, and it means that a lot of things
and internet-connected appliances to will not work out the way people might
power system transformation, The biggest change has been in the We have not yet resolved whether the As our natural resources like wind and
optimise the grid, it opened the door anticipate; allowing time for learning and
regulation, markets and use of technology at more affordable network and gentailers are best placed solar are dependent on the weather,
for industry innovators. They have since to move into other services, building on sharing and not penalising companies
operations. She’s also been a costs to make the whole energy system and became our dominant source of
been able to seize the opportunity to their incumbent position operating the for failures is important.
utility executive, regulator, system much more efficient, which has enabled power generation, climate change
create greater system automation, system, or a whole range of aggregators
operator and entrepreneur. a more cost-effective decarbonisation and cloud cover became central to
allowing more precise decision making have effectively provided the full range But perhaps the biggest change has
of the grid. A decade ago, the grid was managing its complexity, technology
When she’s not working, she’s and widespread efficiencies. of energy services. been with policy makers. In 2030 energy
dominated by large scale resources and has allowed us to not only run the
hiking the hills of San Francisco, and climate policy is no longer a cultural
demand was static - the most efficient Today the grid operates with large-scale This market won’t automatically system more efficiently but forecast its
playing tennis with her husband or tribal signifier, so it has become less
utilities were meeting large volumes power systems and billions of devices, emerge. Markets are ineffective at behaviour more accurately. It’s been a
Bruce, or spending time with political with everyone rowing in the
of predictable industrial demand. As like EV’s or HVAC, which connect to it this kind of transformation because of massive game changer – we're able to
their children and grandchildren. same direction for a decarbonised,
we retired older units and replaced through inverters. Using technologies all the uncertainties and the difficult understand the nature of the issue, have
efficient, reliable, and cost-effective
them with wind and solar generation, like the Cloud, Artificial Intelligence and risk/ reward trade-offs. In a future innovators help solve it, while being
energy system. This has allowed policy
and more and more batteries, electric Machine Learning, we have been able to world where it is understood how this very comfortable that we are making
new operating environment works, to focus much more on problem solving
vehicles and other forms of longer put more automation in, building system strategic operational decisions.
companies can start layering services for the issues thrown up by the rapid
duration storage come online, the efficiency and predictability. Now, we are
on top of existing offerings, rather than As energy technology becomes more energy transformation which is now
system not only became more not only paying less for our renewable
moving straight to new markets. fast paced and interoperable, Australian proceeding at pace.
distributed but also less predictable. energy resources supplying our
policy makers have had to take a new

which produce hydrogen. They sit in we have more of a cohesive vision with the natural gas network wasn’t so smart,
the middle of the gas and electricity this linkage between the gas and the it was more mechanical3.
Ben Wilson networks, connecting and playing
off each other.
electricity grids as the gas grid acts as
a storage and a firming agent for the But this also meant it was difficult to hack;
power grid - a giant battery. it might have been a dumb network, but it
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER So, if the renewable supply is in was a safer network. Today we are more
surplus these electrolysers soak up Transportation has also facilitated the aware of the pros and cons of being smart
AUSTRALIAN GAS the excess demand on the grid by drive to a more integrated energy vision. including some of the risks like cyber
INFRASTRUCTURE GROUP producing hydrogen which can then be Back in 2021, transportation was largely threats.
stored as energy in the network, and independent from both the electricity
then used like utility scale batteries, and the gas grid. Today, most new WHAT ABOUT COSTS – HAS HYDROGEN BEEN
providing system strength and peaking vehicles being sold are either battery ABLE TO COMPETE IN THE LOW CARBON
support for the grid during times of electric vehicles (EVs) or fuel cell EVs ENERGY MARKET?
variable demand. If renewable supply is running off hydrogen. These battery EVs
interrupted (when it gets cloudy or it is are also supporting storage in the grid. Today the price of hydrogen is similar
less windy) then the electrolysers can to the price of wholesale gas; it has
Ben Wilson is Chief Executive decreased due to the creation of larger
quickly be turned off, providing valuable SO, THE GAS NETWORK HAS BECOME
Officer of Australian Gas and larger solar and wind projects
interruptible demand. DECARBONISED AND DECENTRALISED
Infrastructure Group (AGIG), dedicated towards producing hydrogen.
which comprises Dampier – HOW HAS ITS DIGITISATION TRANSPIRED? Australia has commenced hydrogen
Bunbury Pipeline, Multinet Gas, AS THESE SYSTEMS BECOME MORE Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine exports to Asia and reservation policies
and Australian Gas Networks. CONNECTED, DO YOU THINK WE NEEDED A learning have optimised network are being introduced to ensure that
With a growing portfolio of MORE COMPREHENSIVE “ENERGY” VISION operations. Back in 2021, the electricity there is sufficient domestic supply of
operations, AGIG is one of “In 2030, the gas system operates more like power – AS OPPOSED JUST A “GAS VISION” AND AN
“ELECTRICITY VISION”? market knew much more about its hydrogen and renewable electricity.
Australia’s largest energy
infrastructure businesses. AGIG decentralised, decarbonised, and digitalised.” There is a well-known saying that the
customer energy behaviours than gas
companies did due to the growth of
Hydrogen electrolysers and storage
are sized to take advantage of cheaper
has over two million customers
future is already here, it is just unevenly smart meters. This has now changed, and electricity costs, so its production is
across every Australian mainland
distributed. Gas companies have had we are seeing smart meter use in the more cost effective.
state and the Northern Territory. the network which produce methane,
AGIG operates Australia’s largest
LOOKING BACK AS WE ARE NOW IN 2030, to think more about being a system gas industry. The only thing the individual
HOW HAS THE AUSTRALIA GAS INDUSTRY hydrogen, and biogas blends. operator like a power company. Also, we have seen the capital costs
renewable gas production facility,
consumer is lacking is smart meter
AND NETWORK CHANGED? This is much more complex; running a choice, as Australia is still a small market. of the electrolysers which produce the
Hydrogen Park South Australia, Finally, the industry has had to revaluate
real-time dynamic gas transmission and hydrogen come down. Electrolyser
blending green hydrogen into The natural gas industry in Australia has its customer proposition and become
distribution system. Digitisation has however come at some gigafactories were already being built
part of the gas distribution undergone a major transition, with three smarter. As cheaper, more renewable
cost. Back in 2021 we thought that a decade ago, in places like the UK
network in Adelaide. major changes. energy choices grew, it had to consider a Previously, storage solutions for the everything smart was good, that there and Italy4. Back then, we were on the
Ben is the Chair of Energy range of factors - the price proposition? gas and power systems were not able were certain things you couldn’t get to, upward slope of decarbonisation - today
Firstly, it has experienced a the customer service proposition? the
Networks Australia, former Chair to support more renewable energy such as cost reduction or better customer we’ve finally reached the plateau.
decarbonisation journey which is still environmental proposition?
of the ENA Gas Committee from delivery at a larger scale. Now in 2030, service, without being smart. Back then,
underway. Today all our gas networks
2015-2020, and a Member of the
and pipelines are delivering a mixture The journey of “decentralisation,
Ministerial Advisory Panel for the
of natural gas and renewable gases, decarbonisation, and digitalisation” that
Federal Government’s Technology
such as hydrogen and biogas. The the electricity network went through
Investment Roadmap.
traditional natural gas industry is mostly years ago has now transformed the gas
Ben has a Bachelors Degree in producing gas with carbon capture and system.
Natural Science from Cambridge sequestration (a journey which started
University in the UK.
with capturing associated CO2 at the WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF THIS MORE 1 Chevron’s Gorgon LNG project in Western Australia was one of the first natural gas (LNG) projects to capture carbon at scale. Carbon Capture and Sequestration
Gorgon LNG project1), or producing (CCS) is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emission from the Gorgon Project by approximately 40%, or more than 100 million tonnes over the life of the injection
DISTRIBUTED MODEL FOR NATURAL GAS? project.
blue hydrogen with CO2 by-product
captured and stored. The transition has required significant 2 An electrolyser is a device which splits water into hydrogen and oxygen using electrical energy, providing a practical way to generate a zero-carbon energy source.
operational changes. Previously, the gas
3 Gas networks in 2021 were mainly operated mainly by mechanical regulators which responded to changes in pressure.
Secondly it has gone from being a and power systems in Australia were not
system which was primarily centralised directly linked but now the two systems 4 In 2021, ITM Power announced the construction of the largest electrolyser manufacturing facility in the world, in the UK, to provide an integrated hydrogen
energy solution to use renewable energy that would otherwise be wasted. In 2019, the company Enapter opened a serial fabrication facility for modular hydrogen
to one which is more distributed. We are much more intertwined through electrolysers in Italy, reducing manufacturing costs by 20% and increases production capacity eightfold for more affordable hydrogen generation.
are now seeing distinct pockets of the growth of distributed electrolysers2

and servers - which weren’t optimised or

Brian Janous is responsible for leading the development and execution running on clean energy. As our zero-
Brian Janous of Microsoft’s global data centre energy strategy. His responsibilities
include oversight of energy policy, procurement, renewable energy,
carbon commitment was not only for
electricity, but also for things like cement
distributed generation, and overall environmental impact to ensure that and steel that go into the construction
GENERAL MANAGER OF Microsoft’s cloud infrastructure is reliable and sustainable. of a data centre, we have been able to
ENERGY & RENEWABLES Brian joined Microsoft in 2011 after 12 years in the energy industry where achieve more productive and less carbon
he worked as a Sr. Consultant at Brubaker & Associates, assisting Fortune intense data centres. It means that -
MICROSOFT 500 companies with energy procurement, policy and sustainability despite global power demand continuing
matters. Brian has also served on the board of the American Wind Energy to increase - generally, overall data centre
Association (now the American Clean Power Association), and presently power demand has not.
serves on the board of the Institute for Energy Studies at Western
Washington University. IN WHAT WAYS ARE ’BIG TECH’ COMPANIES
LIKE MICROSOFT SUPPORTING THIS NEW
ENERGY SYSTEM IN 2030?
BACK IN 2020, MICROSOFT, MADE A PLEDGE 2050, we were making commitments We're about enabling the success
TO BECOME CARBON NEGATIVE BY 2030 that were a decade or two ahead. of all companies and individuals, and
- HAVE YOU MET THAT TARGET AND WHAT
"The more intelligence HAPPENED FOR YOU TO ACHIEVE IT? Our company’s pledge triggered a wave
of people within Microsoft who leaned
we think about electricity, the Cloud,
Artificial Intelligence and Quantum
we can build into the We not only met the target, but we
met it faster than we thought, and
in on the issue. We extended the scope
Computing in the same way. They are
utilities and we want to create a level
energy system, the more more importantly, helped others along
to include not only electricity and direct
emissions, but our entire supply chain
playing field around them that allows

resilient it becomes.” the way to achieve similar goals. We

made a commitment by setting a
- from software design to procuring
components for our data centres. We
others to come in, innovate and drive
efficiencies - be it in transportation,
bold vision - clarifying it and making it food production or medicine. No one
met the target initially by leveraging
both measurable and close enough to goes to the doctor and thinks I'm
what we already had, largely low-cost technologies we knew would be crucial the grid, what was being dispatched,
force immediate action. And to ensure thankful for Microsoft, but we are
wind and solar, and accelerating what for the success of this next stage of what resources were available. Today,
impact beyond our own operations, working with the backbone of these
we knew worked. We executed almost energy transition. with the creation of deep models of
we launched the Microsoft Cloud for different industry systems - which are
six Gigawatts of net new renewables in grid operations, we're able to better
Sustainability that was designed to help often very complex - so they become
only the first year. We also established WHAT KINDS OF INNOVATIONS HAVE measure energy supply and demand
companies measure, understand and intelligent. It means they operate more
a billion-dollar Climate Innovation Fund YOU DEVELOPED AS PART OF YOUR NET across the grid, not just when it
take charge of their carbon emissions, productively; with precision, and their
which has continued to grow over the ZERO MISSION? dispatches, but also where it should be
set sustainability goals and take optimisation can facilitate, in medicine,
last decade. In this case, what helped best located for the fewest emissions.
measurable action. Microsoft’s other We needed to become more intelligent for example, a much better decision
was that the renewable energy market It means we can better orchestrate and
leaders and I all accepted personal in terms of how we operate. Through making and diagnoses process.
is far more distributed - so you can optimise across our entire operation.
responsibility for meeting the zero- be a smaller company and still bring new hardware, technology and software
The great thing about more intelligent
carbon goal; we knew that we could innovation. Today, innovation scales we've accomplished, for example,
still be around in 2030 to see if it had longer duration storage. In 2020, we
WITH ENERGY DEMAND GROWING FROM systems is that they are also more
faster and is easier to do than when the CLOUD SERVICES, WHAT STEPS HAVE resilient. If you orchestrate everything
worked, to witness the achievement, market was dominated by fossil fuels. didn't have a battery that could run cost
effectively for 150 hours; it was probably
MICROSOFT TAKEN TO ENSURE A RELIABLE well together it also becomes safer and
and here we are.
Going forward, we know we will run more like two to four hours. To help
ENERGY SUPPLY WHILE REDUCING more secure - even if individual devices
In the years leading to 2020, there was into challenges - particularly with
EMISSIONS FROM SUCH SERVICES? fail, the whole system does not as it isn't
to balance grid operations for longer
a massive shift in the business world There used to be a real fear that the dependent on just one device. So, in a
intermittency issues from all the zero durations when we lacked wind and
regarding zero carbon commitments. Cloud would just gobble up all the world's power grid, for example, now that we
carbon resources we're putting on the solar generation, we have developed
Before then, few companies had given electricity. It hasn’t happened, primarily understand the systems better, we can
grid. These resources must be more better batteries.
much attention to the subject, but it soon because we've been able to leverage prevent cyber-attacks, as we can isolate
balanced and better integrated - this
became a core priority, and this resulted We have also created a smarter grid. the infrastructure which supplies the different parts of the grid. If you are
requires new software, more intelligent
in a tidal wave of companies making A decade ago, there was a lot of talk data much more efficiently. Previously, concerned about a particular power plant
grid operations, greater volumes
similar commitments. These pledges about smart grids, but really there workloads deployed in the Cloud staying online, then you just don't have a
of storage and new technologies.
continued to outpace regulations - as was nothing smart about them. We were migrating from far less efficient resilient system.
Fortunately, we invested early in start-up
governments were focused on 2040 or companies to develop some of these couldn’t see what was happening on environments - enterprise data centres

“In 2030, we are

leading the energy
transition by
driving different
thinking and
innovation, and by
listening to what
our customers
need and want
from us.”
JOANNE FOX
ENERGY EXECUTIVE, PEOPLE &
CULTURE
AGL

The tipping point for this mass uptake that’s occurred; it was simply a matter However, renewable energy use in
of solar was cost. The solar sector of turning up the dial to maximum and certain sectors is still a challenge.
Chris McGrath quickly evolved from being a project
by project, custom engineered,
mobilising the industry behind the task at
hand. Today, the ability to buy and deploy
The aviation industry, for example,
has seen some traction with different
power station type industry to mass solar power - and the whole ecosystem pathways to electro-fuels made
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER industrialisation through factories and platforms to support this - have been from clean electricity or hydrogen,
5B AUSTRALIA dotted around the world and located built around technology. meaning battery-based aviation is
in places that are most efficient for more prevalent. But it does not quite
them to scale and produce ultra-low- The geopolitics of the solar industry solve for everything: while deployment
cost outcomes. has also changed - and this was largely has been cracked, the downstream
supply chain driven. Back in 2021, 90% integration side of the equation remains
One such place is Australia. Here, solar has of the world’s solar modules came from a challenge - that’s the next frontier.
helped to tip the energy balance and today China. Now, there is a more balanced
green energy is the driving force behind and integrated supply chain as opposed
the economy. The country has gone from to one that’s overly saturated in certain

“The solar tipping being a net exporter of dirty fossil fuels

and a net importer of oil for transportation
locations. Greater levels of automation
have meant that solar production is no
point - we just had to to sustaining its own energy supply.
Australia also exports many minerals
longer concentrated in those countries
with lower cost labour.
turn up the dial..” needed for renewable energy, supporting
The only remaining constraint for the
net zero goals all over the world.
solar industry is how to best maximise
Where we have seen mass uptake of this infinite amount of low cost, clean
solar, it has been facilitated by digitisation. power for use further downstream.
You can now buy solar farms online in the We have seen an almost complete
way people used to buy books. Digital transformation of transportation
has facilitated how solar projects are to electric over the last ten years.
financed and approved and how councils, The grid is now almost 100 percent
government and utilities interact with clean electricity. Even big industries
those projects. Previously it was a slow, like aluminium smelting and steel
bespoke exercise to buy and procure production are using green electricity
solar power - it would take months, if and increasing hydrogen production
not years of buying cycles. Technology to support this trend.
In 2030, we are celebrating the Solar’s success has been driven by
did not have to drive the transformation
incredible success of solar energy. the obvious opportunity. Back in 2021
Its growth has surprised everyone. we already knew that we had the
Solar PV1 is not only the lowest cost technology required to do what we
form of new electricity generation but needed to do - we just had to get it out Chris McGrath’s strong focus on developing cutting-edge technology
is now, by far, the cheapest energy there at scale. There was no shortage of that reduces the cost of renewable energy led to the start-up of 5B which
source. It has transformed the energy land, of solar irradiance, of sand to refine has since grown to a global organisation, based on award-winning
sector through its massive uptake. into silicon for the solar arrays. technology. 5B has reinvented the solar supply chain to simplify how
projects are delivered, with fewer materials, lightning-fast deployment
All that was needed was pure and streamlined logistics.
industrialisation to further deploy and
integrate solar into our energy system. After graduating with 1st class honours in Renewable Energy
The role of energy storage in solar Engineering, Chris designed and installed a micro-hydropower system
generation has also been significant for a remote Vanuatu village, founded ‘Solar Fields’ and worked at Infigen
and is integrated into almost every Energy as Development Manager, before co-founding 5B.
solar system you see. Chris is an avid explorer of the natural world, a tech diver, a rock climber
and enjoys a good adventure with great friends.

1 Solar PV or Photovoltaics is the direct conversion of light primarily from sunshine into electric power using semiconducting materials such as silicon.

