Toaz - Info Acca f3 LRP Questions PR
Toaz - Info Acca f3 LRP Questions PR
QUESTIONS
F A/FF A: F INAN C IAL ACCO UNTING
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
1 Which of the following explanations of prudence most closely follows that in IASB’s
Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements?
A The application of a degree of caution in exercising judgement under conditions of
uncertainty
B Revenue and profits are not recognised until realised, and provision is made for all
known liabilities
C All legislation and accounting standards have been complied with
D Understatement of assets or gains and overstatement of liabilities or losses
2 The accounting basis or convention which, in times of rising prices, tends to understate asset
values and overstate profit is the:
A going concern basis
B prudence convention
C realisation convention
D historical cost convention
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DOUBLE ENTRY BOOKKEEPING
3 Which of the following items appear on the same side of the trial balance?
A Capital and Sales
B Purchases and discounts received
C Motor expenses and Loan account
D Accrued income and accumulated depreciation
4 Andy has started a business and transferred his computer, worth $1,500 into the business.
What are the accounting entries to record this?
A Dr Capital Cr Computer equipment
B Dr Computer equipment Cr Capital
C Dr Computer equipment Cr Drawings
D Dr Drawings Cr Computer equipment
5 Sara has the following information regarding her credit sales from the sales day book.
Total sales including sales tax $54,000
Sales excluding sales tax $45,000
Sales tax $9,000
How would she record the entries in the ledger accounts?
A Dr Sales tax $9,000
Dr Sales $54,000
Cr Receivables control account $45,000
B Dr Receivables control account $54,000
Dr Sales tax $9,000
Cr Sales $45,000
C Dr Sales tax $54,000
Dr Sales $45,000
Cr Receivables control account $9,000
D Dr Receivables control account $54,000
Cr Sales tax $9,000
Cr Sales $45,000
6 The correct entry for recording discounts given to customers, in the main ledger is:
A Dr Discounts allowed Cr Receivables control account
B Dr Receivables control account Cr Discounts allowed
C Dr Receivables control account Cr Discounts received
D Dr Discounts received Cr Receivables control account
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F A/FF A: F INAN C IAL ACCO UNTING
7 Farah started the month with an overdrawn balance of $1,750 per the bank statement.
What is the balance per the bank account after the following transactions in November?
1 Farah withdraws $225 per month to cover living expenses.
2 A settlement discount of $20 is taken by Farah on a purchase of $650.
3 An amount of $500 is received from a credit customer.
4 Bankings of $1,300 from petty cash.
A $805 credit
B $805 debit
C $2,695 credit
D $825 debit
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SALES TAX
8 Donna is registered for sales tax. During June, she sells goods with a tax exclusive price of $750
to Kay on credit. As Kay is buying a large quantity of goods, Donna reduces the price by 5%.
She also offers a discount of another 2% if Kay pays within 10 days. Kay does not pay within
the 10 days.
If sales tax is charged at 20%, what amount should Donna charge on this transaction?
A $142.50
B $150.00
C $147.15
D $139.65
9 At 1 March 20X5 Lauren owed the tax authorities $27,338. During the month of March, she
recorded the following transactions:
Sales of $750,000 inclusive of 20% sales tax.
Purchases of $450,000 exclusive of sales tax.
What is the balance on Lauren’s sales tax account at the end of March?
A $60,000
B $62,338
C $35,000
D $7,662
10 If sales (including sales tax) amounted to $26,612.50, and purchases (excluding sales tax)
amounted to $15,000, what would be the balance on the sales tax account, assuming all
items are subject to tax at 20%?
A $1,435.42
B $2,822.50
C $2,322.50
D $3,887.08
11 In the quarter ended 30 June 20X2, Chandler had taxable sales, net of sales tax, of $90,000 and
taxable purchases, net of sales tax, of $72,000.
If the rate of sales tax is 10%, how much sales tax is due?
A $3,000
B $10,800
C $1,800
D $7,200
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F A/FF A: F INAN C IAL ACCO UNTING
12 A summary of the transactions of Bilko, who is registered for sales tax at 10%, shows the
following for the month of January 20X9.
Outputs $60,000 (exclusive of tax)
Inputs $40,500 (inclusive of tax)
At the beginning of the period Bilko owed $3,500 to the tax authorities, and during the period
he has paid $2,200 to them.
At the end of the period the amount owing to the tax authorities is:
A $3,618
B $3,186
C $5,450
D $3,250
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INVENTORY
13 The closing inventory of Epsilon amounted to $284,000 at 30 September 20X4, the statement
of financial position date. This total includes two inventory lines about which the inventory
taker is uncertain.
(1) 500 items which had cost $15 each and which were included at $7,500. These items
were found to have been defective at the statement of financial position date. Remedial
work after the statement of financial position date cost $1,800 and they were then sold
for $20 each. Selling expenses were $400.
(2) 100 items which had cost $10 each. After the statement of financial position date they
were sold for $8 each, with selling expenses of $150.
