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Lecture - 8 Notes Structure of Atom

The document discusses d-orbital shapes and properties. It notes that d-orbitals have a double-dumbell shape with 5 axes: dxy, dyz, dxz, dx2-y2, and dz2. The dxy, dyz, and dxz axes have lobes oriented at 45 degree angles and are known as Gerade axes. The dz2 axis has a donut or "baby soother" shape. All d-orbital energies are degenerate. F-orbitals have a complex triple-dumbell shape with 7 axes, each with 3 nodal planes and degenerate energies allowing up to 14 electrons. The document also briefly discusses Aufbau's principle,

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80 views2 pages

Lecture - 8 Notes Structure of Atom

The document discusses d-orbital shapes and properties. It notes that d-orbitals have a double-dumbell shape with 5 axes: dxy, dyz, dxz, dx2-y2, and dz2. The dxy, dyz, and dxz axes have lobes oriented at 45 degree angles and are known as Gerade axes. The dz2 axis has a donut or "baby soother" shape. All d-orbital energies are degenerate. F-orbitals have a complex triple-dumbell shape with 7 axes, each with 3 nodal planes and degenerate energies allowing up to 14 electrons. The document also briefly discusses Aufbau's principle,

Uploaded by

rahul tud
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biomentors Classes Online, Mumbai

www.biomentors.online
Day -6 Chemistry Class Notes
d-Orbital

1. Double-dumb bell shape.

om
2. 5 axis dxy , dyz , dxz , 𝑑𝑥2 −𝑦2 , 𝑑𝑧2

l.c
• Lobes of dxy , dyz , dxz Axis are concentrated at
angle of 450 .
• It means it orients between the axis.

ai
• It is known as Gerade axis.
• dz 2 is also called donut shape also called baby soother shape − orbital.
gm
• Energy of all d-orbitals are same and it is known as degenerated axis.

• In case dxy , dyz , dxz , 𝑑𝑥2 −𝑦2 orbital have 2 nodal planes.
@

• Total nodal plane= 8.


ul

• 𝑑𝑧2 −No Nodal plane.


ah

Shape of f- orbitals

• Complex or triple dumb-bell shape


ar

• 7 axis
aa

• Each axis have 3 Nodal plane

• Energy of all 7 axis are same


dr

• Maximum 14 𝑒 −
ru

Electronic configuration

Aufbau’s Principle

The word Aufbau means building up:

The filling of electron in the orbitals is due to increasing order of energy.

The electron first occupy the orbital of minimum energy.

1𝑠, 2𝑠, 2𝑝, 3𝑠, 3𝑝, 4𝑠, 3𝑑, 4𝑝, 5𝑠

1
1
om
l.c
ai
Hund’s Rule gm
For filling of electron in degenerated orbitals.

Pairing of 𝑒 − will not takes place until all the available orbitals are singly filled.
@

Pauli’s Exclusion principle


ul

No two electron can have exist in same spin or same quantum state.
ah

𝟏𝒔, 𝟐𝒔, 𝟐𝑷, 𝟑𝒔, 𝟑𝑷, 𝟒𝒔, 𝟑𝒅, 𝟒𝑷, 𝟓𝒔

𝑨𝒍 → [𝑵𝒆]𝟑𝒔𝟐 𝟑𝑷𝟏
ar

𝑺𝒊 → [𝑵𝒆]𝟑𝒔𝟐 𝟑𝒑𝟐
aa

𝑷 → [𝑵𝒆]𝟑𝒔𝟐 𝟑𝒑𝟑

𝑺 → [𝑵𝒆]𝟑𝒔𝟐 𝟑𝒑𝟒
dr

𝑪𝒍 → [𝑵𝒆]𝟑𝒔𝟐𝟑𝒑𝟓

𝑨𝒓 → [𝑵𝒆]𝟑𝒔𝟐 𝟑𝑷𝟔
ru

𝟏𝒔, 𝟐𝒔, 𝟐𝑷, 𝟑𝒔, 𝟑𝑷, 𝟒𝒔, 𝟑𝒅, 𝟒𝑷, 𝟓𝒔

𝟏𝟗𝒌 − 𝟏𝒔𝟐 𝟐𝒔𝟐 𝟐𝒑𝟔 𝟑𝒔𝟐 𝟑𝑷𝟔 𝟒𝒔𝟏

𝟐𝟎𝑪𝒂 − 𝟏𝒔𝟐 𝟐𝒔𝟐 𝟐𝑷𝟔 𝟑𝒔𝟐𝟑𝑷𝟔 𝟒𝑺𝟐

𝟐𝟏𝑺𝒄 − 𝟏𝒔𝟐 𝟐𝒔𝟐 𝟐𝑷𝟔 𝟑𝒔𝟐𝟑𝑷𝟔 𝟒𝒔𝟐 𝟑𝒔𝟏

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