Lithium is enabling an energy using the batteries as part of the Innovation in the operating and the

Chris Reed
revolution. You combine that battery strengthening mechanism for the frame safety systems, utilising things like
power with renewable energy, and you of the car and because the battery Bluetooth, wireless and satellite, has
become your own generator; you’ve is utilised in this way, it also means made us all super connected and safer.
decentralised the power grid so you can that EV’s are safer to drive in terms Services provided by NRMA, RAV etc.
MANAGING DIRECTOR
harvest sunlight during the day, store it, of impact. The industry had to take just aren’t required for anything more
NEOMETALS and use it for mobility when you need some pain because we needed to get than flat tires now. The ability to not have
to. A key development this decade in batteries into cars - they needed to last to own a car but to summon a car on
this area has been around households longer. Ultimately there was a massive demand is also fantastic.
selling excess decentralised power on net benefit; we’ve been able to lower
peak days to the utility generator which the pay-off from seven years down to Now, in 2030, we are recycling 100%
can be credited or given back to the two years on a carbon balance in EV’s of the world’s batteries to generate -
household during the night. versus internal combustion. 10% of what is needed to make new
batteries and it’s improving all the time.
In Australia, our primary energy mix New regulations have tightened the By 2040 or 2050 we should be close
is working well in terms of supporting requirements on what is mandatory to self-sufficiency. Our industry today
current EV adoption and EV architecture. recycling in many jurisdictions. There is much more mature about working
We can charge off our own domestic is more electronic waste recycling, collaboratively so everyone gets the
infrastructure with no problems for the more carbon efficient recycling, carbon value they want. Consumers not only get
“Using Lithium, we have grid operators or energy traders. labelling, regulated recoveries and
minimum use of recycled content.
a cost benefit - better value for money -
but also a sustainable benefit too.
stored enough energy Europe’s push towards climate change
mitigation can be seen as a lead indicator
Stakeholders want to see more

in a small space to domestically. Widespread EV adoption

transparency on sustainability of
companies and their supply chains.
Chris Reed started in the mining
transform mobility.” and climate commitments have been
slower in Australia. However, changes
Over the last decade, we have had
to fundamentally change how we’ve industry in 1990 and co-founded
in the market, particularly as they relate approached processing minerals and Reed Resources in 2001 (now
to technology raw materials, are being looking at it more holistically. What are Neometals Ltd). Chris holds a
felt strongly. Raw material demand and our tailings like? What are the least Bachelor of Commerce from
The element lithium is essentially a
prices have gone up and reset the dial green processes? What and where are the University of Notre Dame
portable energy enabler - once you’ve and a Graduate Certificate
in our industry. It has changed from we emitting - we realised that you really
got a portable store of electricity, scrimping and saving - trying to maximise in Mineral Economics from
can’t manage what you can’t measure.
you can then use energy much more recoveries - to investing in more WA School of Mines. He is a
efficiently. Lithium is the lightest, environmentally sustainable processes, It was a big challenge though - the battery Member of the AusIMM and
most reactive element in the periodic acids, neutralising tailings and capturing minerals supply chain is very large and immediate past Vice-President
table - it was lithium batteries which emissions. We’ve responded to what long - from mining lithium, nickel or of the Association of Mining &
enabled mobile phones to become the market wants, which is a much more cobalt in Australia or China to chemicals Exploration Companies.
irreplaceable - it enabled the energy carbon and environmentally conscious production in Europe or North America or
they stored to be placed in a compact minerals processing industry. Asia. Neometals has been able to develop
space and now it is doing the same for a recycling process which basically
mobility. At the start of last decade, Previously, internal combustion engine enables you to regenerate those materials
we saw every major car company vehicles had a far smaller carbon because they’ve already been mined and
footprint than electric cars during the used once. We can’t sell a product into the
commence investing in Electric
production phase due to the materials supply chain today unless we know the
Vehicles (EVs) and today, the internal
and minerals used to create the carbon footprint, because the car makers
combustion engine represents the
chemicals for EV batteries. OEM’s must also declare it, as must the battery
minority in new fleets. This fleet
were attempting to retrofit a lot of cell makers. The provenance of everything
transformation accelerated as battery
their existing vehicle platforms but the in that car is verified in a digital certificate
ranges improved - a typical range
battery packs were hard to access at right back to the point of origin testifying
is now supported by around 75 end of life and recycle. Cars are now
kilowatt hours of storage capacity per and attesting to its ethical, environmental
designed to be much easier to recycle and sustainability credentials. This is also
car, capable of running an average and batteries more easily replaced. The forcing minimum amounts of recycled
household for a couple of days. big EV car companies are, for example, product in the cars.

were fundamental in the uptake of WHAT IMPACT HAS TECHNOLOGY AND DATA IF YOU WERE A START-UP FOUNDER IN
large-scale renewables, it has been HAD ON THE ENERGY SECTOR OF 2030? 2030, WHERE DO YOU SEE THE GREATEST
Dan Adams this better value of renewable energy
- cheaper power prices - which has
The green transition is primarily enabled
OPPORTUNITY OVER THE NEXT 10 YEARS
- TO 2040 AND BEYOND?
by technology. It is not only about
facilitated the conversion of consumers
COFOUNDER AND CO-CEO to greener energy.
investment in large scale batteries, for Ten years ago, the energy start-up
example, but is also being driven by landscape in Australia was nascent but
AMBER ELECTRIC software and more intelligent use of it has evolved as new investors have
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT CONSIDERATIONS existing devices in the home. Giving come into the market. More capital is
CONSUMERS HAVE ABOUT THEIR ENERGY consumers the tools and technologies available that has allowed new start-
PROVIDER TODAY IN 2030? to shift their usage to those periods of ups to scale. Australia has been leading
Through Amber Electric we pioneered the day when cheaper renewables are the renewable transition globally,
a different electricity retail model in available has been an effective way of particularly in distributed energy through
Australia. We give consumers direct both integrating renewables into the rooftop solar and household batteries.
access to real-time wholesale electricity grid while making the market much It is the ideal test market to develop
prices, which incentivises them to use more flexible and resilient. Flexibility has the technologies of the new energy

“Consumers have cheaper renewable power when it’s

available. The traditional retail power
always been valuable in the electricity
market. Previously it was flexibility in
future, like hydrogen, which can then
be exported all around the world. This,
embraced renewables model was not doing this - consumers terms of large scale dispatchable coal combined with the growing availability
and gas generators, but today it’s to of capital, has accelerated the start-up
- they can reduce their were always paying the same price,
whether cheaper renewables were do with the control and automation of ecosystem in Australia. This innovation

electricity bills while available or not. They trust us to

empower them to take advantage of
millions of devices in customers’ homes
- household batteries, electric vehicle
foundation continues to support
other opportunities, for example, in
supporting the energy the cheapest market prices. chargers, electric hot water systems, air transferring our energy technology
overseas. Amber and other smart device
conditioners and heaters.
transition.” In today’s market, companies like Amber companies have been using Australia as
have enabled consumers to be the The consumer is still in control - we just a technology training ground, improving
driving force in the renewable transition provide them with the tools to help them technology, and then licensing and
Dan Adams is the Cofounder via millions of smart connected devices. use their devices more intelligently. selling that technology overseas.
and Co-CEO of Amber Electric. We have enabled our customers to We allow customers to tell us the
Dan is focused on shifting move a major part of their energy constraints of how they want their The other big opportunity is in the
Australia to 100% renewable consumption to periods of the day devices used; we then automate and automation of smart devices in the
energy in a way that creates when power generation is primarily optimise within those boundaries. For home. This is helping to integrate
value for customers. Prior to renewable and therefore cheaper; this example, we will enable a customer to renewables into the grid and new
Amber, Dan worked for Tesla has facilitated the closure of most coal plug in their electric vehicle at 8:00pm business models are being developed
where he developed the South fired power stations. The coordination, and tell the Amber App “I’d like my to enable it. Up to now, energy business
Australian Virtual Power Plant orchestration, and automation of all electric vehicle charged by 8:00am models were built around utilities trying
and the Boston Consulting HOW HAS THE CONSUMER AFFECTED THE energy retailers they deal with or the type these devices searches out the most tomorrow morning”.The app will to match their retail book with more
Group where he advised PUSH FOR GREEN ENERGY OVER THE PAST of smart devices they purchase for their value for customers and supports the automatically charge the car at 2:00am flexible supply. In the new world, the
electricity companies on the DECADE TO 2030? homes. This is particularly true regarding transition to renewables. There are when, say, cheaper wind power is focus is all about the consumer – how
future of energy. Dan was also the younger generation. a wide range of smart devices out available, rather than at 8:00pm when can we help customers use the flexibility
the Victorian Young Australian The consumer has played a critical role of devices in their home to best access
there, so we also integrate with other power is perhaps being generated by
of the Year for his work founding in driving the energy transition towards In Australia, government policy renewable power when it’s available. To
technology companies to create a more expensive natural gas power
the Make Poverty History renewables. As they became more continues to play catch up with the be honest if a business hasn’t already
seamless experience for customers. By stations. Of course, the consumer can
concert in Australia. concerned about the environment consumer regarding the energy realised that it’s probably too late.
becoming a trusted partner and helping also override the algorithm and still
and climate change, they sought out transition. In the early 2020’s, when customers navigate this complex world charge their car whenever they like.
more sustainable solutions and this we reached a point of cost advantage of renewable energy, we help users
has been accelerated by the falling for renewables against more traditional participate in and progress the energy
cost of distributed energy technology fuels like coal and gas, a rush of new transition while reducing their own
including solar, batteries and electric businesses appeared to be focusing on electricity bills simultaneously - it’s a
vehicles. Today, consumers are also more securing more value for the consumer. win-win.
circumspect regarding the decisions they While some state government policies
make, for example, about what kinds of that came about in the early 2020’s

more of an individual choice. Their power

WHAT IS THE PRIMARY CONCERN FOR Innes Willox was appointed
generation is cheaper; there are more
BUSINESSES GOING FORWARD IN 2030 – IN Chief Executive of the Australian
choices of types of renewable generation
TERMS OF THE FUTURE ENERGY SYSTEM? Industry Group in May 2012. He
and technologies, such as batteries, and
inverters are allowing them to better It has always been a challenge for joined Ai Group in 2008. Prior
manage and customise what they need industry and policy makers to move to joining Ai Group he worked
or don’t need. So rather than talking simultaneously in the same direction over as a diplomat, journalist and in
about people going off grid, we now talk any issue, and the energy transition is the private sector in Australia,
about more people being on grid. no different. The challenge for business Asia and the United States. He is
is to make sure that in considering those also Deputy Chair of Australian
For heavier energy consumers like steel, differences - and the speed and trajectory Super and Chairman of the
aluminium or car manufacturers, the pace with which they are being considered Migration Council of Australia.
of change has been slower. Despite their by different nations and states -
journey towards, for example, greener conversations remain harmonious and
steel or aluminium and advances in further tensions are not created. The
production processes, these sectors are worst of the climate wars are hopefully
still reliant on traditional energy supplies, behind us; the major political parties are
particularly natural gas. One of the biggest on board and, while there are elements
issues they’ve had to deal with to date that could go faster or things that
is improving their energy efficiency and could be done differently politically, the
trying to overturn long held processes and conversation is today a fundamentally
practices. These industries have also been different one to what it was a decade ago.
targeted by many countries who followed After a lot of work, there’s much better
the European Union, introducing carbon collaboration on the overall goals of the
border adjustment tariffs, which has new energy system.
put them under more pressure to adapt
AS AN ORGANISATION THAT REPRESENTS Accompanying this shift in government Going forward, the energy focus of
their energy management to become
ENERGY USERS – WHERE DO YOU SEE THE and business focus has been an attitude the business world is switching from
Innes Willox MAJOR INDUSTRY CHANGES OVER THE
LAST DECADE?
change in society, not just around
sustainability, but also in the view of
greener faster.

If the pace of change is now picking

achieving net zero to becoming fully
carbon neutral or carbon positive
energy technology. Because storage up in these hard to abate sectors. It - going beyond achieving net zero
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER For the past twenty years, energy
capability and capacity are now at is not only due to stricter regulations; carbon emissions and towards deeper
businesses generally have known they
the levels required to support further their customers are demanding more
AUSTRALIA INDUSTRY GROUP needed to change but it was complicated environmental benefits from energy
technological change, it can support sustainable practices too. It means efficiencies and/or emission reductions.
(AI GROUP) by a lack of investment certainty in
stronger demand for energy technology that, in heavier industries, energy Even if we are still some way off this
the sector. Over the past decade, a
- everyone wants and can now have the consumption conversations have shifted target - for example, economies like
growing government focus on climate
“Tesla” experience. So, while we’re not from the back to the front-office; today China are still stretching net zero targets
change issues has pushed clean energy
yet at net zero in 2030, we’re far closer to it’s at the top of all business agendas out to 2060 - much of the international
development, energy technology and
it than we were a decade ago. including at the Board and C suite level. community is, at least, fast tracking
reducing emissions to the forefront of
It also means that any new business net zero goals. There is optimism we
policy making.
WHAT DOES THIS ENERGY LANDSCAPE needs to be net zero from the start. will eventually get to a carbon positive
Today, investment in the energy LOOK LIKE FOR INDUSTRY AND BUSINESSES situation - even if it is only around 2070.
"The business transition sectors is growing - supported IN 2030? The discussion now is not whether we go

conversation is by clear government guidelines and

regulations. The sheer pace of change
The individual energy user and smaller
there, it’s how we get there, and that is a
much better place to be.
fundamentally in energy technology development
has also been striking. There are more
businesses have driven the biggest
changes in the energy system so far; the
different to a decade electric vehicles, increased energy
transformation in heavy industry has yet
to come - but we should see this over this
ago - it’s not whether storage and the advancement of
hydrogen solutions - and all have driven
next decade to 2040. Most households
and smaller businesses are now at the
we go there but how a huge reduction in heavy industry
emissions in industries like agriculture,
point where the scale of renewable

we get there...” transportation and construction.

power generation and battery technology
is enabling energy consumption to be

WHAT HAS THE MINING SECTOR DONE OVER

Jason Chang “Demand for the minerals required for the future is just massive - THE PAST DECADE TO MITIGATE SOME OF
THESE CHALLENGES?
and the world has underinvested in them so far...” Capital flows best to those companies
CO-FOUNDER AND CHIEF demonstrating strong ESG principles
EXECUTIVE OFFICER and best practice behaviours. Mining
The mining sector remains regulations have tightened but
EMR CAPITAL WHAT ROLE HAS MINING PLAYED IN THE
TRANSITION TOWARDS NET ZERO? underinvested, and the rate of mining companies themselves were
investment needs to be accelerated. already putting in place stronger ESG
Mining has played a pivotal role in this Today more than 50% of the new procedures and mines are being run with
transition as the new energy system is vehicle fleet is electric - but a lot of sustainability and community in mind.
based on certain critical minerals and investment was needed in the mining For example, track and trace processes
metals such as copper, cobalt, nickel, sector to get us here. Where there are now common, showing where and
lithium, as well as zinc and a few others. has been a rise in investment over the how minerals are sourced. In our former
Also, with a very clear motivation from last decade, a large portion has been gold and silver operation in Indonesia,
Jason Chang is the Co-Founder governments to decarbonise the energy driven by private capital. The appetite 70% of the employees were from local
and Chief Executive Officer of system, and momentum from net zero from investors for the opportunities villages; working and supporting such
EMR Capital, a global mining targets signed by many countries and in mining during this energy transition communities has always been a key
private equity firm with more companies, the mining industry is now has been large. It was replicated to a mantra of the mining sector, but it is
than US$5bn of assets under underpinned by a new wave of demand certain extent in the public sector too, now part of global regulation. In one
management. EMR Capital and investment. Finally, the sector itself, but it has been private capital which has of our mining operations in regional
currently owns and operates as a big consumer of energy, has made driven the change. Queensland, that statistic is replicated
mines globally including mines immense strides in decarbonising and where more than 70% of the workforce
in Australia, USA, UK, Spain becoming more energy efficient. Geopolitics is another big concern
live in the adjacent town. Today in
and Zambia. as there are ongoing tensions and their operations. Mining companies - a lot can go wrong as supply chains
2030, most mining companies have
Prior to EMR Capital, Jason heightened security risks everywhere. have also formed partnerships with are very precarious and it takes a long
WHAT ARE SOME OF THE CHALLENGES THE outstanding ESG credentials.
So, it's a question of how we can technology companies to secure better time to go from a greenfield site to a
was Partner in Charge of KPMG MINING SECTOR HAS EXPERIENCED OVER
work better with the countries and Focus and direction from leadership access to the technologies driving their producing copper mine - seven to ten
Australia’s Asia Practice which THE LAST DECADE?
focusses on investment and corporations we are doing business has also facilitated putting ESG at the operations. As demand for minerals and years minimum. Stricter regulations
Successfully exploring for and producing with. We wouldn't invest or operate centre of mining operations today - a metals has increased, these technology around permitting were also a delaying
trade between Australia and
these critical minerals has become more in a country, for example, or a location successful operation is based on trust partnerships have supported higher factor and it pushed costs up. Now that
Asian economies in the energy
challenging. As the mining sector played where we weren't confident there was and strong ESG principles. Engaging valuations in mining; as not only was mining plays a more critical role in the
and natural resources sector.
more of a central role in our energy appropriate regulation, policy or rule with communities, for example, requires the sector underinvested, but it was global energy system and we needed to
Jason was President of the system, and supply chains have become of law. It will always be an issue - it’s also undervalued. Governments and ensure a stable supply of these critical
a big team of people, good policies and
Australia China Business longer and more complex, supply and very difficult to find copper resources businesses have also learnt lessons minerals, a lot of patience, effort and
good execution, but leadership is what
Council’s Victorian Branch from demand patterns for key commodities in a mature country with good from the COVID-19 crisis where the working together has created a sector
makes it work. The results then speak
2008 to 2015. are now more volatile. We are already infrastructure, so the questions will mining sector has played an important where operations are working more cost
for themselves, we see successful
seeing big supply constraints - demand always be - how do we do this better? communities, mine workers and their role. It taught us not to outsource effectively and efficiently.
Jason graduated with a Masters
for copper, for example, has more than How do we collaborate better? How do families all flourishing and prospering everything - meaning there has been a
of Law and Bachelor of Laws
doubled over the past decade, and now we work with different governments lot of focus over the past ten years on Australia, today, is becoming a
/ Economics from Monash alongside the mining operators and
it's even more scarce. As the global so we can get access to resources in developing new mines, new processing superpower as it has some of the
University, Australia, and is investors, through establishment of
car fleet switches to electric, demand places which perhaps investors are and mining technology and establishing world's largest resources of the
admitted as a Barrister and better infrastructure, new schools,
for cobalt has also rapidly increased. not that familiar with? Newer markets new raw material supply chains for commodities and critical minerals
Solicitor of the Supreme Court training, better medical care, or even
Though global demand is increasing, provide a lot of opportunities and we domestic use as well as for exports. needed for this energy transition.
of Victoria, Australia. just the availability of clean water.
ore grades are decreasing, meaning still need to work better with them Cobalt, nickel, and lithium all make
these commodities are harder to extract, to meet the supply needs of this We have also seen more vertical Public and private sector collaboration up a bigger part of Australian exports
increasing their cost of exploration and energy transition. integration between sectors dominant is making the energy transition easier today, along with its more traditional
production. How we mine better, faster, in this new energy transition - this has in mining. There has been a lot of commodities like iron ore, copper, gold
and more efficiently is arguably a bigger increased competition and lowered collaboration across government and and metallurgical coal - growing global
challenge in 2030. costs. Earlier this decade, electric businesses, and across different regions demand for minerals and mining is very
car companies were already moving and newer supply chains. Initially, this good news indeed for Australia.
into mining to secure supplies for all meant that business slowed down

“In 2030 energy and

climate policy is no
longer a cultural or
tribal signifier, so it has
become less political
with everyone rowing
in the same direction
for a decarbonised,
efficient, reliable,
and cost-effective
energy system.”
AUDREY ZIBELMAN
VICE PRESIDENT
X, THE MOONSHOT FACTORY

or supplements the loss of income from

selling them electricity. Non-cannibalistic
Jemma Green “Blockchain technology is building the trust needed means targeting new markets, so, for

in this new energy world.” example, setting up in parts of Australia

where you didn’t operate before, like
CO-FOUNDER AND regional areas. Those who have chosen
EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN WHAT ARE THE KEY TECHNOLOGIES energy mix from a variety of sources innovation are succeeding.