What figure should appear in Epsilon's statement of financial position for inventory?
A $283,650
B $283,800
C $292,150
D $283,950
14 According to IAS 2 Inventories, which of the following costs should be included in valuing the
inventories of a manufacturing entity?
(1) Carriage inwards
(2) Carriage outwards
(3) Depreciation of factory plant
(4) General administrative overheads
A All four items
B (1), (2) and (4) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1) and (3) only
15 On 31 December 20X3 the inventory of V was completely destroyed by fire.
The following information is available:
(1) Inventory at 1 December 20X3 at cost $28,400
(2) Purchases for December 20X3 $49,600
(3) Sales for December 20X3 $64,800
(4) Standard gross profit percentage on sales revenue 30%
Based on this information, which of the following is the amount of inventory destroyed?
A $45,360
B $32,640
C $40,971
D $19,440
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F A/FF A: F INAN C IAL ACCO UNTING
16 MJ sells three products – Small, Medium and Large. The following information was available at
the year end:
Small Medium Large
$ per unit $ per unit $ per unit
Original cost 5 10 15
Estimated selling price 8 13 18
Selling and distribution costs 2 4 6
units units units
Units in inventory 250 100 150
What is the value of inventory at the end of the year?
A $4,500
B $3,950
C $4,200
D $2,700
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NON‐CURRENT ASSETS
17 A non‐current asset was disposed of for $2,200 during the last accounting year. It had been
purchased exactly three years earlier for $5,000, with an expected residual value of $500, and
had been depreciated using the reducing balance basis, at 20% per annum.
What was the profit or loss on disposal?
A $360 loss
B $150 loss
C $104 loss
D $200 profit
18 Beta purchased some plant and equipment on 1 July 20X3 for $40,000. The scrap value of the
plant in ten years' time was estimated to be $4,000. Beta's policy is to charge depreciation on
the straight line basis, with a proportionate charge in the year of acquisition.
What should be the depreciation charge for the plant in Beta's accounting period of twelve
months to 30 September 20X3?
A $720
B $600
C $900
D $675
19 A car was purchased by T for $12,000 on 1 April 20X1 and has been depreciated at 20% each
year straight line, assuming no residual value.
The accounting policy is to charge a full year’s depreciation in the year of purchase and no
depreciation in the year of sale. The car was traded in for a replacement vehicle on 1 August
20X4 for an agreed trade‐in value of $5,000.
What was the profit or loss on the disposal of the vehicle for the year ended 31 December
20X4?
A Loss $2,200
B Loss $1,400
C Loss $200
D Profit $200
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F A/FF A: F INAN C IAL ACCO UNTING
20 An entity’s plant and machinery ledger account for the year ended 30 September 20X2 was as
follows:
Plant and machinery – cost
20X1 $ 20X2 $
1 October: Balance 381,200 1 June: Disposal account – cost
of asset sold 36,000
1 December: Cash – addition 18,000 30 September: Balance 363,200
––––––– –––––––
399,200 399,200
––––––– –––––––
The entity’s policy is to charge depreciation at 20% per year on the straight line basis, with
proportionate depreciation in years of purchase and sale.
What was the depreciation charge for the year ended 30 September 20X2?
A $74,440
B $84,040
C $72,640
D $76,840
21 Bianca bought an asset on 1st January 20X6 for $335,000. She has depreciated it at 25% using
the straight line method. On 1st January 20X9, Bianca revalued the asset to $450,000.
What double entry should Bianca post to record the revaluation?
A Dr Non‐current assets cost $115,000 Cr Revaluation surplus $366,250
Dr Accumulated depreciation $251,250
B Dr Non‐current assets cost $450,000 Cr Revaluation surplus $701,250
Dr Accumulated depreciation $251,250
C Dr Revaluation surplus $586,250 Cr Non‐current assets cost $335,000
Cr Accumulated depreciation $251,250
D Dr Revaluation surplus $450,000 Cr Non‐current assets cost $335,000
Cr Accumulated depreciation $115,000
ACCRUALS AND PREPAYMENTS
22 In the year to 31 December 20X8 H had cash receipts in respect of rental income of $49,200.
The amounts of rent received in advance and due in arrears were as follows:
31 Dec 20X8 31 Dec 20X7
$ $
Rent received in advance 2,400 2,600
Rent due in arrears 1,800 1,400
What figure for rental income should be recorded in the statement of profit or loss for the
year ended 31 December 20X8?
A $48,600
B $49,000
C $49,400
D $49,800
23 Rent paid on 1 October 20X2 for the year to 30 September 20X3 was $12,000, and rent paid on
1 October 20X3 for the year to 30 September 20X4 was $16,000.
What figure for rent expense should be shown in the statement of profit or loss for the year
ended 31 December 20X3?
A $12,000
B $16,000
C $13,000
D $15,000
24 A business sublet part of its offices and in the year ended 30 November 20X3 the rent
receivable was:
Until 30 June 20X3 $8,400 per year
From 1 July 20X3 $12,000 per year
Rent was paid quarterly in advance on 1 January, April, July, and October each year.
