Fortifications - History of Architecture

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1. Fortification defensive structure 9. bastion

2. motte and
bailey

type of castle consisting of a raised earth

projecting part of a fortification
mound (motte) and the courtyard enclosed by
an outer wall (bailey) as its base 10. flank part of the bastion that extends from the curtain to
the face
3. palisade
11. face outer sides of a bastion
12. shoulder the angle between the face and the flank of a
bastion
13. outwork A minor defensive position established beyond a
main fortified area
14. ravelin A V-shaped outwork outside the main ditch of a
fortress, covering the works between two bastions.
a fence of pales or stakes set firmly in the 15. glacis
ground
4. pale pointed stick or stake
5. circumvallate Surrounded by or as if by a rampart
6. sally port

the bare, sloping embankment before a fortification

16. rampart an embankment built around a space for defensive
purposes
17. escarp

A gateway in a fortification permitting a large

number of troops.
7. curtain An enclosing wall connecting two bastions or
towers.
8. terreplein top platform of a rampart where guns are The inner slope or wall of the ditch surrounding a
mounted rampart. Also called scarp.
18. counterscarp 28. moat

The exterior slope or wall of the ditch A ditch on the outside of a fortress wall.
surrounding a rampart.
29. battlement
19. parapet a defensive wall or elevation in a fortification
20. berm ledge between the exterior slope of a
rampart and the moat of a fortification
21. cordon A projecting course of stones below the
parapet of a rampart.
22. castle a large building formerly occupied by a ruler
and fortified against attack
a defense wall with alternating high and low
23. citadel fortress or stronghold in or near a city
sections; aka EMBATTLEMENT
24. enceinte fortified wall encircling castle or town
30. merlon
25. barbican A defensive gatehouse at the entrance of a
castle
26. portcullis

the protruding tooth part of the dental work

atop the castle
sliding iron door hung over castle entrance 31. crenel any of the open spaces between the merlons of
27. drawbridge a battlement
32. embrasure a small opening in a parapet of a fortified
building
33. loophole A small or narrow opening in a wall of a
fortification for the discharge of projectiles
34. eyelet A small aperture in the wall of a medieval
castle used as a window or loophole; aka
OILLET, OYELET
35. chemin- continuous gangway providing a means of
a bridge that can be raised or lowered over a de-ronde communication behind the rampart of a fortified
moat wall
36. ward on open space within or between the walls of a
castle
37. keep the inner stronghold of the castle; aka DONJON
38. bower a woman's private chamber
39. necessarium 46. brattice

privy in a castle or monastery (Figure C)

40. dungeon underground prison
41. oubliette a dungeon with the only entrance or exit being
a trap door in the ceiling A temporary wooden fortification in
42. great hall main eating and living area in most castles. medieval architecture, erected at the top of a
wall during a siege.
43. turret
47. machicolation

projection in battlement through which

a small tower; aka TOURELLE
objects can be dropped
44. bartizan
48. Norman A period in the history of architecture in
Architecture England; known as the "English Romanesque"
or "Twelfth Century Style"; general
appearance is bold and massive, and
presents many similarities with the
architecture in Normandy

a small structure overhanging or projecting

turret often at a corner
45. postern a back door or gate