Powerledger THAT HAVE TRANSFORMED THE ENERGY such as solar farms, wind, biogas and
LANDSCAPE OVER THE PAST DECADE AND P2P with their neighbours – they can HOW HAS THE ENERGY CONSUMER CHANGED?
WHAT DO YOU THINK HAVE BEEN SOME OF choose the certified source and origin
Under the old model, the customer was
THE KEY DRIVERS? of the energy purchased. Trust will be
more of a passive recipient of energy,
of increased importance in this new
Our company Powerledger was just buying what the utilities sold. Over
energy world - people want to know they
built on a clean energy vision. We the past decade customers have been
are getting the specific things they are
have developed an energy and engaged in the subject of energy in a
purchasing and supporting.
After completing a business flexibility trading platform that allows more personal way, to identify what
degree majoring in finance at households, organisations, and the matters to them with the goal of better
Murdoch University, Perth, grid itself, to trade with each other. In WHAT HAVE BEEN THE KEY STEPS OF THE targeting products and services.
Dr. Jemma Green moved to 2030, we are much closer to having POWER MARKET EVOLUTION TO 2030?
predominantly clean energy in a system It has been interesting for me to see
London where she worked It is key to understand that the energy
that works for everyone, with many renewable energy households and
in banking including at J.P. transition was not just a matter of
communities emerging and becoming
Morgan, where she oversaw a people having access to electricity swapping coal or gas for solar and more active market participants. They now
geographically dispersed team generated in large part via local, low- battery systems. Energy is not think, “shall I connect my energy system
of 25 to implement software cost, stable and clean energy sources. like cocoa beans. The system has to a platform that allows me to access
development for deal and risk This electricity is delivered through the moved from centralised planning and many market opportunities?" Customers
capture in exotic and hybrid main grid, meaning the market is now centralised pricing to this decentralised may have different energy suppliers for
equity derivatives. both distributed and decentralised. hyper local market signalling, which their electric vehicles (EVs) and for their
regulatory changes. Back in 2021, the
Jemma was also involved with As the market has changed, the role of
balances local energy supply and WHAT DOES THE UTILITY OR RETAILER OF houses, so they think, "shall I charge my
demand and reduces the need for 2030 LOOK LIKE? grid was not set up to deal with the large
setting up J.P. Morgan’s Global technology has become increasingly EV tonight as there’s a high price event
more costly upgrades to the grid. influx of power coming into it from rooftop
Environmental Risk office which important. New technologies were New players have entered the energy coming and that can pay for my dinner at
solar. At that time, the Australian Electricity
was launched in 2007. Jemma needed to better enable renewable market - cities, new utilities and a "restaurant?" Consumers may invest in a
Looking back, the first part of the energy Regulator was even recommending
has also completed two post- energy trading, renewable asset corporates like shopping centres, large battery system to allow them to play
transition was around energy self- bringing in charges for this excess
grad diplomas and a Masters financing and more efficient carbon and supermarkets, and hardware stores. energy markets like investing in the stock
supply from solar and then batteries electricity to help the grid cope. Utilities
at Cambridge University in renewable energy certificate and credit Incumbents still exist but they are market. They watch the price of electricity
and the move to microgrids. Here in started their flight from the market by
sustainability and completed markets. New technologies also allowed seeing immense competition from new like they watch the price of Bitcoin, with
Australia, everything changed in 2025 divesting or separating old energy assets
a PhD in electricity market individual consumers and organisations commercial and business models from settlements happening in real-time.
with the rollout of two-sided markets from new and demerging.
disruption at Curtin University. to participate in wider market supply for Consumers make choices like this about
and adoption of new regulations. By the big technology companies which
Since co-founding the energy, ancillary and network services, The rest chose innovation – and there energy all the time today.
2030 we have a fully-fledged two-sided typically have a large customer base.
Powerledger venture, Jemma as well as on the demand side. At the beginning of this decade, they are broadly two types: cannibalistic and
market where households are paid This has however, generated a greater
has overseen the development were already offering things like credit non-cannibalistic. Cannibalistic innovation
variable rates for their energy based on need for managing customer privacy.
of numerous software projects From my perspective, the major driver is where you cannibalise your own market
the value they provide to the grid or the cards, insurance and other services, so There are exceptionally large volumes
that integrate blockchain has been the emergence of two- share, because if you don’t, someone
wholesale electricity market. it was a natural next step for big tech to of data being generated and it needs to
technology in software for sided energy markets and the need else will. So, if I am a retailer, I offer
become power retailers. be protected. What we are seeing is a
distributed energy markets. for efficient and transparent markets So in 2030, we have a more flexible, customers solar panels and batteries whole new electrical world of energy
and operating systems, supported by independent, and more automated Existing market incumbents had three before someone else does, even if it emerging - a root and branch market
technologies that seamlessly connect energy system which consists of many choices as they lost market share and their means I sell that customer less electricity, change - and it needs to be managed
buyers and sellers and authenticates and microgrids and local energy markets margins were squeezed - they could fight, and I make margin on the sale of the seamlessly, securely and efficiently.
settles transactions. The Powerledger within the grids. This has meant less flight or innovate. Some fought against solar and battery system, which offsets This will be a key focus area as the
system uses blockchain technology autonomy for the big utilities as any industry continues its evolution.
to certify the origin and source of household or business can connect
renewable energy. As an example, to and trade directly with wholesale
households can choose their own electricity markets and be paid for it.

This increased the depth of the pool divergent thinking from engineering from onboarding right through to
of candidates with specialist skills in and customer experience to ethical leadership development. We no longer
Joanne Fox Australia and significantly improved our
ability to innovate and perform. Working
leadership. Our workplace is a safe and
thriving space for people who think
design our own bespoke leadership
programs because we do not need to -
differently means our people have much and work differently as they achieve we are more equipped to capture and use
EXECUTIVE, PEOPLE & CULTURE more control over when and where amazing results together. These new all the great work that is already out there.
AGL ENERGY they work, and our leaders are skilled skill sets and different capabilities are
Our organisation looks different today.
at knowing how to get the best out of also facilitating better networking and
people who work in distributed teams. results across our organisation. The old set up of big corporate offices
has morphed into smaller hubs -
COVID-19 also changed our focus on Over the past decade we have also been connecting people both outside the
health and wellbeing, in particular, mental able to transform core organisational company with technology leaders and
health. It has now been mainstreamed processes using different mindsets and stakeholders, and internally through
as part of the safety conversation and the technology. In doing so, there is clear hubs where our people and projects
mental health resources we have available communication on what is required and come together.
to our people are sophisticated and how it will be delivered. We recognise
Joanne Fox joined AGL in June This new, more flexible organisation
supported by a growing demand for them. that the pandemic as caused people
2019, following a successful with smaller working hubs has built on
to think long and hard about what they
career at Santos. The pace of change in the energy our employees’ sense of purpose and
want out of work and life. Our approach
With more than 25 years’ transition has also driven our has been to enable our employees to connection, ensuring as a business
experience, Joanne has a strong transformation as an organisation. We choose from a wide range of benefits we are offering the personalised
and diverse background leading have a greater focus on Research & which are tailored to their own unique experiences we know our customers
the Human Resources function Development (R&D) and a keen focus to life. As part of this, we connect earlier want. This understanding started
in large ASX100 companies improve stakeholder engagement. Our with people who are off-ramping for the with us taking care of our own people
in the oil and gas, FMCG and R&D is progressing as we bring people next stage in their life. This has delivered and coming together with the right
pharmaceutical industries. together who can provide clarity of what big benefits in attraction, retention and mindset - only then did the better
Joanne brings extensive In 2030, we are leading the energy The COVID-19 crisis meant we had to is required while managing relationships knowledge transfer, which allows many people experience and the customer
experience in capability and transition by driving different thinking deal with an increase in hybrid working; collaboratively. With thinking from many to stay working productively for longer. experience really come together.
culture development, succession and innovation, and by listening to its legacy is that most of our people are different disciplines, we have been able
management, talent development what our customers need and want now working far more flexibly to suit to achieve or exceed our commercial Our customers know we have embraced
and organisational design. from us. We engage people at work their lifestyles. We always believed that goals and at a rapid pace. change and as result we have become
by understanding what is important – the office was an important place for a key place for customers to get all their
Joanne holds a Graduate connecting people, building trust and Our approach to ESG issues has essential needs meet. We are focused on
whether it be meaning and purpose,
Certificate in Energy & Resources culture. Post-COVID-19, less time in the changed significantly. Over this decade providing choice and flexibility, enabling
flexibility, or the opportunity to be with
from University College of office meant we were more focused on there has been an expectation from our customers to get the best deals and
like-minded people working towards a boards, the public, and our customers
London, a Masters of Business making sure that when people were not remain connected. They know when
Administration from the common cause. We have changed our and employees to give more prominence
working face-to-face, there was planning they choose us they will receive genuine
University of South Australia and ways of working, taking advantage of to ESG and stakeholder engagement.
and time for both networking, knowledge and quality interactions, a wide range of
is a Graduate of the Australian new opportunities and having a highly This is a key topic for our people who
capture and information sharing. choice and flexibility and all to be found
Institute of Company Directors. inclusive working environment. We challenge the business to be agile and through seamless digital experiences.
have evolved our approach to talent The pandemic meant we had to look open to change, knowing that when they
development, training and leadership, closely at the employee experience speak up and offer these views they will Our leaders have become more effective
and place equal focus on the mental lifecycle. We transformed our approaches be listened to and supported. because they take the time to really
and physical health of our employees. to onboarding, developing and mentoring know and understand our people - they
“Our transformation Some of these changes came about
people with connection hubs in regional
centres and throughout the cities in
We have also built the digital
capabilities of the workforce - which
are skilled talent developers and connect
our people with meaning and purpose.
started with the because of the COVID-19 pandemic
of 2020-21, but it is also the result of
which we operate. We brought work back have supported our wider use
of artificial intelligence and data Training has changed due to the wider
to Australia by thinking differently about
understanding that our the pace and agility required to lead how we build mastery level capabilities visualisation tools. Our digital know- use of tools like augmented and virtual
the accelerated energy transition. It
customers and people has required different skillsets and
using international, online learning
communities and built global capabilities.
how mentoring program is bearing
fruit and is democratised to the point
reality. The days of everybody attending
a training course simultaneously and in
deserve the best.” approaches to relationship building. that our digital and data specialists
come from all walks of life, applying
person are over! Learning has become
more democratised and decentralised

for activities on the Moon and in space

John C. Mankins is President of Artemis Innovation Management Solutions generally. For example, how to you do big
John C. Mankins LLC and of Mankins Space Technology, Inc. and a Director of Solar Space
Technologies. He is Vice President of the Moon Village Association, and is
data processing in space - for instance,
block chain computing - or how do you
a Dean and Professor at the on-line Kepler Space Institute. support mining on the Moon? Also, you
DIRECTOR need to access cheap transportation
While at NASA and JPL, Mankins held numerous positions, including as
SOLAR SPACE TECHNOLOGIES Chief Technologist for Human Exploration and Development of Space throughout cislunar space, and for all of it
at NASA HQ, where he received the NASA Exceptional Technology you need vast amounts of cheap energy.
Achievement Medal. So, I think, the next “Great Game,” or
source of great power tensions, will
He holds a B.S. (HMC), an M.S. (UCLA) and an MBA (Claremont Graduate be centred on cislunar space and its
University). He is a member of the AAAS and the IAA. resources. No one can do anything
Mankins is known for writing the definitions of the Technology Readiness unless you can refuel, communicate and
Levels and as the world’s leading expert in the field of “Space Solar Power”. manufacture - and that all comes down to
affordable and abundant energy.

“Space power – the Over the past decade, solar power There have also been improvements in
sweet spot between has been a primary focus of space battery technologies used for energy

technology, efficiency, development and is the main reason

we are now able to deliver terrestrial
storage, especially cost reductions.
It is, however, taking a lot of time to
performance, energy from space. It has proven highly
complementary with traditional ground-
industrialise these technologies to
make them cost competitive and
and money.” based renewables. It has not only robust at large scale.
become cost competitive, but it also
mitigates the intermittency of renewable Space energy is unfortunately generating
energy on Earth as it has a dispatchable a lot of geopolitical tension. There was a
baseload, meaning the energy from first mover advantage in getting an orbital
space solar power stations can be slot and spectrum1 allocated for wireless
delivered when you want and where you power transmission for your system, so
want it. This means that today you can one satellite could power various cities
have that power fed into the local grid from one slot. Also, there are only so
near Sydney and tomorrow you can feed many geostationary slots, so you’ve got
into the local grid in Singapore. There is to get an orbital slot and you’ve got to get
Space energy - or specifically solar The success of space energy, up to
no other renewable energy option flexible spectrum allocated so that your system
power from space - has become a now, has depended on the lessons
enough to do that. Also, even if it is locally won't interfere with others (as there are
major consideration in 2030. There learnt from space exploration earlier in
overcast or raining, space solar power a multitude of spectrum users). Tensions
are three main drivers making space this decade. Back in 2021, we already
can still be delivered as clouds are almost have also grown concerning who owns
energy work today. The low cost of had clear examples of solutions that
transparent to the microwaves used to space solar systems and who is selling
launch, mass production of hardware were cost effective, achievable and
wirelessly transmit power back to Earth. power to whom.
and the urgent need to find more utilised simpler technologies. The use
solutions to climate change. An of reusable launch systems meant the As space energy gets cheaper, another
Space energy is not all simplicity
excellent place to produce space cost of getting into orbit was already source of geopolitical tension is on the
and flexibility, however. We have
90% cheaper than it was in previous horizon: cislunar space, i.e. activity on
based solar power is in middle seen the development of other new
decades. Affordable satellite networks and near Earth’s Moon. In this case,
Earth orbit - high enough so that and complementary technologies
were also being launched, offering low- tensions are less likely to be about
the spacecraft is in the sun all the including alternatives to magnetic-
cost internet access in remote locations energy production for use on Earth but
time, but not so high that the cost of confinement tokamak fusion and
at costs below fiber-based solutions. more about how to generate power
transmission becomes prohibitive. marginal improvements in solar arrays.
Today, we have modular hardware
launched on new, largely reusable
boosters as well as reliable and cost-
effective communications in space. 1 The entire electromagnetic spectrum around the earth orbits is used to observe and allow a variety of things. Radio waves and microwaves – the longest
wavelengths and lowest energies of light – are used by astronomers to look inside dense interstellar clouds and track the motion of cold, dark gas. The spectrum is
also being harnessed for other uses and increasingly being looked at for energy production.

the grid. So, we developed technology and

Justine Jarvinen “The energy transition has brought a tsunami of data regulations to allow control of the export
of power from sites. This means that the
– it’s like standing in front of a fire hydrant and trying output of someone’s rooftop solar PV and
battery can, when necessary, be directed
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER to drink.” by the government to stop grid congestion
UNSW ENERGY INSTITUTE and avoid emergencies such as major
blackouts. This needed open, yet secure,
cyber connections and robust physical
connections to the grid.

We have also seen a campaign to ensure

that standards continue to evolve. For
example, back in the early 2020s, most
WHAT IS THE MIX OF ENERGY IN THE MARKET PV electrolysis and electrolysis using inverters had passed the Australian
Justine Jarvinen (JJ) is CEO TODAY IN 2030 – HOW FAR ARE WE TOWARD seawater instead of fresh water. standards, but they were proving to be
of the UNSW Energy Institute. ACHIEVING NET ZERO? substandard just because of the new
She has a breadth of experience As the energy transition progresses and demands being placed upon them as a
across the entire energy As Australia’s energy transition continues is dominated by technology, there is result of being installed on an increasingly
value chain and has worked in to unfold, we have finally noticed that the increasing evidence of the technology complex grid.
operational, investment analyst, future of the energy sector is underpinned “haves” and “have nots”. Globally, millions the grid. It’s also being generated by Finally, we realised that increasingly we
strategy and advisory roles in by electricity - electrical machines and of people still have no access to electricity Standards have also had to evolve in
grid-scale inverters that connect solar were just flying blind. As we know with
Australia and the UK. power electronics. Over the past decade, and the COVID-19 pandemic of the early the consumer space. Companies have
and wind farms and so-called “big data, it’s not quantity but the quality that
we have been electrifying everything from 2020’s put a big dent in the ability to get to bundled other services with energy
batteries” to the grid. The speed of is important and it has taken time for
JJ is Chairman of energy vehicles and residences, to ports, airports, deals, such as the charging of electric
universal access. Some of that was eased response of inverter-connected devices electricity network companies and other
technology company and commercial facilities. There are areas vehicles. Also, new “virtual power plant”
by local solutions such as rooftop solar is less than a micro-second or even in energy services companies to extract
Wattwatchers, non-executive where Australia has been ahead of the rest operators traded differently, some trading
and home batteries, but there is still a big tens of nanoseconds. Over the past the insights from data. Only then could
director of ASX-listed Milton of the world in the energy transition, such for price, grid stability, or green energy
divergence in energy cost and availability decade, they have been the tipping point they offer better services and value for
Corporation, and non-executive as rooftop solar and battery uptake, but in consumption. New retail tariff designs
depending on where you live. Meanwhile on the grid, and we now have a system their customers.
director of Climate-KIC others, such as electric vehicle uptake, we were needed and the regulators had to
in Australia, it’s more a challenge of fuel dominated by inverter connected smart
Australia. She is a graduate have lagged. As we head into 2030 and The volume of data in this new energy determine what prices would apply within
poverty (that is, affordability) than access. devices all producing a tsunami of data.
of the Australian Institute of get nearer to the net zero target, we’re landscape has resulted in other community microgrids, in peer-to-peer
We are also aware of the need to protect
Company Directors, holds now panicking and asking if we can really The energy transition was unprecedented. considerations. The first is that consumers supply or locally generated supply.
vulnerable consumers from companies
a Bachelor of Engineering meet it. First, the system buffers we relied on needed to make sure they were in control
who are installing and managing their new
(Chemical) with First Class These new market issues - new
renewable power systems - making sure were disappearing. The buffer of gas of their own data and who had access to
Honours, and is a Fellow of Over the last decade progress was technologies, more industry convergence,
that they still get quality products and a storage in pipelines and gas reservoirs it, which presented new business models
the Financial Services Institute made in some of the newer net zero evolving standards, complex prices,
competitive deal in what is, sometimes, a that supported and complemented for companies to provide new data related
of Australia. energy technologies. To deal with the and the availability and reliability of
monopoly market sitting on your rooftop. electricity systems was dwindling, as gas services to consumers. The second is
intermittency of renewables, we now rely renewable generation (all operating in
fired power became relatively expensive that data - for optimising consumption,
on storage, not only traditional batteries an energy system needing open, yet
and consumers switched to electric for exporting energy to the grid, for billing
but longer duration storage, including flow WHAT ROLE IS DATA PLAYING IN CHANGING THE secure connections) - has been extremely
appliances. Coal-fired electricity was also - needs to be granular, real-time and not
batteries, hydrogen, hydro and pumped LANDSCAPE FOR BOTH THE CONSUMER AND THE complicated for the regulator to manage.
SUPPLIERS OF ENERGY? rapidly retired from the grid. behind proprietary walls.
hydro. We are now also considering To be honest, they are still trying to find a
technologies like nuclear - produced by In the early 2020’s, as our energy Then timescales were compressing, and path through.
smaller, cheaper modular reactors - and systems became more electrified, we the pace of data flow was dramatically HOW HAVE THESE CHANGES AFFECTED HOW
are seeing moves toward fossil-fuel increasing. It was coming in at such speed
ENERGY MARKETS ARE REGULATED TODAY?
saw exponential amounts of data being
independent vehicles, including solar- generated. This data is being created and scale, it was like standing in front of The nature of this new energy market
electric cars and fuel cell vehicles. For by smart meters, and by devices being a fire hydrant and trying to get a drink. needed new regulations and standards.
commercial transport, like trucks, where installed by consumers and businesses: We went from getting a few cumulative Today, in Australia, the job of the electricity
it’s been much harder to use battery rooftop solar inverters, household and readings of a household electricity system operator, to monitor and balance
electric vehicles, we’re trying to cost community battery inverters, EVs, and meter in a year to more than a hundred supply and demand, is incredibly complex
effectively produce hydrogen for use in systems that monitor and help to optimise thousands real-time energy-related with so many households and businesses
fuel cells - including from biomass, solar these devices with each other and with readings per day. and renewable energy sites connected to