What amounts should appear in the financial statements for the year ended 30 November
20X3?
Statement of profit or loss Statement of
rent receivable Financial Position
A $9,900 $2,000 in sundry payables
B $9,900 $1,000 in sundry payables
C $10,200 $1,000 in sundry payables
D $9,900 $2,000 in sundry receivables
25 A business compiling its accounts for the year to 31 January each year pays rent quarterly in
advance on 1 January, 1 April, 1 July and 1 October each year.
After remaining unchanged for some years, the rent was increased from $24,000 per year to
$30,000 per year as from 1 July 20X3.
Which of the following figures is the rent expense which should appear in the statement of
profit or loss for the year ended 31 January 20X4?
A $27,500
B $29,500
C $28,000
D $29,000
RECEIVABLES
26 The following receivables ledger control account has been prepared by a trainee accountant:
20X3 $ 20X3 $
1 Jan Balance 284,680 31 Dec Cash received from 179,790
31 Dec Credit sales 189,120 credit customers
Discounts allowed 3,660 Contras * 800
Irrecoverable debts 1,800
written off
Sales returns 4,920 Balance 303,590
––––––– –––––––
484,180 484,180
––––––– –––––––
* = Contras against amounts owing by the business in payables ledger
What should the closing balance on the account be when the errors in it are corrected?
A $290,150
B $286,430
C $282,830
D $284,430
27 The following control account has been prepared by a trainee accountant:
Receivables ledger control account
$ $
Opening balance 308,600 Cash received from credit
customers 147,200
Credit sales 154,200 Discounts allowed to credit
customers 1,400
Cash sales 88,100 Interest charged on overdue
accounts 2,400
Irrecoverable debts written off 4,900
Contras against credit balances Allowance for receivables 2,800
in purchase ledger 4,600
Closing balance 396,800
––––––– –––––––
555,500 555,500
––––––– –––––––
What should the closing balance be when all the errors made in preparing the receivables
ledger control account have been corrected?
A $395,200
B $304,300
C $307,100
D $309,500
28 At 30 September 20X2 a business had an allowance for receivables of $38,000, which
represented five per cent of receivables at that date.
At 30 September 20X3 receivables totalled $868,500. It was decided to write off $28,500 of
debts as irrecoverable and, based on past experience, to keep the allowance for receivables at
five per cent of receivables.
What is the charge in the statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 September 20X3
in respect of the total of Irrecoverable debts and the allowance for receivables?
A $42,000
B $33,925
C $70,500
D $32,500
29 The allowance for receivables in the accounts of B at 31 October 20X1 was $9,000. During the
year ended 31 October 20X2, Irrecoverable debts of $5,000 were written off.
Receivables balances at 31 October 20X2 were $120,000 and B wishes to set the specific
allowance at $6,000.
What was the total charge for Irrecoverable debts and the allowance for receivables in the
statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 October 20X2?
A $2,000
B $3,000
C $5,000
D $8,000
PAYABLES
30 Ally’s payables ledger control account has a balance carried down at 31 October 20X8 of
$36,900 debit.
During October, credit purchases were $74,800, payments made to suppliers were $68,900,
purchase returns were $4,700 and contra’s with the receivables ledger control account were
$520.
What was the opening balance on the payables ledger control account?
A $54,020
B $36,220
C $52,980
D $34,240
31 During an accounting period, the entries in a payables ledger control account were:
Purchases $215,000
Bank $235,000
Returns $2,200
Contra receivables ledger account $3,000
Debit balances $800
Balance b/d $65,000
What was the balance on the payables ledger control account at the end of the accounting
period?
A $79,000
B $76,000
C $39,000
D $43,400
32 Which of the following best describes the entries that are made using the purchase day book
totals at the end of each month?
A Debit purchases with total net purchases, credit payables ledger control with total gross
purchases and debit sales tax account with total sales tax
B Debit purchases with total gross purchases, credit payables ledger control with total net
purchases and credit sales tax account with total sales tax
C Debit payables ledger control with total net purchases, debit sales tax account with total
sales tax and credit purchases with total gross purchases
D Debit payables ledger control with total gross purchases, credit purchases with total net
purchases and credit sales tax account with total sales tax
CAPITAL STRUCTURE
33 At 30 June 20X2 G Co’s capital structure was as follows:
$
Ordinary share capital
500,000 shares of 25c each 125,000
Share premium account 100,000
In the year ended 30 June 20X3 G Co made a rights issue of 1 share for every 2 held at $1 per
share and this was taken up in full. Later in the year G Co made a bonus issue of 1 share for
every 5 held, using the share premium account for the purpose.
What was G Co’s capital structure at 30 June 20X3?
Ordinary share capital Share premium account
$ $
A 450,000 25,000
B 225,000 250,000
C 225,000 325,000
D 212,500 262,500
34 What are the correct ledger account entries to record the issue of 200,000 $1 shares at a
premium of 30c, and paid for by cheque, in full?