HOW HAVE YOU BEEN ABLE TO PROTECT THE HOW HAS THE ENERGY TRANSITION DO YOU REMAIN OPTIMISTIC FOR THE
FUTURE OF ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA?
Lily D’Ambrosio “The new energy system has improved our way MORE VULNERABLE ENERGY CONSUMER? SUPPORTED THE ECONOMY IN THE STATE
OF VICTORIA? The impacts of climate change sent a
of life – we are healthier, prosperous and more We’ve always been focused on making
sure that the transition did not leave Energy investments like these have clear message to all world leaders and
MINISTER FOR ENERGY, community focused..” communities behind. We put in place been transformative - they have created state governments - they needed to pick
ENVIRONMENT AND tangible programs to support more thousands of local jobs. At the start of up the game. Today, in 2030, Australia is
this decade, we believed that our 50% no longer an energy transition laggard.
CLIMATE CHANGE The system is now different in three main
vulnerable energy users. For example,
We are now renewable energy leaders
AS YOU LOOK BACK FROM 2030, our Solar Homes program, which meant renewable electricity target would create
VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT WHAT STANDS OUT ABOUT THE ENERGY respects. First, it’s more decarbonised. people could get solar no matter their 24,000 jobs - but we’ve exceeded that by - particularly in solar, offshore wind and
TRANSITION? Here in Victoria, over 50% of our circumstances. The program meant that some measure. But this has not just been hydrogen. The urgency of responding
electricity comes from renewable energy solar panel installation could be done about creating new renewable megawatts to climate change has become shared
The key change in the last ten years is across all Australian governments - which
sources like solar and wind. We are with rebates from the state for half the or decarbonising the gas system - it has
that the energy transition has become was what we always needed to solve a
also well on the way to solving the next price of a new solar PV system, while also led to a range of new supply chain
democraticised. Communities have problem that impacted all of us.
energy challenge - decarbonising the consumers could pay the other half opportunities. Energy industry skills and
been at the heart of this energy system
The Hon. Lily D’Ambrosio MP natural gas system. Second, with more through a no-interest loan scheme. As a capabilities have existed in Victoria for many
transition and we, in government, have In Victoria, the transition has to adapt
is a member of the Australian distributed power generation from result, we’ve seen more than a million decades, but with a more targeted focus
made sure that no one was left behind. our existing skills for a different energy
Labor Party and has represented renewables, energy is cheaper and homes in Victoria installing solar panels on local content, we have transformed our
system. Today, we have terrific workforce
the electorate of Mill Park As the impacts of climate change more efficient. We’ve seen retail power on their roofs. This has been particularly energy supply chain to better support solar,
capabilities, whether it is in plumbing,
in the Victorian Legislative became more pronounced, we knew prices and power bills decline. Finally, important for the most vulnerable onshore and offshore wind industries and
power electronics, solar, hydrogen or
Assembly since 2002. In that communities and governments had we have been careful to make sure that consumers, who have become both the power electronics industries.
offshore wind.
2016 she became Minister to step up. Today, in the state of Victoria, consumers are protected. For example, beneficiaries of, and contributors to, the
energy companies need to inform their Today, Victoria is a training hub for new
for Energy, Environment and we have millions of citizens of all levels decarbonisation of the energy system. We are building something here that
customers whether they’re on the best energy technology investments across
Climate Change and Minister of income and household circumstances benefits all our communities and delivers
energy plan, how much the customer We’ve also made huge strides in the Asia Pacific region. We have invested
for Suburban Development, and who own and manage their own power prosperity. It’s not just about economic
could save by switching and all default improving energy efficiency in existing in more TAFE courses specialising in
on the return of the Andrews generation systems and range of smart wealth either; it’s about valuing every
plans need to offer competitive prices. housing stock. Back in 2020, we new energy technologies. As such,
Labor Government she was and efficient devices. member of our community, no matter
announced a $797 million household we have been able to grow an entire
appointed Minister for Energy, where they live. By investing both
energy package. As part of this, we ecosystem of new energy technology
Environment and Climate carefully and ambitiously, we have
upgraded and replaced older heating skills here in Victoria.
Change and Minister for communities today who can both
systems for 250,000 vulnerable
Solar Homes. Offshore wind has been a game changer. participate in and benefit from this new
householders, with a $1,000 rebate
Victoria already had good resources for energy system. We’ve come a long way,
Minister D’Ambrosio is a leader for low-income households to replace
onshore wind generation across the state. but there is still a lot of hard work to do.
in action on climate change, old heaters with modern split-system.
But over the last decade, wind farms
renewable energy and energy This meant houses were cooler in the
have been developed offshore, putting
efficiency in Australia. She summer and warmer during the winter
us amongst the top five offshore wind
is a leading advocate for a - and helped up use all the solar power
generators in the world.
modernised Australian energy being produced by households. We
system that facilitates a smooth also upgraded 35,000 social housing Victoria has also led the development
transition into a clean, reliable properties and established requirements of a new hydrogen industry. We had the
and affordable energy future. for landlords to keep rental properties at largest distributed gas network in the
a minimum energy efficiency standard. whole of Australia and were risking a huge
We continued improving the energy stranded asset as it became underutilized.
standard of new builds, which has Several pilot projects led the way, which
made the 2030 housing stock more blended renewable hydrogen with gas
comfortable and energy efficient than in the existing network - one particularly
anything we built before. successful one has been the Wodonga
or Hydrogen Park Murray Valley project,
which received early funding from
Australian Renewable Energy Agency.
We are continuing to increase the mix
of green hydrogen throughout gas
infrastructure today.

“Today, I think
there is more
of a mindset
that we are all
in this together,
all our actions
have an impact,
and we need to
collaborate
more to drive
real change.”
LYNNE GALLAGHER
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
ENERGY CONSUMERS
AUSTRALIA

to try new things, or wear cost or even business model for rooftop solar PV properties with higher energy efficiency
Lynne Gallagher is an economist/econometrician by qualification and inconvenience if they are persuaded which made the clean choice also the ratings, to no-interest loan schemes
has substantial experience in economic modelling and policy reform there is a bigger payoff for them and the affordable choice in the early part of for more energy efficient appliances
processes, including working with the Council of Australian Governments, community. the decade really provided the impetus and home retrofits, through to gifting
and in strategic issues management in the corporate sector. Her career has for us to begin the journey to net zero. programs which allow employees and
seen her spend 15 years in a technical environment, followed by 12 years It showed us where ‘demand pull’ can customers to donate funds to support
in practice and as an adviser. Prior to her appointment as ECA’s Director of
WHAT JOURNEY HAVE ENERGY SERVICE
PROVIDERS GONE THROUGH TO MEET THEIR take you. low-income households retrofit housing
Research, Lynne was Executive Director, Industry Development at Energy for greater energy efficiency. This has a
CUSTOMERS’ EXPECTATIONS IN 2030? And fortunately new, more
Networks Australia. Lynne brings to ECA strong insights, a strategic focus social impact - for example, supporting
and a consumer advocacy perspective which has been honed from her The old expectation in the energy sophisticated business models then people living in the poorest homes - as
work with network businesses, retailers and regulators. market was that if consumers wanted emerged which helped solve the it means that less of their discretionary
‘better’ they should really have to next set of challenges for consumers income is being sucked into simply
work for it by being ‘active’. Virtuous and the system: how to optimise heating or cooling their houses.
‘active’ consumers were expected to and coordinate millions of connected
LOOKING BACK AS WE ARE NOW IN 2030, maximise the value of technology that
shop around and switch in a complex devices; how to unlock discretionary
WHAT CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT CONSUMER might be physically situated in their
market where loyalty wasn’t necessarily energy use in the home and business to DO YOU SEE ANY OTHER BIG DISRUPTIONS
DRIVEN CHANGE IN THE ENERGY SECTOR home or business. This means they are
rewarded, or by changing their energy give the system the flexibility it needed
IN THE ENERGY MARKET IN 2030 FROM THE
OVER THE LAST TEN YEARS? rewarded as part of the wider distributed
to host high penetrations of intermittent
CONSUMER PERSPECTIVE?
behaviours even if they were deeply
energy system and their technology is
By 2030, the energy system has been embedded in daily routines that were renewables without compromising on There is a tendency to think about
managed in a way that doesn’t just meet
transformed by consumers from the largely fixed by practices around work, home comforts or business profitability; disruption in terms of the technology -
their own needs for home comfort or
bottom-up. What started with the commuting, school hours and other how to leverage the mobile energy ‘the shiny kit’ - as the game changer for
business profitability, but also creates
extraordinary consumer investment in social obligations. This of course was storage capability of electric vehicles the energy market. But in the same way
value for everyone.
rooftop solar was followed by a surge part of a construct which validated, while giving drivers the freedom to plug that even the experts were surprised by
in demand for storage, electric vehicles What we came to understand in the early quite explicitly, consumers being in and charge when they need to. the way the iPhone unlocked the sharing
and smart devices, all of which were 2020’s was that while many of us were penalised for being ‘inactive’ economy, I think we will be surprised by
increasingly embedded in services. able to use rooftop solar to dramatically or ‘passive’. HAS THERE BEEN A SHIFT IN PURCHASING the new interactions and services that
cut energy bills and clean up our own POWER TOWARDS THE CONSUMER AND evolve around these new technologies.
Companies that won the decade in By 2030, energy service providers
Lynne Gallagher this new environment understood
Australian household and small business
energy supply, many people - including
people on low incomes and renters, and
have realised that it is their job to do
the ‘active’ part for consumers who
WITH THAT OPPORTUNITY? HOW HAS THAT
MANIFESTED ITSELF IN THE MARKET IN 2030?
It’s easy to overlook how the household
not just as a taker of energy services but
those without a roof - were being left
consumers in all their diversity and may not have time or expertise to A consumer’s ‘energy dollar’ goes much as a producer and a market participant
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER shaped their services accordingly. This
behind by the energy transition.
devote to following the market or further in 2030 because smarter energy profoundly changes the way we think
ENERGY CONSUMERS was a paradigm shift from the winning
ARE CONSUMERS NOW SEEN AS ‘PARTNERS
optimising increasingly complex energy management technology and services in about what ‘home’ means. The daily
business models of earlier decades technologies and systems. the home and small business have given routines and social practices we take
AUSTRALIA which were all about understanding how IN CHANGE’ IN THE 2030 LANDSCAPE – AND them the fine-tuned control over their for granted - how and when we make
to leverage scale and efficiencies in a IF SO, WHY? The journey wasn’t without bumps energy use that they never had in the old breakfast, when we shower, where we
centralised supply chain to compete on in the road, with business models centralised, analogue, energy world. launder our clothes, when we gather
Consumers are seen as ‘partners in
price for a homogeneous commodity. emerging which promised savings or a as a family to watch a movie - have
change’ because the whole weight of
great customer experience but in time This new control, paired with a massive grown up around a particular model
the market and the place where value is
The energy services market in 2030 is failed to deliver. Empowered regulators uplift in the energy performance of our
created has shifted ‘behind the meter’ of electricity and gas enabled lighting,
very difficult to distinguish from markets employing a new, more agile, data- housing stock, means consumers have
into the home and small business heating, and appliances that might very
for other services, be that transport, driven model of consumer protection, been freed from the tyranny of leaky
“Consumers up-ended telecommunications, and online retailing
premises.
quickly identified bad behaviour and homes where comfort depended on
well be recast by different models of
ownership, production and relationships.
the energy system, or real estate searches, because they
are shaped by consumers needs for
The more progressive and forward-
looking parts of the energy sector
acted to prevent consumer detriment
and a general hit to confidence.
running the air conditioner full-bore in
summer and the heater full-bore in winter.
We have seen how energy services
evolved in the past decade as the impact
driven by expectations comfort, control and convenience. started to make this big switch in
In 2020, Australia was one of the few of the COVID-19 working from home
thinking in the early part of the decade,
of a better energy WHAT DOES THE CONSUMER OF 2030 EXPECT realising that not only does business
WHAT ROLE DID THESE NEW BUSINESS
MODELS HAVE IN DRIVING OR AFFECTING
OECD countries without obligations on
energy companies to support energy
experiment stuck, opened up energy
services which leveraged the additional
future..” FROM THEIR ENERGY SERVICE PROVIDER? success hinge on securing the consent
of consumers to make a change to
THE ENERGY TRANSITION TO NET ZERO? efficiency. Over the past decade, we flexibility working from home provided
to run certain appliances at times that
Consumers in 2030 trust their energy The Australian rooftop solar story is a have seen all sorts of creative ways
the way essential energy services are previously were not practical.
service provider to be their agent. They testament to the power of a compelling emerging to support consumers from
structured and priced, but that you can
look for service providers who can product arriving at the right time. The banks offering lower rates on loans for
take people with you. People are willing

IN 2030, WHAT ARE THE MAIN RENEWABLE WHAT ELSE HAS BEEN IMPORTANT FOR LINFOX The change in regulations to allow more
SOURCES THAT YOU RELY ON? WHAT ARE THE IN MOVING TOWARD YOUR NET ZERO GOAL? of this type of vehicle has meant we can
Mark Mazurek CHALLENGES AND BENEFITS THEY PRESENT? There have been several changes which
now take more product longer distances
in a much more energy efficient way.
Hydrogen has been big for our company have really allowed us to decarbonise
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER and we have worked hard to assimilate and optimise our operations. For Strong relationships with our suppliers
it into our operations - to make it example, we made a huge investment in have also been very important. We value
LINFOX “market ready”. Previously, most solar power. Back in 2021, we increased our long-term relationships and we
of our emissions came from diesel our solar generation by 50%; a year have worked with our partners to stay
usage but switching to hydrogen was later we increased it by another 100%, ahead of the curve in both sustainability
a game-changer. This was achieved meaning it accelerated the greening of and technology. For example, we
through a combination of the big OEM the sites we were building and the sites were buying Euro 6 standard vehicles
manufacturers providing companies we were leasing. to reduce our carbon footprint long
like ours with more durable, efficient, before they were mandated in Australia;
and warrantied equipment, along with We also changed to smart LED
we have worked with suppliers and
As CEO Linfox Logistics Australia growing hydrogen infrastructure such lighting with tens of thousands of light
governments to create special rules
and New Zealand, Mark Mazurek as refuelling stations for trucks. installations in our warehouses, transport
to allow our 80 tonne plus vehicles to
is responsible for leading the yards and offices. Even though we
travel safely through traffic signals;
largest privately-owned logistics Hydrogen hasn’t solved all our problems. generate our own renewable power, we
we have figured out ways to make
company in Asia Pacific to achieve Even today, if we’re trying to get freight are also keen to save energy. Previously,
our vehicles more productive, so they
its vision to be the most trusted from Melbourne to Cairns it’s a challenge older warehousing technology used
don’t return empty from long trips. All
logistics partner in Australia and despite using hydrogen vehicles, so halogen style lighting which is very
this only comes by having the strong
New Zealand. Mark leads the way instead we use Linfox’s intermodal inefficient. Between 2020 and 2022,
WHAT ARE THE CHANGES OVER THE LAST DO YOU THINK THAT THE INDIVIDUAL relationships and understanding with our
rail solution. Growth in rail freight in we changed over 12 thousand individual
with a focused business strategy TEN YEARS WHICH HAVE LED TO A MORE CONSUMER HAS PLAYED A MAJOR ROLE IN partners and our customers, as well as
Australia has been facilitated by the bulbs across our network - a huge
designed to deliver industry- SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION AND THIS SUSTAINABILITY SHIFT OVER THE LAST the right systems in place.
federal government’s decision to build a undertaking. Today, it means we are
leading safety, wellbeing and LOGISTICS SECTOR? 10 YEARS?
industry compliance, outstanding dedicated inland freight rail service that saving more than 7,000 megawatts-hour Our biggest shift toward net zero,
Linfox operates thousands of vehicles We have been on so many journeys connected Melbourne to Brisbane in of electricity every year. This new lighting however, probably came about
customer service and smarter,
across Australia and New Zealand with our customers over the years - they the last decade - it meant a lot of trucks has the added advantage of being safer through our people - the fact that our
environmentally sustainable
and we have millions of square choose us because we have sustainability could be redeployed. - older bulbs take a while to warm up, GreenFox Champions care so much
supply chain solutions positioned
metres of warehouse space in both embedded into the organisation. We meaning often people were working in about sustainability. Today we have a
for growth and prosperity.
countries. Our five-year “Leading the built our first carbon neutral warehouse Lithium batteries have also been very gloomier conditions. The newer lighting much younger workforce; they expect
Mark is passionate about Way 2025” business strategy was in Willawong, Queensland in 2020, important for our business. In our is instantaneous. It’s also smarter, not and demand that organisations like
promoting the logistics industry created at the start of this decade and installing over 700 kilowatts of solar PVs warehouses, we operate equipment through being automatic, but in being ours do not damage the environment.
and paving the way for a more will continue beyond it, with our key on the roof supported by a large storage like forklifts and materials handling more intelligent, with motion and daylight Through a unique combination of our
sustainable future through strategic driver: 'Act Sustainable.’ Our battery and a renewable electricity equipment that used to run using LPG, harvesting sensors. It can, for example, employees being very passionate
innovation and investment GreenFox sustainability program aims contract. It enables us to charge electric which must be handled with care. As differentiate between warehousing zones about sustainability, along with the
while attracting the best people to get Linfox to a better environmental vehicles directly, and, as it is also near lithium battery power improved, we to create optimum lighting conditions for Linfox family investing to realise a more
into the sector regardless of position by directing our focus to the railhead, it allows us to transport switched. Lithium has allowed us not our workforce. In this way, it has reduced sustainable logistics business, we have
age or gender. cleaner transport, mitigation of diesel products by rail, which is much less only to become carbon neutral but to run both our costs and energy consumption. created a real driving force toward net
emissions, waste management, water energy intensive. It means that when our warehouse operations more safely.
zero for our business.
conservation and temperature control the COVID-19 crisis happened, we We have used higher productivity
With energy prices dropping during the vehicles in locations where it made
of our buildings, so we don’t waste could easily support and be supported
last decade, renewable electricity from sense - larger vehicles with higher
“I n trucking and power or food products that are being
transported. Previously, around 80% of
by our customers. They appreciated the
effort made by Linfox and our logistics
the grid powered by solar, wind and weight loads. As they have more brakes
green hydrogen played an important
logistics, equipment our emissions came from our vehicles,
with the other 20% coming mainly from
partners - particularly around the extra
food deliveries and COVID-19 vaccination
part of the clean electricity consumed
and axles, they drive with better stability
and efficiency. It means they are not only
has to work 24/7 - in power usage for temperature control storage. Our customers saw it was
in our warehouses. more effective to drive, but that the road
surface isn’t damaged by their weight.
the early days of in our warehouses. Over the last ten
years, Linfox has achieved an enormous
possible for an organisation like Linfox,
not only to develop a fully carbon neutral
hydrogen it was all a reduction in emissions. facility, but also make it available for use
in a real emergency.
bit of a challenge...”
©2021 KPMG, an Australian partnership and a member firm of the KPMG global organisation of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Limited, a private English company ©2021 KPMG, an Australian partnership and a member firm of the KPMG global organisation of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Limited, a private English company
limited by guarantee. All rights reserved. The KPMG name and logo are trademarks used under license by the independent member firms of the KPMG global organisation. limited by guarantee. All rights reserved. The KPMG name and logo are trademarks used under license by the independent member firms of the KPMG global organisation.