A Debit share capital account $200,000
Credit share premium account $60,000
Credit bank account $140,000
B Debit bank account $260,000
Credit share capital account $200,000
Credit share premium account $60,000
C Debit share capital account $200,000
Debit share premium account $60,000
Credit bank account $260,000
D Debit bank account $200,000
Debit share premium account $60,000
Credit share capital account $260,000
35 At 1 November 20X6 Ollie Co had the following capital structure:
$
Ordinary shares of 50c 100,000
Share premium 30,000
On 10 January 20X7, in order to raise finance for expansion, there was a 1 for 4 rights issue at
$1.20. The issue was fully taken up.
What is the balance on Ollie Co’s share premium account after the above transaction?
A $10,000
B $65,000
C $20,000
D $35,000
36 Holly Co has an under provision of $4,300 on its tax liability account at 31 October 20X8 before
accounting for that year’s tax charge.
It estimates tax on profits for the year to be $69,780.
What amounts should be shown in Holly Co’s financial statements for the year ended
31 October 20X8 in respect of tax?
Statement of profit or loss Statement of financial position
A $69,780 tax charge $74,080 tax payable
B $69,780 tax charge $64,480 tax payable
C $74,080 tax charge $69,780 tax payable
D $64,480 tax charge $69,780 tax payable
BANK RECONCILIATIONS
37 In reconciling a business' cash book with the bank statement, which of the following items
could require a subsequent entry in the cash book?
(1) Cheques presented after the date of the bank statement.
(2) A cheque from a customer which was dishonoured.
(3) An error by the bank.
(4) Bank charges.
(5) Deposits credited after the date of the bank statement.
(6) Standing order payment entered in the bank statement.
A (2), (3), (4) and (6) only
B (1), (2), (5) and (6) only
C (2), (4) and (6) only
D (1), (3) and (5) only
38 The following bank reconciliation statement has been prepared for Omega by a junior clerk:
$
Overdraft per bank statement 68,100
Add: Deposits not credited 141,200
–––––––
209,300
Less: Outstanding cheques 41,800
–––––––
Overdraft per cash book 167,500
–––––––
Which of the following should be the correct balance per the cash book?
A $167,500 overdrawn as stated
B $31,300 overdrawn
C $31,300 cash at bank
D $114,900 overdrawn
39 The following differences have been identified when comparing the cash book with the bank
statements of a business:
(i) Bank interest received $40, had not been entered in the cashbook
(ii) A BACS receipt of $6,200 and $460 from two customers has not been entered in the
cashbook
(iii) A receipt for $650 has been recorded in the cashbook as $750
(iv) Cheques drawn for $3,940 entered in the cashbook are not showing on the bank
statement.
Which of the following need to be adjusted in the cash book?
A (i) and (ii) only
B (iv) only
C (I), (ii), (iii)
D All of the above
40 The bank statement has been compared with the cash book and the following differences
identified:
1 Cheques totalling $1,629 paid into the bank at the end of the month are not showing on
the bank statement.
2 Bank interest paid of $106 was not entered in the cash book.
3 A cheque for $350 written on 2 June has been incorrectly entered in the cash book at
2 May
4 A receipt from a customer of $1,645 has cleared the bank but has not been entered in
the cash book.
Which of the following need to be adjusted in the cash book?
A 2, 3 and 4
B 1 only
C 1 and 2
D All of the above
THE TRIAL BALANCE AND ERRORS
What will be the correcting journal entry?
A Debit Discounts account $200, Credit Suspense account $200
B Debit Suspense account $200, Credit Discounts account $200
C Debit Discounts account $400, Credit Suspense account $400
D Debit Suspense account $400, Credit Discounts account $400
42 Collin has extracted the following balances from the ledger accounts for his business:
$
Plant and machinery 95,000
Property 135,000
Inventory 6,400
Payables 3,600
Receivables 2,850
Bank overdraft 970
Loan 45,000
Capital 100,000
Drawings 32,000
Sales 362,000
Purchases 156,000
Purchase returns 2,200
Discounts allowed ?
Discounts received 3,500
Sundry expenses 82,500
He has forgotten to extract the balance from the discounts allowed account. What is the
value of the missing balance?
A $4,020
B $7,520
C $5,580
D $3,120
43 Liz Co recorded a banks payment of $880 for repairs to its business van. The correct entry was
made to the bank account but no other entries were made. What would be the journal to
correct this error?
A Dr Van account Cr Repairs account
B Dr Repairs account Cr Bank account
C Dr Repairs account Cr Suspense account
D Dr Repairs account Cr Van account
44 Dizzie recorded an amount of $3,175 for rent and rates. Both the rent and rates account and
the bank account were debited.
What would be the journal to correct this error?