HOW ARE THE COMPETING VOICES AND

Matthew Warren is a leading commentator on climate and energy BUSINESSES IN THE ENERGY SECTOR
Matthew Warren in Australia. Matthew has spent the past 25 years working inside
Australia’s energy and environmental policy debates and has worked
CO-EXISTING IN 2030?
for coal, renewables and major energy companies, running the Changing industry dynamics and new
ENERGY JOURNALIST AND Australian Energy Council and the Clean Energy Council. He is author competitors have created an extremely
MARKET COMMENTATOR of the Walkley nominated book Blackout, and is a regular contributor on difficult environment for incumbents.
energy and climate for the Australian Financial Review. He is a Principal This has been particularly evident in the
at Boardroom Energy, a business advisory on energy and climate. natural gas industry which is battling for
its survival - the fight has become highly
politicised and companies are being
increasingly demonised. While they still
WHAT ARE THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE consumption is data driven. Trading play a critical role in the new energy
ENERGY LANDSCAPE TODAY IN 2030? between consumers is automated, market, like proving low cost, high
distributed batteries and solar generators temperature heat, efforts to reduce
In Australia in 2030, we are producing less
are digitally aggregated. emissions through sequestration
“So far this energy emissions in our energy use compared to
a decade earlier. Investment continues in Electric vehicle charging is becoming an
have proved stubbornly expensive and

transition has Renewable Energy Zones supported by a integral part of this system. Chargers are
ineffective. Gas remains essential for
key industrial consumers and remains
combination of firming technologies: more
been inefficient utility scale batteries and pumped hydro.
located in daytime car parks and shopping
centres, anywhere to maximise the free
highly export focussed, yet its oddly
also a twilight industry, its demise
and unequal...” Snowy 2.0 is finally on-line, but there is still
inter-state haggling about who will pay for
solar electricity in the middle of the day.
EV owners are supposed to leave their
dependent on the arrival of low-cost
hydrogen. The hydrogen revolution has
the expanded transmission to Tasmania’s cars attached to chargers to help feed
progressed, but has underwhelmed
Battery of the Nation project. electricity back in during the late afternoon, firsters. The former have switched to
but many of them unplug their cars so
WHAT HAVE BEEN SOME OF THE KEY early euphoria. It’s a sullen market: gas
DEVELOPMENTS OVER THE PAST DECADE electric vehicles, the latter continue to continuing to serve critical industries
More coal generators have closed, while
they still have a full tank of electricity to drive combustion engine cars.
there is more gas peaking capacity, to THAT HAVE GOT US TO THIS POINT IN 2030? and export markets while waiting for
drive home.
jump in around the renewables, along its execution by a replacement that
Australia hoped to create new economic To mitigate this, successive governments
with some early adopters of expensive Most of the electricity market reforms has soaked up billions in government
growth by exploiting cheap renewable have tried to find ways of getting solar
bulk hydrogen which is used to store and introduced in the 1990’s have been phased assistance and is running late. No one
electricity and using this to expand panels on even more household rooftops,
release the renewables oversupply. out. It has been a gradual, indirect process. seems happy.
its industrial base and export cheap increasing the costs of providing network
The electricity market continues mainly hydrogen. Australia remains the world services to manage massive daytime
It’s become an increasingly inelegant Consumers want simplicity. Energy is
as a dispatch mechanism. Investment leader in integrating renewables with spikes in distributed solar generation
and interventionist transformation. increasingly bolted on to other services
is driven by each state government in resulting lower electricity emissions. and accelerating the rate at which firm
More utility scale batteries are needed in a time-poor, choice rich world. Banks,
coordination with the Australian Energy electricity is needed to keep the lights
to provide the blistering electricity grid telecoms and insurance companies,
Central Planner (formerly AEMO). While we are blessed with abundant on as the sun sets. This requires more
ramp rates required every late afternoon, basically whoever has a commercial
supplies of solar and wind energy, this money to subside large batteries. It’s a
but each one requires significant co- The replacement of a market-based relationship with households, have
has not converted into cheap hydrogen virtuous circle of government support.
funding from governments to cross the approach with central planning has made offered new services bundled up
exports and world leading investment
commercial line. the grid less efficient, more expensive with cheaper energy. Incumbents are
in green steel, cement, manufacturing, Electric vehicles continue to take market
and more “gold plated”. Some multi-billion buckling under the pressure as more
electric car making or hydrogen exports. share from ICEs, resulting in a national
Transport and stationary energy are still nimble or well-resourced competitors
dollar transmission lines considered Australia is still a major exporter of subsidy scheme to keep essential petrol
significantly dependent on fossil fuels with cherry pick the market sweet spots,
“essential” a few years earlier are rarely natural gas and some high grade stations operating.
conventional fuel vehicles, while natural leaving them with the bits that are much
used. Stranded assets grow in number. metallurgical and thermal coals. There
gas and coal are still in widespread use. A decade of promising green collar less commercially attractive and have an
Power bills are capped (it’s more politically are still no meaningful commercial
Globally, affluent low carbon markets jobs and an employment boom has not increasingly uncertain future.
palatable) and the cost of a decade of hydrogen exports from Australia. The
like Europe and the US have resorted materialised. Most new employment is
wasteful investment transferred onto cost of transporting it is prohibitive.
to industrial protectionism to help in services. As the renewables mega-
public debt.
them protect domestic markets while Like other developed economies, the build slowed, the scale of employment
transitioning to a lower carbon economy. Carbon pricing has been reintroduced enduring political fault line in 2030 in electricity supply actually fell, as
(somewhat reluctantly) as a strategic remains between affluent, technology- renewables required fewer workers per
The retail electricity market has
response to the global carbon trade wars embracing climate-firsters and poorer, megawatt hour than fossil fuels and each
fragmented. There is more bundling
between China, Europe and the US. more economically vulnerable jobs- coal generator closed.
of energy with other services. Energy

State and the federal government WHAT ARE SOME OF THE NEW SUCCESSFUL For the new entrants, the challenge is
have also become more aware of the TECHNOLOGIES BEHIND THIS 2030 ENERGY more about whether their innovation
Mike Nicholls flexibility that large-scale pumped
hydro can offer. The NSW Government
SYSTEM? or technology quickly becomes the
new face of generation and storage
Solar has been the big success story,
has invested billions in pumped hydro and gaining some control over these
PARTNER plants - essentially a large-scale storage
particularly in Australia. In 2021,
distributed generation and storage
there were 2.6 million solar panel
solution that can be released onto the
MAIN SEQUENCE VENTURES installations on people’s roofs and that
assets. For the old market players, there
grid during the evening to generate are tipping points; they are being slowly
electricity when renewables are trend has continued.
strangled by their old technology and
generating less. We have seen interesting new business models and the capital markets.
developments in solar energy technology. Some of them are already splitting out
Renewable intermittency issues have
One I would highlight is the development those old assets into separate companies
also been addressed through better
of solar film, a flexible thin film that and selling this to the market (there are
energy efficiency, with consumers
moving their consumption away from generates solar energy sandwiched a bunch of climate deniers who will buy
expensive times of the day to when between two sheet of glass and is this) squeezing as much as they can out
Mike Nicholls is a Partner at installed in buildings. This film could lead to of the assets before they are shut down,
renewables generation is at the peak. In
Main Sequence Ventures. net zero carbon glass as it could generate and trying to turn the mothership around
2021, the wholesale prices for electricity
An Entrepreneur, Inventor and during the middle of a day was already enough electricity in its lifetime to offset as a greener energy business.
Technologist, he has over thirty dropping fast and, in some states such as the emissions created by its manufacture.
years of 30 business experience South Australia, dropping down to zero HOW HAVE YOU SEEN TECHNOLOGY
in Sales & Marketing, is the Solar’s success is resulting in new
or sometimes paying consumers to take SKILLS ADAPT TO THE SHIFT IN THE
CEO & MD of four companies electricity off the grid. New smart grid challenges. Many households installed ENERGY LANDSCAPE?
and has practical experience technologies and processes have enabled solar panels, for example, but hardly any
across a range of industries. installed batteries; they only considered At Main Sequence, we highlight that
consumers to program appliances and
Mike helps a lot of start-ups, the first step of the renewable energy one of the key challenges for the
machinery to automatically move their
researchers and entrepreneurs journey - batteries were subeconomic so future is how to enable that next big
consumption to when renewables are
in the Australian start-up and there were only about 200,000 installed intelligence leap, by that we mean
generating the most power and the price
research ecosystem and is the in 2021. Many forecasters had predicted where advances in technology are
is cheaper or even free.
fund expert at helping start-ups that the cost of these back up energy happening faster than society’s ability
generate their early customer WHAT DOES THE ENERGY MARKET LOOK LIKE While hydrogen was still pretty niche Successes like this have led to the faster batteries would have halved in five years. to adapt. How do we re-educate,
leads and opportunities. IN 2030? in 2021 and was largely created using than predicted demise of coal power But building and scaling them is harder, adapt, exploit and protect people for
fossil fuels, we now see it being used generation. In 2021, it was already particularly as the availability and cost a new world? In energy, I see two
In 2030, we have solved the biggest becoming uneconomic to run coal power key success factors - research work
across transportation, storage and as of the critical raw battery metals and
challenge the energy market was generation at certain times of the day. focused on renewables and the fast
feedstocks for industrial purposes like materials is becoming a real challenge.
experiencing back in 2021 - which was As renewable power generation and implementation of the skills needed
steelmaking and aluminium smelting.
how we can store renewable energy, consumption has become more balanced
“Decarbonising energy particularly solar to provide power at night,
However, it’s still early days and much of
the hydrogen available today is created and we got more storage during the
HOW HAS THE ENERGY MARKET STRUCTURE
to commercialise and deploy the new
technologies. Australia has always
CHANGED AS A RESULT?
is increasingly a solving the Sunset to Sunrise problem.
by reforming gas (blue hydrogen). So
while it’s cleaner burning than coal,
evening, coal had no escape plan as it
became uneconomic in the evening - and As we move to an almost decentralised,
had a strong research background;
we are amazing at developing new
The solution isn’t just about bigger and
matter of storage and better batteries. Batteries are great petrol or diesel, it still doesn’t completely their remaining margins were eaten away. distributed generation and storage energy technologies but not so awesome at
system, we are seeing many more start-
solving the sunset to for shorter time frames and sudden
response, but they are hard to scale.
solve the emissions problem. We need
to get to the point where hydrogen is
With coal power plants, you can’t just
turn them on and off like a battery. You
up and new technology companies in the
commercialising them. One of the big
challenges we have is upskilling and
sunrise problem and We need a breakthrough in new types being generated by renewable energy
and being stored and then converted
need to run them at full speed and if you
market. This has thrown up the classic
innovation dilemma. The questions for the
training new talent to work in this new
industry and that is proving just as
of materials but physics, chemistry and
moving as much of materials are not like software, you can’t back to electricity by a fuel cell to drive
bring them up and down, it makes them
very unreliable. Gas fired generation,
incumbent energy companies are, should difficult a problem to solve.
we move wholesale into that distributed
our load as possible to just dial them up overnight and often
the improvements are incremental not
electric motors rather than being burnt. however, hasn’t experienced quite the
same issues. Gas power plants are much model, can we get control or ownership
In Australian rural areas, for example, we
when renewables are exponential; batteries are part of the
have seen the switching over from diesel
more flexible and can be spooled up and of the assets behind the meter, and if we
can, what happens to our existing coal
solution but it’s going to take more. down. While renewable generation is still
generating.” A key part of the solution has come
generators to green hydrogen generated
from renewables for more economical
cheaper, natural gas has found an interim powered generators, as we are sacrificing
role in the 2030 energy system firming some of the old revenue to bring in
from the widespread use of hydrogen. electricity at night with zero emissions. the new?
up the evening cycle.

horizon. Using direct CO2 capture perhaps the most important success The regulatory environment for this
Dr Patrick Hartley is the leader of CSIRO’s Hydrogen Industry Mission. from the air is a good example. If factor is scale, and by that I mean new energy system is also important
Patrick Hartley In this role, he is responsible for developing the strategy and partnerships
for a major new national initiative which was launched in May 2021
that becomes more economic, then
you’ve opened a whole new area of
economies of scale. - some regulations have needed to be
removed, others are being adapted,
which focusses on delivering RD&D to enable the scaleup of Australia’s low emission fuels and chemicals Take hydrogen, for example. We need or invented. We have had to adapt
LEADER, CSIRO HYDROGEN domestic and export hydrogen industries. In 2018, he co-led the development - such as methanol to be expanding the market faster, environmental protection approvals
INDUSTRY MISSION development of CSIRO’s National Hydrogen Roadmap, and worked production. Such innovations driving up demand to scale production to to be more contingent on greenhouse
with the Chief Scientist of Australia, Dr Alan Finkel, Leader, CSIRO are interesting in sectors where further drive down costs. While a lot of gas emission intensity in projects, for
CSIRO ENERGY Hydrogen Industry Mission on delivering the briefing paper ‘Hydrogen decarbonisation is harder, so they equipment and infrastructure needs only example. Also, regarding safety, new
for Australia’s Future’ which was presented to the Council of Australian can play a role in industries like minor alterations, there have been issues regulations have had to be put in place
Government’s (COAG) Energy council. This laid the foundations for the petrochemicals, making net zero with the scale of the hydrogen rollout for hydrogen as it’s a hugely different
development of Australia’s National Hydrogen Strategy, which was methanol feedstock for chemicals used as so many appliances - like household gas to what we would traditionally
subsequently delivered and adopted by all of Australia’s federal state in products like adhesives, foams, and boilers - needed to be changed. pump around our gas networks.
and territory governments in November 2019. solvents, for instance.
This energy transition also needs a All this cleaner energy technology
To make energy innovation an even different workforce. People who know development means we are not only
how to couple batteries with hydrogen,
"In 2030 we’re at Back in 2021 most people were renewable energy. In 2030, we are now
greater success we need more - more
focus, more time, and better economics power, natural gas or refuelling
seeing the electricity grid reimagined
but increasingly, whole industries like
peak energy sector saying it would take until 2030 for the
transformation of the energy sector to
getting close to $2/kg of hydrogen mark
- even for green hydrogen - due to the
(reductions in renewable energy and systems, people who are good at
sector integration and collaboration.
chemicals and materials reimagined - it’s
hydrogen supply chain costs). The need exciting. In 2030, the energy sector is at
disruption – and that’s even get going, but I have seen huge ongoing reductions in renewable energy
costs, and it will become cheaper still.
for patient, tenacious investment in this They might be engineers, but if peak disruption, that is a good thing and
progress. Take transportation, we did they are, they are a different sort of
a good thing...” a roadmap for Australia’s hydrogen
Hydrogen technologies are becoming
transition is especially important, as it’s
too easy to get swept up in the hype engineer; maybe we can call them
I’m immensely proud of that.

industry back in 2018, and highlighted and believe it can all be done today. But energy eco-system integrators?
more mature. While work still needs
it as the sector with the best near-term to be done on economies of scale,
opportunity for emissions reductions we are getting there. Brown hydrogen
using hydrogen - now we have fuel cell (produced from natural gas) was
heavy vehicles and of course, electric already widely used in heavy industries
vehicles everywhere. like refining fertilizer production, and
now blue hydrogen (produced from
Natural gas networks, meanwhile,
decarbonised natural gas) and green
have been transformed by hydrogen
hydrogen (produced using renewable
much more than we expected given
energy or electrolysis from water) are
the technoeconomic modelling we did.
displacing it. We are also on the way to
That industry pushed way harder than
zero emission shipping using hydrogen-
we anticipated to get hydrogen into
based fuels. The 2020 IMO regulations
their pipelines - whole towns are now
cleaned up shipping fuel to drive
running on hydrogen. Natural gas is
emissions reductions; and there are now
now used much more to support solar
some ammonia and hydrogen powered
and wind plants and shore-up supply
ships in operation.
to meet peak demand. We are also
seeing a lot of combined wind and solar Where will the innovations come from
projects which has really pushed up the for hydrogen next? It could be from a
capacity of renewable generation. So, new use case, like the role it can play
while it might all be low hanging fruit, as a feedstock and in industries like
these higher renewable capacity factors steel. What is also positive is that more
and a clearer pathway for hydrogen are countries have hydrogen as a key part of
making a real difference. their national energy strategies so that’s
become quite a stimulus.
Hydrogen is becoming the game
changer. People ask, what’s different Other energy innovations which can
for hydrogen this time around? I say, connect to hydrogen are also on the
the abundant supply of very cheap

“I t’s a very challenging

geopolitical landscape.
Leaders today need to
understand that,
as businesses are
being transformed,
they remain as engaged
with their investors and
consumers as they are
with governments.”
TOM RIDSDILL-SMITH
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT CLIMATE
WOODSIDE ENERGY

The geopolitical energy landscape This is having a knock-on effect on

in 2030 is markedly different from climate politics in other large economies, Robert (“RJ”) Johnston returned

Robert J. Johnston previous decades. The biggest change

has been that while the Middle East
but not in the way we originally
predicted. The EU’s more confrontational
in 2018 to lead the firm’s energy
and natural resources practice
approach in terms of carbon border after serving as Eurasia Group’s
is still a major oil and gas producer
MD ENERGY, CLIMATE & mechanisms and placing tariffs on states chief executive officer for five
(due to its low cost and low carbon
RESOURCES AND intensity production), the dynamic without appropriate climate policies years. Prior to joining Eurasia
EXECUTIVE ADVISOR between the United States (USA), the has motivated countries like Russia and Group, RJ served as managing
China to increase the stringency of their director of equity research at
EURASIA GROUP European Union (EU), China, Russia,
own greenhouse gas regulations. Medley Global Advisors, serving
and Japan is now less about securing
as the lead analyst for global
oil and more about electricity grid The pace of the green transition in most energy equities. RJ, in addition,
security and access to those critical countries has, however, been uneven. was a research director at UBS
minerals needed to support low It has been hard to match job creation in Warburg Energy and previously
carbon energy. renewable energy sectors with workers directed internal research teams
dislocated from fossil fuel industries at Enron Global Markets.
The shift to a greener energy landscape
“The green is resulting in new tensions in countries
like upstream oil and gas production
or production of internal combustion
RJ holds a doctorate in

transition has led producing materials like lithium and

cobalt, which are needed for cathodes
automotives. Also, while the COVID-19
international relations from
American University, a master’s
crisis in 2020/21 set conditions for
to new geopolitical and anodes in battery production as
well as platinum group metals and rare
governments to create green stimulus
degree in political science from
McMaster University, and a
tensions…” earth elements used in electrolysers for
packages, the impact was temporary,
with people quickly getting back to
bachelor’s degree in political
hydrogen production. The Democratic studies from Bishop’s University.
global travel and commuting. The bigger
Republic of Congo, Bolivia, Australia,
change has been where governments
Indonesia and Canada produce the
injected liquidity and stimulus into key
resources but most are still refined
green sectors such as hydrogen or large
and processed in China, which now
battery plants in Europe and China.
dominates the geopolitics of energy
exposed by hostile actors, whether Digital verification is increasingly
rather than Petro-States like Saudi The transition has been much more
they are nation states, criminals, or necessary in consumer and industrial
Arabia, Russia or Venezuela, pre- challenging for countries in the
terrorist groups. While distributed transactions to ensure people get the
dominant in the 20th century. developing world. Major oil and gas
generation, local small-scale micro grids clean product they think they’re paying for.
producers in parts of the Middle East,
China, has continued to grow throughout and renewables appear more resilient,
North Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, It’s a very challenging geopolitical
the decade, has progressed from being they are also creating new openings for
and Latin America, are now searching landscape. Leaders today need to
one of the largest emitters of greenhouse attacks at a more local level.
for new engines of growth to replace understand that, as businesses are
gasses to mass electrification through
stranded oil reserves and infrastructure. Data has become an important feature being transformed, they remain
the rapid scaling of renewable and zero-
Countries that have not had a successful of the green energy landscape and a as engaged with their investors
emissions technology.
transition to a post-petroleum economy growth industry has developed around and consumers as they are with
Tensions have also surfaced where are at risk of becoming failed states in tracing the source of a commodity. For governments. These new energy supply
states have imposed carbon border the face of economic crises, corruption, example, it's important to show that a chains need particular attention - not
adjustment mechanisms that and weak political institutions. fossil fuel like natural gas was processed only on their efficiencies or on their
essentially tax fossil fuel imports. with no flaring, or that a raw material has new products and services but also
Additional geopolitical concerns have
The EU and other mature economies1 been mined at a site with responsible on their wider ESG footprint; climate
also emerged in 2030 around so-called
have advanced their green taxonomy tailings management and been produced impact, human rights, gender and racial
‘geo-technologies’ which support
and broader sustainability principles, using green power. There has been rapid diversity and similar considerations. It is
grid resilience and grid security.
particularly across the financial sector, growth in data to verify company ESG important to be aware of the impact of
Critical infrastructure and integration
while their consumers are increasingly claims, which they need to maintain their the energy transformation in its entirety.
of electrical grids into broader cloud-
green aware. market share and access to capital.
based IT systems has created new
vulnerabilities and these are being

1 For example countries such as Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Republic of
Korea, the United Kingdom, the United States, as well as the European Union.

Sally-Ann Williams “Energy industry innovation is growing; it could have

a huge economic impact.”
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
CICADA INNOVATIONS
In an innovation focused company I am really excited by the terminology
like Cicada, we actively support being used in the energy technology space
technology ventured in many today, which reflects this massive change.
sectors like MedTech, agrifood tech, Take the concept of collective energy,
SpaceTech, quantum and more. applied in such ways as through the
Today in 2030, we are increasingly operation of a shared community micro
grid. Through concepts like this we are
supporting EnergyTech, a focus
seeing a lot more novel ideas both around
which only started to emerge as a
As the CEO of Cicada Innovations energy systems, including the reinvention
critical industry around a decade ago.
Sally-Ann Williams leads of how the micro grid may operate with
Investor engagement in the energy
Australia’s pioneering deep tech new distributed, democratised, and shared
sector is now massive and make no
energy generation and storage. There has
incubator building companies mistake, they’re investing for the been a lot of focus on how communities
solving the world’s most economic return they will get from can be supplied with renewables while
pressing problems through
their investments coming to market also being self-sustaining and allowing
science and engineering. Cicada
as well as the impact. better energy sharing.
Innovations has nurtured
hundreds of visionary deep We know that science has been moving Another term I like is elastic - we are
tech innovators to validate, into the green energy space for a long thinking about energy in a more elastic,
commercialise and scale high time. But we needed business drivers or flexible, way. For example, asking
impact technologies globally and commitments from boards and from ourselves what the role of artificial
across MedTech, HealthTech, C-suite executives to invest and put their intelligence in energy is, and how it can
AgTech, FoodTech, Clean Energy, money where their mouth is. The C-suite help us: not only as consumers, but in
AI, Manufacturing 4.0 and more. needed to understand this transition terms of influencing our behaviour and
is not only about environmental and harnessing the flexibility of the system
Prior to joining Cicada
social governance (ESG) and a licence to optimise the whole grid, with better
Innovations she spent over 12
to operate, but also about business storage, availability and capacity how to develop a greener energy system can be deployed, which might not only In Australia, we unfortunately have been
years at Google as an Executive
continuity - their long-term survival as for everyone. with more awareness of the economics give us more flexibility but can build this playing catch up in R&D associated with
Program Manager on the
a company. and costs of scaling it. This is imperative resilience and reliability. energy technology. So we would be crazy
engineering team leading This mindset of more collective and
work on R&D collaborations as the impact flows back to companies not to run after it faster - it’s the next
Over the past decade, there has been elastic energy systems is transforming We shouldn’t shy away from difficult
with universities, startup investing in research and development economic boom. While we are known
a lot that has emerged from a green the way we live. What is emerging, tasks; we need to continue to lean
and entrepreneurship (R&D) for new sources of renewable for exporting our minerals, there is no
energy technology perspective which I particularly in countries building new into them because new technologies
engagement and pioneering energies and technologies. reason we can’t be global exporters of
think is exciting. Instead of being on the cities and new towns, are different can provide greener energy solutions
work on CS & STEM education green energy - renewables, technologies,
fringe - something that only a few people designs and builds for energy I think we still need to think more about and prosperity for people and for the new energy systems and engineers. It’s
including building world first did with solar panels on the roof - we infrastructure, roads, buildings, public resilience, reliability, and efficiencies planet. It’s not an ‘either or’, it’s more a huge driver of long term, sustainable,
collaborations delivering are seeing the widespread take up of lighting, transportation and public in the energy system. Guiding of a ‘yes and’ opportunity. Take artificial high value job creation. You just need to
national transformation. solar and wind power. We’re also seeing infrastructure. It is all low carbon, flexible people to make informed choices is intelligence and machine learning - that’s show people a clearer pathway and better
batteries with a much longer and more and more energy efficient. We are now important, whether it’s about advancing a whole lot of jobs and skills opportunities articulate the associated benefits. That’s
efficient lifespan. And our technical know- thinking about energy in a fundamentally independent energy, creating more right there. The impact of having policies not only where the magic of innovation
how has improved across newer energy different way. awareness of energy resilience (the that are visionary and transformative, happens; it’s also where the magic of
sources like wave power and geothermal impact greater demand has on the that meet sustainability goals and
None of this has happened easily. business profitability happens.
technologies, and energy storage grid) or a better understanding of high delivers reliable energy, can flow through
solutions like hydrogen. It needed visionary leadership, and
energy consumption in industry and to these jobs and opportunities - from
governments have played a big role in that
supply chains. There will be so many pure research through to technology
- though not every government! We also
things we haven’t thought of yet that commercialisation and deployment.
needed to have a greater understanding of

occurred to take hydrogen into the energy stranded product that no major economy - the customer rooftops - and can
space, for it to become an “un-locker” wants to buy due to its carbon impact. also orchestrate and make use of the
Stephanie Unwin of fossil fuel-based industry processing.
The cost reduction of producing hydrogen Within the utilities, technology was
intermittency solutions in hydrogen
and battery storage.
gave it the right to play in the energy both the platform to orchestrate a
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER system and heavy industry embraced it. complex multidirectional system and Commercial enterprises are happily
a mechanism to operate and maintain creating their own microgrids - often
HORIZON POWER In addition, just like the revolution that saw
assets. For our employees it has bundling water and municipal service
solar scale up, costs plummet and the
take-up on solar PV on rooftops explode, enabled us to coordinate and optimise as part of their microgrid offering.
so too did the option in technology to energy participants while real-time fault This bundling - given the provision of
harness excess energy and make it response systems, robotics and remote water is at most times the biggest
available for use when needed most. service delivery have meant our crews consumer of energy in these remote
are now firmly behind the joy stick, not and regional towns - enables better load
The duck curve1 was a thing of the driving for hundreds of kilometres to management, optimising the outcome
past, and the system planners could manually identify and rectify a lightning for the system with each customer
As Chief Executive Officer
breathe again. strike to a line. playing their part and reducing their
of Horizon Power, Stephanie
costs as a result. We have developed
Unwin leads a 500 strong On a much bigger scale, we saw the One of the features of the world in 2030 products that make this fair - even
team of energy professionals same technology gift enable us to is that we see and hear everything if the rooftop is not owned - and the
to deliver power to some radically decarbonise and use our through data capture and our crews community shares in a virtual communal
of Western Australia’s competitive advantage in vast scale and workforce are very digitally savvy. rooftop that lowers their bills. Hydrogen
most remote and regional solar and wind resources to create a Our living labs tell us everything we is playing its part using excess solar or
communities. Under her burgeoning green steel industry onshore need to know about the demand-supply wind for an always available fuel cell.
leadership Horizon Power is in Australia. We moved from just mining equation, the weather, the availability
transforming the WA regional iron ore to making iron and steel. This of assets and how to best use these so As we consider where we are in 2030
energy landscape in an bold audacious move to create a green our rooftops go first and maximise their and the way forward, Australia did
increasingly decentralised steel industry, took ambition on the part contribution to the energy mix. emerge from a slower start on the world
delivery model. of our political and industry leaders, stage to be a de-carbonised industry and
supported by the enabling energy The regulatory environment had to clean energy leader - it chose to embrace
Stephanie is passionate reinvent itself. The 2021 environment
system infrastructure and our traditional the gift of technology and couple this with
about collaboration, was dysfunctional and at odds with the
landowners - with a focus on moving to its vast resources in the green economy
inclusion and diversity innovation needed to drive the right
fairer growth in a decarbonised economy. for a lasting competitive advantage. The
to build an engaged and capital decisions. Regulators shifted gear successful energy transition involved
inspired workforce. Her Underpinning this green transition has and enabled technology expenditure to
here-and-now outcome. The push placing bets on numerous technologies
ability to facilitate change been a much greater use of technology. push through and drive infrastructure to and successfully transferring large
on a foundation of safety is came increasingly from mainstream
delivering Horizon Power’s “Dealing with the shareholders who collectively
It provided insight into all the moving
parts, a real-time understanding of what
be upgraded, changed and developed for
the new economy. It was refreshing to
parts of the workforce from the carbon
economy to non-carbon sectors.
vision of innovative customer
choices, reduced costs and
problems of renewable acknowledged that our heritage, our
rivers and our natural environment
was going on, where the energy was
available and where it was needed.
see the regulator expand the forward-
looking economic efficiency arguments In 2030, the place Australia plays on
cleaner, greener energy
solutions for the future
intermittency gave us a has standing and the right to exist
In industry, we took the best of the
to consider technology solutions the world stage is something to be

through reducing Horizon technology gift for in a sustainable manner. Having a

social licence to operate moved from world’s technology into processing and
for managing mass disruption, and
distribution level generation with EV’s
proud of - a climate change leader, an
advocate for our heritage and precious
Power’s carbon footprint, and
investing in new technologies
the planet.” a nice-to-have collection of words to
fundamental principles that led to
created an outcome that started a new
industrial wave in Australia – traditionally
back to the grid. natural environment, an industrial
player in harmony with a shared, clean
such as hydrogen. hard to abate sectors had the imperative One of the smaller, but none the less environment where we are careful
actual decision-making on the ground.
If we do not embrace and address to re-look at their opportunities and the remarkable achievements, in the decade where we place our footprint and smart
climate change, then we are only Hydrogen was a technology gift that technology to make change. Progress is how we have moved our remote in how we do it.
emerged as a game changer for the was hard at the start of the decade but communities from reliance largely
going to be takers of disaster rather
planet. It was born from necessity on how a concerted worldwide push just made on conventional centralised diesel to
than makers of the future. Looking
to a create a cleaner energy source that it non-negotiable by 2030. Those that their own green and smart microgrids.
back, significant progress has
also solved longer and deeper - seasonal, stood back are wrestling with the issue of These work with their natural assets
been made over the past decade,
weekly, not just four hours or so - storage
with decarbonisation pathways no
challenges. A great leap in innovation
longer a novel 2050 ambition but a 1 A graph of power production over the course of a day showing the timing imbalance between peak demand and renewable energy production.

WHAT ROLE HAS THE GAS INDUSTRY PLAYED IN Blue hydrogen is being produced at
a substantially lower cost than green Stephen Harty joined GLNG
THE TRANSITION TOWARDS NET ZERO OVER THE
Stephen Harty LAST DECADE? hydrogen5, which has accelerated
the uptake of hydrogen in Australia.
Operations Pty. Ltd. (GLNG)
as Chief Executive Officer in
The gas industry has played a 2019 and has responsibility
Hydrogen is being widely adopted as
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER significant role in reducing global for the overall management,
the zero-emission fuel of choice where
carbon emissions in the lead-up to safety and operation of GLNG’s
GLADSTONE LNG (GLNG) an electrical solution is not viable.
assets, which include 7.8 mtpa
2030. After the initial industry focus of
reducing its own Scope 1 and Scope of LNG liquefaction capacity
2 emissions, the industry turned its
HOW HAS CCS TECHNOLOGY CONTRIBUTED and over 500km of high-
attention to Scope 32 emissions -
TO THE ENERGY TRANSITION – IS IT NOW pressure gas pipelines.
COMMERCIALLY VIABLE?
those emissions generated by the end Stephen has over 25 years of
consumer and their products. This was CCS technology has been experience in the oil and gas
very relevant for the LNG3 industry as around for a long time; what has industry. He commenced his
most of its emissions are defined as changed over the past decade career with Mobil Oil Australia
Scope 3. has been the development of the holding engineering and
"In 2030, a premium regulatory framework necessary management positions in the
The gas industry has contributed
LNG product is one significantly as the key transition fuel
to commercialise CCS. The pivotal
moment for CCS was when CCS was as a result supplies have been struggling
downstream organisation. In
2001 Stephen began his career
offsetting Scope 1, on the path to lowering emissions by
displacing coal in power generation,
approved as an ACCU6 methodology,
WHAT DOES THE LNG INDUSTRY LOOK LIKE
IN 2030? to keep up with demand globally. As in LNG when he joined the Ras
meaning that CCS operators would Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Co
2 and 3 (end of use) displacing liquid fuels in transport, receive an ACCU for every tonne Australia, as a major LNG exporter,
a result a growing proportion of LNG
supply is being produced in OPEC+
(RasGas) in Qatar.

emissions through and firming renewable power. In

addition, the commercialisation of
of carbon dioxide injected into
CCS. This provided the commercial
continues to be an LNG price taker
- accepting prevailing market prices.
countries. Stephen subsequently joined
ConocoPhillips and initially
CCS; GLNG is aiming to CCS technology has been crucial incentive for the large-scale Its LNG exports have created an Demand for gas and LNG generally worked on the development
in providing high quality offsets for remains strong; the bulk of demand
provide that service…" sectors whose emissions are harder
expansion of CCS in Australia. interconnectivity between the
international and the Australian East comes from countries with net zero
of the Qatargas3 LNG project.
Stephen later transferred
to eliminate, such as airlines and One highly successful CCS project Coast domestic market. The Australian targets, particularly in Asia. China is to the United Kingdom with
steel mills. has been the Moomba CCS project in east coast LNG industry continues to still the largest LNG consumer in the ConocoPhillips where he held
South Australia. Santos and its project receive pressure from lobby groups world, along with Japan and South various management positions
The transition to net zero continues partner Beach Energy are now storing with sometimes opposing demands, Korea, and increasingly India. These in the Europe Commercial
to rely heavily on the transfer of gas 1.7 million tonnes of carbon dioxide with climate activists saying the industry countries are predominately using organisation, including Carbon
sector expertise. CCS is also a good per year in this project. The project should never produce another molecule LNG to reduce emissions as they Portfolio Director, Director
example here. The gas industry has a capacity for up to 20 million of gas, while domestic industry lobby transition away from coal. European Market Analysis and
has developed this technology and tonnes annually across the Cooper oil groups say the industry should be Manager Global LNG Trading. In
championed its development and and gas basin. The Moomba project is The story of the gas industry in this 2015 he returned to Australia to
producing more and limiting the export
acceptance. This was made possible one of the lowest-cost CCS projects in decade has been one of an industry lead the marketing organisation
of gas.
by oil and gas industry scientists the world. stepping up to the challenge of at Australia Pacific LNG.
2 The GHG Protocol Corporate Standard classifies
a company’s GHG emissions into three ‘scopes’. who used their understanding Cost pressures, regulatory challenges the energy transition. It has been
Scope 1 emissions are direct emissions from
of depleted reservoirs to enable LNG projects that have access to Stephen holds a Bachelor
owned or controlled sources. Scope 2 emissions in new developments and long-term progressive in achieving emissions
high quality carbon offsets like CCS of Engineering (Hons) from
are indirect emissions from the generation of their use for carbon sequestration, demand uncertainty have led new gas reductions and building its ESG
purchased energy. Scope 3 emissions are all the University of Ballarat
indirect emissions (not included in scope 2) that process engineers that employ the have strong ESG credentials and exploration to be substantially reduced. credentials. ESG constraints in
occur in the value chain of the reporting company, can achieve a premium for their LNG Australia, a Master of Business
including both upstream and downstream
technology to capture carbon dioxide These days producers are focussing on developing new supplies have stifled
Administration from Deakin
emissions. https://www.ghgprotocol.org/sites/ from combustion exhaust streams, sales. CCS operators have themselves developing their existing resource base and delayed development, resulting
default/files/ghgp/public/FAQ.pdf University Australia, and is
and materials engineers who manage generated alternate revenue streams as efficiently as possible. in elevated LNG market prices at a graduate of the Australian
3 LNG is an acronym for Liquefied Natural Gas corrosion issues in carbon dioxide and created new jobs from offering times. The companies succeeding are Institute of Company Directors.
4 Blue hydrogen is produced from natural gas transportation. CCS services to third parties, and Gas industry economics have also those who have maintained a strong
where the carbon emissions are captured and adjacent industries. The CCS industry changed. “Financial activism” has made ESG strategy, enabling them attract
stored, or reused.
The gas industry has also facilitated has also unlocked the blue hydrogen it more challenging to attract investment investment, and to not only sustain their
5 Green hydrogen is generated by renewable energy the growth of carbon neutral fuels, market and has positioned it for into the industry. It means that gas
sources without producing carbon emissions in production base but also grow their
the first place. notably the growth of blue hydrogen.4 massive growth. investment has been constrained and business with carbon neutral products.