A Dr Suspense $3,175 Cr Bank $3,175
B Dr Suspense $6,350 Cr Bank $6,350
C Dr Bank $3,175 Cr Rent and rates $3,175
D Dr Rent and rates $6,350 Cr Bank $6,350
45 Weedens trial balance at 31 October 20X9 does not agree, with the credit side totalling $1,610
less than the debit side. During November, the following errors were discovered:
The debit side of the purchases account for October had been overcast by $150.
Rent payable of $240 had been debited to the rent receivable account.
The allowance for receivables, which increased by $240, had been recorded in the
allowance for receivables account as a decrease.
Following the correction of these errors, what will be the balance on the suspense account?
A $260
B $740
C $980
D $320
PREPARING BASIC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
46 A business has compiled the following information for the year ended 31 October 20X2:
$
Opening inventory 386,200
Purchases 989,000
Closing inventory 422,700
The gross profit as a percentage of sales is always 40%
Based on these figures, what was the sales revenue for the year?
A $1,333,500
B $1,587,500
C $2,381,250
D The sales revenue figure cannot be calculated from this information
47 Based upon the following information, what was the value of purchases for the accounting
period?
$
Opening payables 142,600
Cash paid to suppliers 542,300
Discounts received 13,200
Goods returned 27,500
Closing payables 137,800
A $302,600
B $506,400
C $523,200
D $578,200
48 The following information is relevant to Wimbledon:
$
Opening inventory 13,500
Closing inventory 18,160
Purchases 299,000
Expenses 114,400
Carriage in 3,500
Carriage out 7,700
Depreciation 40,000
What was the cost of sales for the accounting period?
A $297,840
B $294,340
C $298,540
D $302,040
INCOMPLETE RECORDS
49 Luke sells office equipment. He buys a photocopier for $900.
(a) What would the selling price be, excluding sales tax, if a 40% mark‐up was applied?
$
(b) What would the selling price be, excluding sales tax, if the sales margin was 40%?
$
50 You are given the following information about a sole trader called Chiron as at 31 January
20X5:
The value of assets and liabilities were
Non‐current assets at cost $10,000
Trade receivables $2,000
Loan $7,500
Closing capital (at 31 January 20X5) $3,500
There were no other assets or liabilities
(a) Calculate the amount of accumulated depreciation at the year end 31 January 20X5
$
(b) Chiron sells goods at a mark up of 25%. What would be the gross profit on a sales
price of $11,000?
$
51 You are given the following information about a sole trader called Percy as at 31 March 20X2:
The value of assets and liabilities were
Non‐current assets at carrying value $14,000
Bank $2,500
Trade payables $10,300
Opening capital (at 1 April 20X1) $3,700
Drawings for the year $1,500
There were no other assets or liabilities.
Calculate the profit for the year ended 31 March 20X2.
$
52 The following information is available about the transactions of Rascal, a sole trader who
does not keep proper accounting records:
$
Opening inventory 75,000
Closing inventory 86,000
Purchases 840,000
Gross profit margin 30%
Based on this information, what is Rascal’s sales revenue for the year?
A $580,300
B $255,300
C $1,106,300
D $248,700
53 You are given the following incomplete and incorrect extract from the statement of profit or
loss of a business that trades at a mark up of 25% on cost:
$ $
Sales 185,250
Less: Cost of goods sold
Opening inventory 15,785
Purchases 147,058
Closing inventory X
–––––––
(X)
–––––––
Gross profit X
Having discovered that the sales figure should have been $195,230 and that carriage inwards
of $1,500 and sales returns of $1,230 have been omitted, what should be the value of closing
inventory?
A $38,800
B $6,143
C $46,305
D $9,143
GROUP ACCOUNTS
Data for Questions
Pike Co acquired 75% of the ordinary share capital of Neal on 1 January 20X9 when Neal Co had
retained earnings of $1,000,000. Also on 1 January 20X9, Pike Co purchased a 30% interest in the
ordinary share capital of Whittington Co when Whittington Co had retained earnings of $296,000. It
is Pike Co’s policy to calculate and account for goodwill using the full goodwill method. At the date of
acquisition of Neal Co, the fair value of the non‐controlling interest in Neal Co was $500,000. The
summarised statements of financial position for each entity for the year ended 31 December 20X9
were as follows:
Pike Neal Whittington
$000 $000 $000
Non‐current assets
Property plant and equipment 1,918 1,960 1,680
Investment in Neal 2,610 – –
Investment in Whittington 448 – –
4,976 1,960 1,680
Current assets
Inventory 760 1,280 380
Receivables 380 620 200
Cash 70 116 92
Total assets 6,186 3,976 2,352
Equity and liabilities
$1 ordinary shares 2,240 1,000 1,120
Retained earnings 2,946 1,884 896
5,186 2,884 2,016
Current liabilities
Payables 800 960 272
Taxation 200 132 64
6,186 3,976 2,352
An impairment test at the year‐end identified that goodwill for Neal was unimpaired.
54 What is the total tangible non‐current assets amount to be shown in the consolidated
statement of financial position?