In addition, new investment in energy Companies have also really taken HOW WELL HAS AUSTRALIA EXECUTED THIS
storage (bigger and flexible batteries, advantage of the declining costs ENERGY TRANSITION?
Ted Surette pumped hydro and even hydrogen)
as well as in new transmission
of new and emerging clean energy
technologies. As businesses
Australia has experienced one of
the fastest and most radical energy
infrastructure, means today, Australia became more familiar with their
ENERGY TRANSITION ADVISOR transitions of any country. This was
has a world class distributed energy cost and value stack and what it
AND NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR network which operates flexibly meant for them to make those
made possible by its abundance
of sun, wind, and critical minerals,
and efficiently. More importantly, it investments, they have employed
but not to be underestimated, is
provides affordable, reliable and clean the latest battery technology,
the success of its clean energy
energy to all residents and businesses Machine Learning and other Artificial
collaborations. The Australian federal
across the nation. Intelligence (AI) technologies to
government and states have worked
support greater energy efficiencies
well with business and academia,
WHAT IMPACT HAS THE ENERGY TRANSITION and carbon footprint reductions in
supporting, developing and scaling
MADE ON BUSINESSES? WHICH BUSINESSES their operations.
energy innovation and technology. For
Ted Surette is a Senior Energy
ARE DOING WELL AND WHY? Early movers in battery technology, example, the creation of hydrogen
Transition Advisor and Non- Companies have now moved in particular, have done well. These hubs across the country have
Executive Director at Providence beyond ambition and pledges and were primarily governments and spearheaded innovation to produce,
Asset Group - an investment are implementing specific actions energy companies - one of the first export and use hydrogen across a
firm developing a regional towards net zero - decarbonising big batteries to support renewable diversity of use cases.
community solar and hydrogen through better energy efficiency generation, was the Hornsdale
storage portfolio. He advises on
These clean energy collaborations
measures and using more firmed and battery in South Australia6 - which
clean energy technologies and and consortia are helping to solve
flexible renewable power generation. was enabled and financed largely by
strategic growth opportunities. the puzzle of how to best achieve net
Australia today still has a vibrant the South Australian government.
Ted was a partner with KPMG for zero. Today, Australia is a world leader
resource-based economy but has Back in 2017, this was the largest
33 years and was most recently in distributed clean energy. World
fast tracked the use of dispatchable lithium-ion battery in the world and is
the Head of KPMG’s Global
Power & Utility Sector. He is
”The last decade has been a call to action renewable power generation in heavy still providing essential grid-support
leader status means decarbonising
domestic industrial sectors such as
a Board Advisory Member of – how to solve the net zero puzzle…” industries such as mining, which is
now mostly electrified.
services today. This trend continues;
large advanced emission reduction
heavy manufacturing, progressing
the Hydrogen Energy Research new sectors like carbon capture and
technology investments continue
Centre - a collaboration with In Australia, wind generation has As ESG targets moved centre stage, sequestration, hydrogen, and green
WHAT HAVE BEEN THE BIGGEST CHANGES IN to be assisted by partnerships with
University of New South Wales
THE ENERGY MARKET OVER THE LAST DECADE? further accelerated. Back in 2021, organisations better understood steel, while also becoming a major
government and the scale of these
and Providence Asset Group. the decisions they needed to make. green commodity and technology
while there was already a strong projects further supports innovation
As the energy market transitions As companies translated their ESG exporter. That is how you action for
onshore wind industry across all and technology cost reductions.
toward net zero, there has been a purpose and commitments into net zero.
states, offshore wind generation was
significant decline in sector emissions. actual business strategy, in 2030, Also, as Scope 3 emissions targets
in its nascency; since then, we have
This is primarily due to the greening it is fully integrated into day-to-day were actioned, many companies
seen exponential growth in offshore
of the electricity generation sector, or, business operations. Some of the focused on how to make their supply
wind, primarily on the east coast of
more specifically, the decline of coal larger Australian companies in the chains more efficient and transparent.
Australia. Australia has also continued
fired power generation. In Australia, 2020’s did this by aligning their ESG As companies looked further
to expand its solar generation
the alignment of federal government climate metrics - based on objective downstream and decarbonising end
industry, meaning today, it still has
net zero ambitions with those of the science-based targets - to executive use consumer products and services
one of the highest rates of per capita
Australian states and the energy compensation. Others adopted the became a critical focus area, they have
rooftop solar generation in the world.
industry accelerated the transition. many external stakeholder reporting been able to address how they can
Over the past ten years, large scale
This situation, where government, frameworks, firstly across the breadth transform their whole supply chains to
utility solar has extended to regional
businesses and consumers all of their sustainability portfolio, and perform at net zero.
areas across the nation, facilitated by
supported a common goal and created then to the whole of their business.
the creation of multiple renewable
the actions needed to get there,
energy zones (REZ’s).
means that faster progress has been
made during this decade toward
decarbonising the energy system
6 https://hornsdalepowerreserve.com.au/
than any other so far.

WHAT HAS BEEN THE FINANCIAL MARKET The legal system has also played modern slavery was back in 2021, and
RESPONSE TO THE ENERGY TRANSITION a key role. Back in the early 2020s tobacco the decade before that. What
Tim Buckley BY 2030? there were landmark legal cases,
including in Holland and Australia,
was once niche is now fundamental
to good corporate governance, with
The financial risks of climate change
which enacted that governments and companies required to report under the
DIRECTOR OF ENERGY FINANCE have played a huge part in redefining
energy companies owed a fiduciary Task Force on Climate-related Financial
STUDIES, AUSTRALASIA attitudes in global financial markets.
duty of care to young people to not Disclosures12 as a pre-requisite to
Over the last 10 years, weather-related
INSTITUTE FOR ENERGY disasters have been pivotal in changing
cause physical harm from climate accessing global capital markets.
ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL change. These cases took evidence
investment behaviour. Governments WHAT IS THE ROLE OF ACTIVISTS IN THIS
from the Intergovernmental Panel
ANALYSIS (IEEFA) realised the extreme cost of inaction,
on Climate Change to stop the
NEW ENERGY WORLD OF 2030?
while high carbon emitting companies
expansion of the fossil fuels industry, In 2030, environmentalists aren't
understood that they could see swathes
recognising that their decisions would actively campaigning on climate change
of their operations become uninvestable
have consequences for the future anymore, they have stopped locking
and uninsurable. Without insurance,
generations. Judges decided that, in themselves to buildings and heavy
business activity is virtually impossible.
"Capitalism has been In financial services, these changes
the absence of any leadership from
politicians, they would institute court-
machinery. Boards gave in when their
young staff would just leave to join
redefined – companies started to gain traction back in 2021, imposed leadership predicated on the protesters, and the police were
who destroy the following the former Bank of England
Governor, Mark Carney’s net zero
intergenerational equity. too busy locking up corrupt politicians
caught by the Federal ICAC to worry
environment find it very emissions finance alliance. This was a WHAT FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS OR
in recent years with China’s renewed decade that Australia became the
about protesters like the now Swedish
pledge by over 160 institutions, with INITIATIVES HAVE INFLUENCED CLEAN
hard to operate." $88 trillion in assets, to steer the global ENERGY INVESTMENT DURING THIS DECADE? world leadership in clean energy and world’s largest exporter of seaborne
Prime Minister Greta Thunberg working
for the public good. Companies have
economy towards net-zero emissions its relaunch back in 2022 of its Green traded green ammonia and green iron
The most impactful has been the had to stop and listen, with social
and a 1.5 degrees C limit. In 2030, net Belt Road Initiative. The G-BRI has been ore, and soon to be the largest in green
emergence of the now universal price licence becoming critical to their right
Tim Buckley is the Director zero goals are entrenched across all a huge success, helping developing hydrogen, as the “blue” hydrogen figleaf
for carbon. Back in 2015-20, a globally to operate once we had the redefining
of Energy Finance Studies, mainstream financial sectors. countries across the Middle East, has been retired as the desperate last
accepted high carbon price seemed of capitalism that McKinsey called
Australia/South Asia at the Eurasia and Africa and allowing two roll of the dice by the fossil gas industry.
fanciful - particularly here in Australia, for back in 2020. In 2030, you cannot
Institute for Energy Economics The energy transformation intensified billion people to leapfrog the now
where the mere idea of it was politically operate a company which destroys the
and Financial Analysis. Tim has the risk of stranded assets for fossil obsolete fossil fuel energy system and HOW HAVE BANKS AND RATING AGENCIES
toxic, and a repeated Prime Minister environment or doesn’t treat workers of
30 years of financial markets fuel companies. Today, many younger transition to cleaner energy centred on DEVELOPED SOLUTIONS AND RISK
killer. The EU introducing first their all ages, genders and races respectfully -
experience, including as a investors haven’t even heard of some rooftop solar, batteries, electric scooters ASSESSMENTS FOR CLEANER ENERGY?
Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and and in many countries you cannot legally
top-rated analyst and head of of the oil companies; they have fallen and microgrids.
then the carbon border adjustment The financial community was asleep build new fossil fuel infrastructure
research with Citigroup and as out of the top indices and headed into
co-founder of Arkx Investment
mechanism in the 2020s changed In Australia, the government and at the wheel in the early days of the due to the now legally mandated
terminal decline. This is not true for all
everything; this EU and US border tax on financial community have had to energy transition. While trillions of ‘intergenerational equity’ protections.
Management, a global energy companies. Some transitioned high carbon imports meant companies introduce policies and take risks to dollars of capital were at risk from Companies have realised their brands
cleantech startup. fast; with change led by a new CEO, throughout the world had to reassess stranded assets, the central banks were bound up with their workforces’
chair or board, like the CEO of BP, catch up with the clean energy leaders.
their global supply chains. Now in in the early 2020s seemed to accept values; sustainability, respect for the
Bernard Looney, who announced Australia was a clean energy laggard,
2030, it's the global norm that we have that the large financial risks just had to environment and operating within our
a radical climate alignment back in sitting in the naughty corner along with
a carbon price of $150/tonne and it be accommodated. The major rating planetary boundaries.
2020 on his appointment. Strong a few recalcitrant Middle Eastern and
has been one of the best performing
Latin American countries. Change came agencies were buying up independent
independent leaders implemented new commodity indices.
with the states selling out of fossil fuels ESG and climate risk analysis firms to
stakeholder engagement policies which
Another important change was earlier and new federal legislation making it get skills in evaluating climate risk on
were open about the company’s core
this decade when both the EU and the illegal for fossil fuel companies to do property, businesses, fires, flooding and
business having no future. They were
USA mandated that key development government lobbying, “greenwash” satellite tracking of methane leaks. But
brave enough to say: we are in terminal
banks cease funding fossil fuels. The and/or to divest their way out of the it then took a long time for that analysis
decline, we will clean up the mess we
7 https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/biggest-
only subsidised funding for fossil fuel clean energy challenge. This gave many to be integrated into their financial
financial-players-back-net-zero spent over 50 years creating, and we
development came from Chinese of Australia’s leading companies the products and indices. Today, climate
8 http://envlaw.com.au/sharma/ won’t just fob off onto someone else the
banks. But even this has been in decline confidence to invest in new energy. change and clean energy are an integral
rehabilitation liabilities our firm created.
We forget that it was only in this last part of financial risk assessment, as

the meter smart technology. This has of clean energy solutions rather than accumulation of investment made
allowed the consumer to embrace their having one or two large assets. This in their skills, and companies need
Tim Nelson own technological solutions behind
their meters, allowing them to better
portfolio approach gives companies
a better platform to explore a wider
to make sure that the best return on
that investment is made. The pace
manage their energy consumption and set of new energy technologies and of energy industry change means
EXECUTIVE GENERAL
better employ the diversity of energy solutions with many now routinely companies must continue to develop
MANAGER, ENERGY MARKETS choices. Big data and machine learning using big data and machine learning to strategies for reshaping this workforce,
IBERDROLA AUSTRALIA also means smaller retail businesses build their own models. Utilities today not just annually - such as determining
can tailor their solutions more actively to understand and manage the risks of headcount and labour costs - but in the
individual consumers. This has created this energy market much better than longer term. Continually investing in
a retail energy market which is much they had done previously. their workforce so they can best adapt
more competitive, and an environment to this industry as it rapidly changes is
where consumers are far more satisfied WHAT DOES THE ENERGY WORKPLACE LOOK now critical.
with their utility provision than they LIKE IN 2030?
"In 2030, politicians are were 20 or 30 years ago.
The COVID-19 crisis of the early 2020s

looking back with a Clean energy has also transformed

energy industry notions of investment
provided the springboard for people
to reassess how work gets done and
sense of confusion and value. In previous decades, even it has resulted in a lot more people
working from home. In 2030, there is
Tim Nelson is the Executive
the most emission intensive projects
- how did something could still find financing, as people a greater acceptance by employers
General Manager, Energy Markets
at Infigen Energy (now Iberdrola
based on science had a view that they were necessary
to keep the lights on. Over time, as
that people can work remotely
permanently which has created a
Australia) where he oversees
reliant upon emissions intensive fuels the optimisation of Iberdrola
become such a HOW DID THE MAJOR CHANGES IN ENERGY
MARKETS HAPPEN? to develop alternative industries. the stranded asset risk became so more diverse workforce and is leading Australia’s portfolio of energy
to better shareholder returns.
political football? " Climate change shifted from being an
This has allowed energy businesses
in Australia to develop clean energy
material, write downs were common.
As the image of the industry became
production, energy pricing, risk
management, customer sales
Today, this new hybrid workforce is not
emotive political issue to a more risk- supply chains and create new value. more tarnished and the risk of stranded and various other channels to
only based in the inner cities but also in
based issue backed up by science. What Australia has seized the opportunity to assets grew, it also became very market. Previously, Tim has
the more remote parts of Australia. This
facilitated this shift was many countries transition an economy which derived important for businesses to better worked for the Australian Energy
has led to a shift in government planning
directly experiencing its impacts such nearly half of its export revenue from integrate their social licence to operate Market Commission (AEMC) and
- instead of making big cities the focus, was the Chief Economist of AGL
as huge wildfires and flooding - it emissions intensive commodities to - in order to maximise shareholder
more regional communities are being Energy and led the company's
meant clean energy rose to the top of one which is now based on hydrogen, value, energy businesses needed
supported and developed. This all goes public policy advocacy and its
government and board agendas. green metals, and in general has a to address the societal issues most
some way to alleviate the chronic sustainability and ESG strategy.
cleaner industrial sector. material and relevant to them. Before,
Energy market changes were also underemployment, income, and wealth
energy businesses were often chasing He is also a member of the
consumer driven. People were making inequality we have seen across Australia
what they thought was the lowest cost Westpac Stakeholder Advisory
clean energy into a lifestyle choice, HOW HAS INVESTMENT IN THE ENERGY and in many other countries too.
production, but it was only the lowest Council and is on the Research
they wanted to minimise their own SECTOR CHANGED?
cost for the proportion of energy that The energy transition has also Committee for the Centre for
environmental footprint. Solar PV, The energy transition has seen a huge the asset delivered, not the lowest cost provided a platform for the industry Policy Development.
battery storage, electric vehicles, shift in technology investment towards for them overall. to think about career evolution and
autonomous vehicles were all novel Tim is an Associate Professor
cleaner energy. The disruption in the upskilling. Many workers involved in
in previous decades but have now Energy investment today is smaller at Griffith University and
electricity sector in the late 2010s was the thermal generation industry have
become mainstream as consumer and is creating new business models. holds a PhD in economics for
already a leading indicator of what was been retrained through a focus on
interest in them grew. which he earned a Chancellors
to come - clean energy technologies The ability to raise $50 million for a new
‘just transition’ and have found work in Doctoral Research Medal and
becoming cheaper. Technology has solar plant or a wind farm is easier than
Australia, like many countries, changed some of the new innovative industries a first-class honours degree in
allowed consumers, both large and raising $2-3 billion for a new thermal
its politics and policies as pressure in and around clean tech. economics. Tim is also a fellow
small, to embrace their own solutions. plant. Also, as the renewable storage
around climate issues became of the Governance Institute (FGIA
The early proliferation of solar PV was industry develops, it is supporting What the transition has ultimately done
more pronounced. The government and FCIS) and a graduate of the
matched this decade by the adoption of investments in batteries or small zero is redefine an energy workforce. A
developed a “just” transition policy, Australian Institute of Company
behind the meter storage and behind emission fuel turbines and fuel cells, person working for an energy company
supporting communities previously Directors (GAICD).
allowing companies to build portfolios is not only an individual, but also an

Most importantly, global coal use is finally of battery storage in 2030. Natural Gas liquidity needed for carbon removal to
on the decline and this has had the most from LNG continues to supply towns and be considered as essential in the world’s
Tom Ridsdill-Smith significant impact of all the levers in
reducing global emissions as well as in
cities without access to pipeline supply and
has evolved to also allow smaller parcel-
decarbonisation efforts and to attract the
significant investment needed to deliver
improving local air quality. In the place of size deliveries to enhance its flexibility to it at scale.
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT CLIMATE coal, we’ve seen the growth of a range of respond to market demand.
Oil and gas companies have played an
low carbon options including renewable
WOODSIDE ENERGY Natural gas is considered in many important role in the energy transition
electricity, natural gas and nuclear power.
countries, particularly in Asia, to have a over the last decade. Their skillsets in
Low carbon hydrogen and ammonia long-term role in the energy mix in the large-scale energy production have
are also starting to play a minor but 2030s and 2040s as the LNG becomes proved invaluable in the establishment of
important role replacing traditional “grey increasingly decarbonised across the a global hydrogen and ammonia supply
hydrogen” in industrial applications, entire value chain. Emitting only half the chain. The energy transition has needed
as well as in newly created markets in amount of carbon dioxide per unit of investment on a scale never before seen
power and heavy transport. This includes energy compared to coal, natural gas has in history, and oil and gas companies
both “green” hydrogen generated from proved economically attractive to couple have been significant contributors to this
As Senior Vice President
renewables with no direct emissions and with carbon-removal technology, in order too, redirecting their significant funding
Climate, Dr Tom Ridsdill-Smith
“blue” hydrogen generated from natural to produce produce a carbon neutral capacity from oil and gas projects into
is leading Woodside’s approach gas with carbon capture and storage used energy source. building profitable low carbon energy and
to climate change and has to create a carbon-neutral process. carbon-removal businesses that will thrive
oversight of the initiatives Expanding the global Paris-aligned carbon
in the coming decades as the world steers
Woodside is pursuing to limit Looking forward, the demand for budget by creating a much larger carbon-
relentlessly towards Paris success.
emissions and prepare for a hydrogen and ammonia is going to removal market over the 2020s has
low carbon future. Prior to this, skyrocket as the pilot-scale projects allowed countries more flexibility in their
Tom worked in a variety of from the 2020s expand into full-scale energy choices in the 2030s. For example,
roles at Woodside including VP production in the 2030s to supply rapidly Japan and South Korea, with geographies
Geoscience, VP Science, Chief The 2020s have been a decade of This hasn’t been easy and we’ve maturing energy markets in Asia. Much of and climates that limited their ability to
Digital Officer, Chief Scientist had to pull on every technological, the hydrogen and ammonia supply to Asia expand wind and solar, plan to continue
action on climate change. Against
and Chief Geophysicist. political and financial lever we have is likely to come from large-scale export to use natural gas together with carbon-
a backdrop of increasing energy
to achieve these gains. Governments projects in Australia and the Middle East removal services to meet their energy
Before joining Woodside in early demand, driven by a global population
and companies took early action in the that have access to cheap renewables needs and their ambitious decarbonisation
2000, Tom worked for 5 years in that has grown by 750 million
2020s to reduce emissions, focussing for green hydrogen, as well as natural targets over the next decade. Again,
airborne geophysics at World people and the huge expansion of
on practical solutions that could be gas feedstock and carbon capture and looking to keep decarbonisation options
Geoscience. the middle class in developing Asia, storage (CCS) for blue. open rather than narrowing them down
rapidly implemented to meet the specific
countries have started to make major has proved key.
Tom is also an Adjunct Professor needs of their economies and markets, Natural gas remains an important part of
progress towards decarbonising the
of Physics at the University of breaking the deadlock from the previous the energy mix in 2030. Countries with The growth of the global carbon-
world’s energy system. There is now
Western Australia. decade created by the effort to seek the existing natural gas and LNG infrastructure removal market in the 2020s covered
increasing optimism in the global
“perfect” global pathway and wait for a are keen to continue to utilise it, allowing a range of technologies including CCS
community that the goals of the Paris “silver bullet” technology. them to prioritise their financing towards and various nature-based solutions
agreement are within reach.
Massive investment in solar and wind the decommissioning of coal and the such as native reforestation and soil
energy has resulted in these technologies build-out of renewables in the power carbon. This was greatly boosted by the
“I n 2030, the natural now delivering over 10% of global energy sector. In these countries, natural gas is successful adoption of global standards
seen as complimentary to renewables, and certification for these solutions, and
gas industry still has supply, a nearly five-fold increase over the
decade. But that still means that other providing flexibility to the energy system the ratification of global carbon-trading

a lot to offer…” options are critical to supply most of the

remaining energy needs of the planet.
through its ability to be easily transported
and stored to support seasonal variations in
agreements during the early part of the
decade. Together these breakthroughs
energy demand still beyond the capability created the trust, transparency and

“As the energy

transition
progresses and Acknowledgments
is dominated by This report was very much a team effort.

technology, there A special thank you to Sofia Lanfranconi, Laura Woolford, Ania Bokina,
Louisa Keegan, Lisa Maroun, Ashley de Silva, Ted Surette, Julie Adams,

is increasing
Chris Whiting, Nyk Loates, Bridget Leonard, Charlie Hunter, Steve Keast,
Phil Marsden, Ken Chung, Barry Sterland, James Arnott, Christiane Brendel,
Ryan Wolton, Scott Mesley, Mark Davies, Jackie Sharp, Adrian Farrant,
Theodora Iliadis, Merriden Varrall, Alistair Fraser, Ben Twartz, Janenie Mohgan,

evidence of the
Jacob Hacker, Sophie Tversky, Sandrine Foskett , Yolanda Stead, Steve Clarke,
Praveen Thakur, Ben Ellis, Jon Benton, Rebecca Alexander-Heard,
Sophie Finemore, James Copsey, Marjorie Johnston, Kat Parry, Yuki Takeda,
Rachel Yeung, Rory McLean, Clinton Botha, Kirsten Brown, Naomi Rahim, Ning

technology haves
Hadiningsih, Rob Catalfamo, Cat May, Elli Schroeder and Linda Davies

and have nots.”