A $3,878,000
B $5,558,000
C $4,382,000
D $4,326,000
55 What is the amount to be shown in the consolidated statement of financial position for the
investment in the associate?
A $448,000
B $180,000
C $628,000
D $604,800
56 What is the goodwill amount to be shown in the consolidated statement of financial
position?
A $Nil
B $1,110,000
C $1,610,000
D $610,000
57 What is the total assets amount to be shown in the consolidated statement of financial
position?
A $8,214,000
B $8,842,000
C $7,732,000
D $8,662,000
58 What is the total group retained earnings amount to be shown in the consolidated
statement of financial position?
A $3,789,000
B $3,609,000
C $2,946,000
D $3,740,800
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
59 In relation to statements of cash flows, which, if any, of the following statements are
correct?
1 The direct method of calculating net cash from operating activities leads to a different
figure from that produced by the indirect method, but this is balanced elsewhere in the
cash flow statement.
2 An entity making high profits must necessarily have a net cash inflow from operating
activities.
3 Profits and losses on disposals of non‐current assets appear as items under cash flows
from investing activities in the cash flow statement or a note to it.
A Statement 1 only
B Statement 2 only
C Statement 3 only
D None of the statements
60 The profits of GL were $63,400. This was after charging depreciation of $2,700.
During the year, receivables decreased by $600, inventories increased by $2,500 and trade
payables increased by $900. Non‐current asset purchases during the year amounted to
$17,300 and there was a loss on disposal of non‐current assets of $3,000.
What was the increase in cash balances during the year?
A $40,800
B $46,800
C $50,800
D $52,800
61 Which of the following is not shown in the statement of cash flows?
A Cash flows from investing activities
B Cash flows from financing activities
C Cash flows from profits of the business
D Cash flows from operating activities
62 A draft statement of cash flows contains the following:
$m
Profit before tax 279
Proceeds from a disposal of a NCA 80
Decrease in inventories (26)
Increase in receivables 65
Increase in payables 15
––––
Net cash inflow from operating activities 413
––––
Which of the following corrections needs to be made to the calculations?
1 Proceeds from a disposal of a NCA needs to be removed from this section.
2 Decrease in inventories should be added, not deducted.
3 Increase in receivables should be deducted, not added.
4 Increase in payables should be added, not deducted.
A 1, 2 and 3
B 1 and 4
C 1 only
D 2 and 3
63 Logic is producing its statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 December 20X8. The
accountant has identified the following balances in the financial statements:
$
Loans redeemed 82,000
Dividends paid 185,000
Increase in share capital 55,000
Bonus issue made 25,000
What is the net cash flow from investing activities?
A ($133,000)
B ($212,000)
C ($187,000)
D $80,000
INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
64 A Co’s capital employed at 31 December 20X2 is as follows:
$m
Ordinary share capital 380
Retained earnings 120
––––
500
8% Loan notes 100
––––
600
––––
A Co’s statement of profit or loss the year ended 31 December 20X2 is as follows:
$m
Operating profit 40
Interest paid (8)
–––
32
Taxation (10)
–––
22
–––
Dividends declared in the year were $10 million, leaving a retained profit was $12 million.
What is A Co’s return on equity shareholders’ capital employed, using closing capital figures?
A 4.4%
B 2.4%
C 3.7%
D 5.8%
65 B Co has the following current assets and liabilities at 31 October 20X8:
$000
Current assets: Inventory 970
Receivables 380
Bank 40
–––––
1,390
–––––
Current liabilities: Payables 420
When measured against accepted ‘norms’, B Co can be said to have:
A a high current ratio and an ideal acid test ratio
B an ideal current ratio and a low acid test ratio
C a high current ratio and a low acid test ratio
D ideal current and acid test ratios
66 C Co has the following capital and long‐term liabilities:
31.10.X8 31.10.X9
$m $m
12% loan notes 20 40
Issued share capital 15 30
Share premium 3 18
Retained profits 22 12
At 31 October 20X9, C Co’s gearing ratio, compared to that at 31 October 20X8, has:
A risen, resulting in greater risk for shareholders
B risen, resulting in greater security for shareholders
C fallen, resulting in greater security for shareholders
D remained the same
67 The annual sales revenue of an enterprise is $235,000 including sales tax at 17.5 per cent. Half
of the sales are on credit terms; half are cash sales. The receivables in the statement of
financial position are $23,500.
What is the average receivables collection period (to the nearest day)?
A 37 days
B 43 days
C 73 days
D 86 days
68 The draft statement of financial position of D Co at 31 March 20X3 is set out below.
$000 $000
Non‐current assets 450
Current assets
Inventory 65
Receivables 110
Prepayments 30
––––
205
––––
Total assets 655
––––
Capital and reserves
Issued capital 400
Retained earnings 100
––––
500
Non‐current liabilities
Loan 75
Current liabilities
Payables 30
Short‐term borrowings (note 1) 50
––––
80
––––
655
––––
Note 1: The short‐term borrowings were raised on 30 September 20X2.