JUSTINE JARVINEN
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
UNSW ENERGY INSTITUTE

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation. Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation.
Contact us

Cassandra Hogan James Mabbott

National Industry Leader Partner in Charge
Energy & Natural Resources KPMG Futures
[email protected] [email protected]

Matt Pearce
National Sector Leader
Power & Utilities
[email protected]

Nick Harridge
National Sector Leader
Mining
[email protected]

Jonathon Peacock
National Sector Leader
Oil & Gas
[email protected]

KPMG.com/au/xxxxxxxxxxx

The information contained in this document is of a general nature and is not intended to address the objectives, financial situation or needs of any particular individual or entity. It is provided
for information purposes only and does not constitute, nor should it be regarded in any manner whatsoever, as advice and is not intended to influence a person in making a decision, including,
if applicable, in relation to any financial product or an interest in a financial product. Although we endeavour to provide accurate and timely information, there can be no guarantee that such
information is accurate as of the date it is received or that it will continue to be accurate in the future. No one should act on such information without appropriate professional advice after a
thorough examination of the particular situation.
To the extent permissible by law, KPMG and its associated entities shall not be liable for any errors, omissions, defects or misrepresentations in the information or for any loss or damage
suffered by persons who use or rely on such information (including for reasons of negligence, negligent misstatement or otherwise).
©2021 KPMG, an Australian partnership and a member firm of the KPMG global organisation of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Limited, a private English
company limited by guarantee. All rights reserved.
The KPMG name and logo are trademarks used under license by the independent member firms of the KPMG global organisation.

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation.

August 2021. 696709516ENR.

Clean Energy Australia 2024
No ratings yet
Clean Energy Australia 2024
96 pages
DNV GL Energy Transition Outlook 2019 - Executive Summary Lowres Single
No ratings yet
DNV GL Energy Transition Outlook 2019 - Executive Summary Lowres Single
40 pages
HRM Case 1
No ratings yet
HRM Case 1
3 pages
KPMG 30 Voices On The Future of Energy
No ratings yet
KPMG 30 Voices On The Future of Energy
88 pages
30 Voices On 2030 Future of Space
No ratings yet
30 Voices On 2030 Future of Space
92 pages
KPMG Energy Transition Investment Outlook 2025 Beyond 1735078758
No ratings yet
KPMG Energy Transition Investment Outlook 2025 Beyond 1735078758
49 pages
Schneider Electric Sustainability Index 2023 Report
No ratings yet
Schneider Electric Sustainability Index 2023 Report
28 pages
Active Energy Management Ebook
No ratings yet
Active Energy Management Ebook
25 pages
Global Tech Report Enrc.pdf.Coredownload.inline
No ratings yet
Global Tech Report Enrc.pdf.Coredownload.inline
16 pages
Accenture New Energy Consumer Deliver New Energy Experiences
No ratings yet
Accenture New Energy Consumer Deliver New Energy Experiences
36 pages
Powering Up - Business Perspectives On Shifting To Renewable Electricity - Report
No ratings yet
Powering Up - Business Perspectives On Shifting To Renewable Electricity - Report
60 pages
Energy Megatrends: UTP MBA - Energy Value Chain 5 September 2020
No ratings yet
Energy Megatrends: UTP MBA - Energy Value Chain 5 September 2020
35 pages
The 5 Most Recommended Green Energy Provider in India
No ratings yet
The 5 Most Recommended Green Energy Provider in India
36 pages
Navigating The Energy Transition Client Discussion Deck
No ratings yet
Navigating The Energy Transition Client Discussion Deck
56 pages
Deloitte Uk Mining and Metals Decarbonization
No ratings yet
Deloitte Uk Mining and Metals Decarbonization
10 pages
(8df34a7c 1a1d 4ca2 A02b Dfe402a571cc) 6296 21NOV23 Energy Transition Insights Report 2023
No ratings yet
(8df34a7c 1a1d 4ca2 A02b Dfe402a571cc) 6296 21NOV23 Energy Transition Insights Report 2023
31 pages
Report Energy and Carbon Managing The Risks
No ratings yet
Report Energy and Carbon Managing The Risks
30 pages
B& C Energy Report 2021
No ratings yet
B& C Energy Report 2021
80 pages
Energy Transition Investment Report 2021 - V11
No ratings yet
Energy Transition Investment Report 2021 - V11
16 pages
Global Insights Green Jobs Report
No ratings yet
Global Insights Green Jobs Report
10 pages
BP Energy Outlook 2020
100% (3)
BP Energy Outlook 2020
81 pages
ESG Trends 2023
No ratings yet
ESG Trends 2023
8 pages
CNBC SE TheNewEnergyWorld FINALREPORT
No ratings yet
CNBC SE TheNewEnergyWorld FINALREPORT
28 pages
2024 Oil and Gas Industry Outlook - Deloitte Insights
No ratings yet
2024 Oil and Gas Industry Outlook - Deloitte Insights
28 pages
CSIRO Energy Transport Sector Outlook 2020
No ratings yet
CSIRO Energy Transport Sector Outlook 2020
63 pages
Deloitte Survey - Full Results - Age of Plenty For Natural Gas - 12.9.09
No ratings yet
Deloitte Survey - Full Results - Age of Plenty For Natural Gas - 12.9.09
14 pages
KB The Energy Landscape Opportunities 07042024
No ratings yet
KB The Energy Landscape Opportunities 07042024
7 pages
GX Tracking The Trends 2022 Digital
No ratings yet
GX Tracking The Trends 2022 Digital
61 pages
BP Energy Outlook 2022
No ratings yet
BP Energy Outlook 2022
57 pages
A Game Changers
No ratings yet
A Game Changers
24 pages
Sustainable Business Revolution 2030
100% (1)
Sustainable Business Revolution 2030
28 pages
Iea PV Map
No ratings yet
Iea PV Map
48 pages
GX Mining and Metals Decarbonization
No ratings yet
GX Mining and Metals Decarbonization
17 pages
5902 13DEC22 Whitepaper V1
No ratings yet
5902 13DEC22 Whitepaper V1
21 pages
KPMG - Futuresphere 2024
No ratings yet
KPMG - Futuresphere 2024
42 pages
The 2030 Decarbonization Challange - The Path To The Future of Energy - Dynamic PDF - FINAL
100% (1)
The 2030 Decarbonization Challange - The Path To The Future of Energy - Dynamic PDF - FINAL
31 pages
Foresight Study Energy Transition
No ratings yet
Foresight Study Energy Transition
33 pages
Technology Roadmap - Solar Photo Voltaic Energy
No ratings yet
Technology Roadmap - Solar Photo Voltaic Energy
49 pages
World Energy Outlook 2019: Dr. Fatih Birol, IEA Executive Director Oslo, 26 November
No ratings yet
World Energy Outlook 2019: Dr. Fatih Birol, IEA Executive Director Oslo, 26 November
14 pages
Arg 2020 El Reto de Descarbonizacion 2030 Petroleo Gas
No ratings yet
Arg 2020 El Reto de Descarbonizacion 2030 Petroleo Gas
20 pages
Voices On 2030 Fs Reinvented Web
No ratings yet
Voices On 2030 Fs Reinvented Web
88 pages
DNV GL Energy Transition Outlook 2019 - Power Supply and Use Single Lowres
No ratings yet
DNV GL Energy Transition Outlook 2019 - Power Supply and Use Single Lowres
84 pages
Technology roadmap solar photovoltaic energy 2014 edition. Edition Oecd pdf download
No ratings yet
Technology roadmap solar photovoltaic energy 2014 edition. Edition Oecd pdf download
93 pages
AT - 0330 - EB - Digitalization Strategies in Sustainability - 0123
No ratings yet
AT - 0330 - EB - Digitalization Strategies in Sustainability - 0123
16 pages
Converging Trends 2033 The Long View
No ratings yet
Converging Trends 2033 The Long View
21 pages
GETI Report 2023 Web Version
No ratings yet
GETI Report 2023 Web Version
74 pages
2024 Sustainability Trends
No ratings yet
2024 Sustainability Trends
6 pages
Energy Leaders in India 2024 v14 LR 1
No ratings yet
Energy Leaders in India 2024 v14 LR 1
56 pages
DNV - Framework of The Future - Evolving Policy Trends and The Future of The Energy Industry (2024)
No ratings yet
DNV - Framework of The Future - Evolving Policy Trends and The Future of The Energy Industry (2024)
13 pages
GETI 2022 Web Version
No ratings yet
GETI 2022 Web Version
96 pages
PWC ESG Trends 2023
No ratings yet
PWC ESG Trends 2023
15 pages
Guide: Energy Technology Roadmaps
No ratings yet
Guide: Energy Technology Roadmaps
32 pages
Final Report - Group 2 - MenB
No ratings yet
Final Report - Group 2 - MenB
17 pages
Accenture Resources Focus Energie Period Transition Oil Industry 2010 2020
No ratings yet
Accenture Resources Focus Energie Period Transition Oil Industry 2010 2020
8 pages
DNV ETO Main Report 2023 Highres Comp
No ratings yet
DNV ETO Main Report 2023 Highres Comp
211 pages
CAREC Energy Strategy 2030: Common Borders. Common Solutions. Common Energy Future.
From Everand
CAREC Energy Strategy 2030: Common Borders. Common Solutions. Common Energy Future.
Asian Development Bank
No ratings yet
Wind energy: A gender perspective
From Everand
Wind energy: A gender perspective
International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA
1/5 (1)
Quality Jobs and the Future of Work in Asia and the Pacific: Impacts of a Triple Transition—Demographic, Digital, and Green
From Everand
Quality Jobs and the Future of Work in Asia and the Pacific: Impacts of a Triple Transition—Demographic, Digital, and Green
Asian Development Bank
No ratings yet
2021 Energy Policy of the Asian Development Bank: Supporting Low-Carbon Transition in Asia and the Pacific
From Everand
2021 Energy Policy of the Asian Development Bank: Supporting Low-Carbon Transition in Asia and the Pacific
Asian Development Bank
No ratings yet
Review of the ADB Clean Energy Program
From Everand
Review of the ADB Clean Energy Program
Asian Development Bank
No ratings yet
Strategy 2030 Energy Sector Directional Guide: Inclusive, Just, and Affordable Low-Carbon Transition in Asia and the Pacific
From Everand
Strategy 2030 Energy Sector Directional Guide: Inclusive, Just, and Affordable Low-Carbon Transition in Asia and the Pacific
Asian Development Bank
No ratings yet
1 - 505minmi Road - Two Visions 1
100% (1)
1 - 505minmi Road - Two Visions 1
7 pages
City of Newcastle Minutes
No ratings yet
City of Newcastle Minutes
2 pages
Turning Down The Gas Report
No ratings yet
Turning Down The Gas Report
56 pages
Correspondence - McCloy To DR Ken Henry
No ratings yet
Correspondence - McCloy To DR Ken Henry
5 pages
505 Minmi Road
No ratings yet
505 Minmi Road
4 pages
Minmi - Open Space - Submission Final
100% (1)
Minmi - Open Space - Submission Final
5 pages
Future Directions
No ratings yet
Future Directions
3 pages
Hunter 2023 A New Energy Publication FINAL
No ratings yet
Hunter 2023 A New Energy Publication FINAL
13 pages
Cessnock and Lake Macquarie and Fact Sheet (A4) (1) - 4
No ratings yet
Cessnock and Lake Macquarie and Fact Sheet (A4) (1) - 4
1 page
060923
No ratings yet
060923
5 pages
Deltas Dirt Deeds Done Dirt Cheap - Impacts of Vales Point Power Station On Lake Macquarie
No ratings yet
Deltas Dirt Deeds Done Dirt Cheap - Impacts of Vales Point Power Station On Lake Macquarie
60 pages
Judgement - (2022) NSWLEC 64
No ratings yet
Judgement - (2022) NSWLEC 64
34 pages
OneCrown Health Check Report - Redacted
No ratings yet
OneCrown Health Check Report - Redacted
50 pages
Cessnock and Lake Macquarie and Fact Sheet
No ratings yet
Cessnock and Lake Macquarie and Fact Sheet
4 pages
B-H Climate Corridors Alliance REPORT
No ratings yet
B-H Climate Corridors Alliance REPORT
61 pages
NSW Ports Letter
No ratings yet
NSW Ports Letter
2 pages
R - EPA817 - 3. Letter - EPA To Attorney General Vales Point Power Station - 15 December 2021 Licence Variation Decision PDF
No ratings yet
R - EPA817 - 3. Letter - EPA To Attorney General Vales Point Power Station - 15 December 2021 Licence Variation Decision PDF
4 pages
Port of Newcastle - Hydrogen Plans
No ratings yet
Port of Newcastle - Hydrogen Plans
6 pages
City of Newcastle Letter 220317
No ratings yet
City of Newcastle Letter 220317
1 page
Attachment B - Response From TFNSW
No ratings yet
Attachment B - Response From TFNSW
2 pages
PBO Costing - Looking After Coal Workers
No ratings yet
PBO Costing - Looking After Coal Workers
8 pages
10 Essential Books For Active Traders
80% (5)
10 Essential Books For Active Traders
6 pages
Worldmap Slides Powerpoint Template
No ratings yet
Worldmap Slides Powerpoint Template
20 pages
Financial Management in The Sport Industry 2nd Brown Solution Manualdownload
100% (8)
Financial Management in The Sport Industry 2nd Brown Solution Manualdownload
43 pages
Accounts Finc001 Updated Case Study
No ratings yet
Accounts Finc001 Updated Case Study
22 pages
Southern Mindanao Colleges Pagadian City: Jeep Accel 2
No ratings yet
Southern Mindanao Colleges Pagadian City: Jeep Accel 2
8 pages
Style Trends:: Ayesha Rana Nabeel Ahmad Sadia Anwar Waqar Tariq
No ratings yet
Style Trends:: Ayesha Rana Nabeel Ahmad Sadia Anwar Waqar Tariq
11 pages
The 10cs of Supplier Selection Essential Notes Only
No ratings yet
The 10cs of Supplier Selection Essential Notes Only
6 pages
MCS Role in Organization
No ratings yet
MCS Role in Organization
374 pages
TATAMF - Common Application Form (DEC 2017)
No ratings yet
TATAMF - Common Application Form (DEC 2017)
6 pages
Chữa Bài Chi Tiết: Homework
No ratings yet
Chữa Bài Chi Tiết: Homework
4 pages
Bba Micro Unit 5
No ratings yet
Bba Micro Unit 5
28 pages
Mahusay-Bsa416 E-Portfolio
No ratings yet
Mahusay-Bsa416 E-Portfolio
15 pages
Public Procurement I Notes
No ratings yet
Public Procurement I Notes
43 pages
Project Management
No ratings yet
Project Management
20 pages
International Financial Management 10th Edition Eun Unlocked Test Bank
No ratings yet
International Financial Management 10th Edition Eun Unlocked Test Bank
314 pages
Registration For ION Group Recruitment Drive - 2024 Graduating Batch
No ratings yet
Registration For ION Group Recruitment Drive - 2024 Graduating Batch
3 pages
Epb MT103-1 PDF
No ratings yet
Epb MT103-1 PDF
10 pages
Nature and Formation of Partnership
No ratings yet
Nature and Formation of Partnership
23 pages
SCF Payments
No ratings yet
SCF Payments
52 pages
Yearly Payslip PDF
No ratings yet
Yearly Payslip PDF
1 page
Act 833
No ratings yet
Act 833
43 pages
Local Government and Decentralisation in Cameroon: Africa
No ratings yet
Local Government and Decentralisation in Cameroon: Africa
4 pages
Sonia Arenaza, August 2014, Digital Financial Services and Microfinance, State of Play
No ratings yet
Sonia Arenaza, August 2014, Digital Financial Services and Microfinance, State of Play
19 pages
Lapsation in Life Insurance: The No-Win Deal
No ratings yet
Lapsation in Life Insurance: The No-Win Deal
52 pages
StartupLanes WhatApp and Telegram Group Charter-1
No ratings yet
StartupLanes WhatApp and Telegram Group Charter-1
17 pages
Initiating Coverage Building Materials 16072025 2-16-07 2025 10
No ratings yet
Initiating Coverage Building Materials 16072025 2-16-07 2025 10
54 pages
Adrian Et Al - 2013
No ratings yet
Adrian Et Al - 2013
56 pages
Positive Impacts of Tourism On The Environment
100% (1)
Positive Impacts of Tourism On The Environment
4 pages
Ficher Combiné
No ratings yet
Ficher Combiné
119 pages

KPMG 30 Voices On 2030 The Future of Energy Report 300921

Uploaded by

KPMG 30 Voices On 2030 The Future of Energy Report 300921

Uploaded by

30 VOICES

Why 30 Voices on 2030 – The Future of Energy?

Contents Predictions for 2030

PREDICTIONS FOR 2030 07

Jemma Green, Powerledger 46 Tim Buckley, IEEFA 80

In an evolving Net zero is a Governments Technology focus “Green The decarbonisation

Predictions 1. The Energy Mix of 2030

for 2030 Renewables are Closure of coal-

It’s 2030. The energy industry landscape looks

2. ESG and the

4. People and Talent –

6. Beyond Net Zero – the Push

“For any sort of new cheaper than green hydrogen but

Alan has executed complex transactions across broad industry

both blue and green have dominated the evolution of the

Alexandra fossil fuels to green energy, whether

and servers - which weren’t optimised or

resilient it becomes.” the way to achieve similar goals. We

“In 2030, we are

“The solar tipping being a net exporter of dirty fossil fuels

in a small space to domestically. Widespread EV adoption

“Consumers have cheaper renewable power when it’s

electricity bills while available or not. They trust us to

more of an individual choice. Their power

If the pace of change is now picking

conversation is by clear government guidelines and

we get there...” transportation and construction.

WHAT HAS THE MINING SECTOR DONE OVER

“In 2030 energy and

or supplements the loss of income from

in this new energy world.” example, setting up in parts of Australia

for activities on the Moon and in space

technology, efficiency, development and is the main reason

the grid. So, we developed technology and

We have also seen a campaign to ensure

HOW ARE THE COMPETING VOICES AND

“I t’s a very challenging

The geopolitical energy landscape This is having a knock-on effect on

Robert J. Johnston previous decades. The biggest change

transition has led producing materials like lithium and

Sally-Ann Williams “Energy industry innovation is growing; it could have

through reducing Horizon technology gift for in a sustainable manner. Having a

emissions through and firming renewable power. In

looking back with a Clean energy has also transformed

a lot to offer…” options are critical to supply most of the

“As the energy

and have nots.”

Cassandra Hogan James Mabbott

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation.

You might also like

“For any sort of new cheaper than green hydrogen but

“In 2030, we are

“The solar tipping being a net exporter of dirty fossil fuels

“Consumers have cheaper renewable power when it’s

“In 2030 energy and

“I t’s a very challenging

Sally-Ann Williams “Energy industry innovation is growing; it could have

“As the energy