What is the gearing of D Co?
A 13 per cent
B 16 per cent
C 20 per cent
D 24 per cent
69 An enterprise has the following trading account for the year ending 31 May 20X8:
$ $
Sales revenue 45,000
Opening inventory 4,000
Purchases 26,500
––––––
30,500
Less: Closing inventory (6,000)
–––––– 24,500
––––––
Gross profit 20,500
––––––
What was the inventory turnover for the year?
A 4.9 times
B 5.3 times
C 7.5 times
D 9 times
70 How is the gearing ratio normally calculated?
A Long‐term loans as a percentage of total share capital and reserves
B Current and long‐term debt as a percentage of total assets less current liabilities
C Total share capital and reserves as a percentage of long‐term loans
D Total share capital and reserves as a percentage of total equity plus total liabilities
RECORDING, HANDLING AND SUMMARISING ACCOUNTING DATA
BOOKKEEPING
71 JANE GRIGSON
Jane Grigson is a sole trader who keeps her own accounting records. She records invoices sent
out to customers in a sales journal, any returns from customers in a returns inwards book and
cash transactions in cash received and cash paid books.
Below are the entries in Jane’s books of prime entry for the week commencing 8 June 20X2.
Sales Journal
Date Customer Total
$
8 June PK 423
9 June HS 1,410
9 June RD Contractors 893
12 June HS 940
––––––
$3,666
––––––
Returns Journal
Date Customer Total
$
12 June PK 141
––––
Cash received book
Date Narrative Total Discounts Receivables Other
Allowed Ledger
$ $ $ $
8 June Cash sale 250 250
9 June HS 140 20 140
10 June Cash sale 90 90
11 June RD Contractors 475 475
11 June HS 680 48 680
––––– ––––– ––––– –––––
1,635 68 1,295 340
––––– ––––– ––––– –––––
Required:
(a) Post the entries in the journals shown to the relevant accounts in the general ledger
and the receivables ledger (do not balance off the accounts); (8 marks)
(b) Explain why the discounts allowed column, receivables ledger column and other
column do not cross‐cast to equal the total column in the cash received book.(2 marks)
(Total: 10 marks)
72 RBD
The ledger of RBD included the following ledger balances:
1 June 31 May
20X1 20X2
$ $
Rents receivable: payments in advance 463 517
Rent payable: prepayments 1,246 1,509
accruals 315 382
Payables 5,258 4,720
Allowance for discounts on payables 106 94
During the year ended 31 May 20X2 the following transactions had been carried out:
$
Rents received by cheque 4,058
Rent paid by cheque 10,296
Accounts payable paid by cheque 75,181
Discounts received from payables 1,043
Purchases on credit to be derived
Required:
Post and balance the appropriate accounts for the year ended 31 May 20X2, deriving the
transfer entries to the statement of profit or loss where applicable. (10 marks)
73 MICHAEL ROBERTSON
Michael Robertson is a sole trader whose accounts you have prepared for the last two years.
Michael has recently attended a two day course entitled ‘Finance for non‐accountants’ where
he began to learn the fundamentals of double entry bookkeeping as well as to gain a greater
understanding of his financial statements.
Since his return from this course Michael has spent some time looking at last year’s accounts
and he is rather confused about some areas.
Michael’s queries are as follows:
(1) “On the course that I have just attended two types of expenditure were mentioned,
capital expenditure and revenue expenditure. If revenue is income how can it also be
used to describe a type of expenditure?”
(2) “Looking at the trial balance I am concerned that trade payables, which are bad news,
and profit, which is good news, are both credit balances. How can this be so?”
(3) “I notice that some of my expense accounts have opening balances on them, some
debits and some credits. Surely these should have been written off to profit or loss last
year so that the account can be started afresh this year.”
(4) “One of the credit entries in the statement of profit or loss is entitled ‘Allowance for
receivables’. This must surely be a mistake as credits in the statement of profit or loss
are income or profits.”
(5) “I have come across entries in both customer and supplier accounts called contras.
What are these, expense or income?”
Required:
Answer each of these questions in terms that Michael will be able to understand. (10 marks)
ERROR CORRECTION AND SUSPENSE ACCOUNTS
74 UPRIGHT
The draft final accounts of Upright for the year ended 31 October 20X5 show a net profit of
$48,200.
The list of account balances still has a difference for which a suspense account has been
opened. The suspense account appears in Upright’s statement of financial position as a debit
balance of $1,175.
In the course of subsequent checking, the following errors and omissions were found:
(i) At 1 November 20X4 insurance of $1,305 has been prepaid, but the figure had not been
brought down on the insurance account as an opening balance.
(ii) A vehicle held as a non‐current asset, which had originally cost $22,000, was sold for
$6,000. At 1 November 20X4, depreciation of $17,600 had been charged on the vehicle.
The $6,000 proceeds of sale had been credited to the revenue account, and no other
entries had been made.
(iii) Depreciation on vehicles had been calculated at 20% (straight line basis) on the balance
on the vehicles cost account. The charge for the year now needs to be adjusted for the
effect of item (ii) above.
(iv) At 31 October 20X5, insurance of $1,500 paid in advance had not been allowed for in
the insurance account.
(v) The credit side of the rent receivable account had been undercast by $400.
(vi) A credit purchase of $360 had been correctly entered into the purchases day book (list
of purchase invoices) but had been entered as $630 on the credit side of the supplier’s
account in the accounts payable ledger. Upright does not maintain an accounts payable
ledger control account in the general ledger.
When these errors had been corrected, the suspense account balanced.
Required:
(a) Prepare a statement showing the effect on Upright’s profit of the correction of these
errors. (12 marks)
(b) Show the suspense account as it would appear in Upright’s records. (6 marks)
(Total: 18 marks)
75 VB CO
VB Co, a chemical business, extracted a trial balance from its ledgers on 30 April 20X0 and
found that the sum of the debit balances did not equal the sum of the credit balances. A
suspense account was opened and used to record the difference. VB does not use control
accounts for its customer and supplier accounts.
VB Co carried out an investigation into the cause of the difference and found the following:
(1) Cash sales of $246 had been debited to the sales returns account and the cash book.
(2) An invoice to a customer for $1,249 had been posted to the customer’s account as
$1,294.
(3) Bank charges of $37 had not been entered in the cash book.
(4) A transposition error occurred such that an additional $45 had been included in the sum
posted to the purchases account from a supplier’s invoice.
(5) A contra entry of $129 had been debited to the customer account and credited to the
supplier account.
(6) An invoice for rent for the six month period ending 30 September 20X0 amounting to
$13,500 had not been entered in the ledgers and remained unpaid on 30 April 20X0.
(7) A carriage invoice of $52 had been debited to carriage outwards but it related to the
purchase of goods from one of VB Co’s suppliers.
(8) A irrecoverable of $40 which should have been written off had been forgotten and
remained as a balance on the customer’s account.
Required:
Show the journal entries necessary to correct each of the above (including a narrative).
(10 marks)
76 YTZ
When the trial balance of YTZ was extracted on 30 June 20X2 it showed the following totals:
Dr Cr
$ $
103,457 102,113
At the time a suspense account was opened to record the difference but investigation has now
followed and the following facts have emerged:
(1) An invoice for travel expenses of $132 was entered in the travel expenses account as
$123, although correctly entered in the creditor’s account.
(2) The returns outwards book was undercast on one page by $100.
(3) An electricity bill for $154 that had not been recorded or accrued for was discovered.
(4) Discounts received of $1,870 had not been entered in the payables ledger control
account.
(5) The bank statement that has recently been received showed an amount of interest on
the overdraft of $28 which has not been recorded in the ledgers.
(6) A small item of machinery costing $1,450 was charged to the repairs account.
Depreciation is charged on machinery at the rate of 20% per annum on cost.
(7) Discounts allowed of $30 were not recorded in the cash received book.
(8) A settlement by contra entry of $3,200 was only recorded in the payables ledger control
account.
(9) Bank charges of $23 had been correctly entered in the expense account but not in the
cash book.
Required:
(a) Clear the suspense account balance by correcting each of the errors detailed above;
(5 marks)
(b) Prepare a statement of adjusted profit showing the original profit of $97,499 and the
net profit after correcting the items above. (5 marks)
(Total: 10 marks)
77 WT
The trial balance for WT was extracted at 30 June 20X2. After preparation of the draft
statement of profit or loss, it was found that the debit balances did not equal the credit
balances and a suspense account was set up until the differences could be investigated.
Since that date a number of errors have been found in the ledgers and a number of items are
still to be accounted for:
(1) A piece of machinery was purchased on credit at the end of June 20X2 for $2,000 but no
details have yet been entered into the ledger accounts. Machinery is depreciated at 20%
on cost with a full year’s depreciation in the year of purchase.
(2) A vehicle used in the business was disposed of during June for $1,400. It originally cost
$8,000 and the depreciation accumulated up to the date of sale was $5,000. The only
entries to have been made regarding this disposal were to debit the bank account and
credit the revenue account with the sale proceeds.
(3) During June $200 was received from an old customer of WT. All of this customer’s debts
had been written off in the previous year when his business folded.
(4) It has been discovered that items worth $4,278 have been completely omitted from the
closing inventory figure in the accounts.
(5) It has been discovered that rent of $125 that had been prepaid at 30 June 20X1 was not
brought down as the opening balance on the rent account.
(6) Purchases on credit totalling $3,261 have been correctly debited to the purchases
account, but the credit entry to the payables ledger control account was $3,621.
(7) A standing order for professional fees of $140 in June has been omitted from the cash
book as it was only discovered when checking the bank statement.
(8) A cash sale of $175 has been included in the sales account twice.
Required:
Prepare journal entries, with narratives, to correct these errors and omissions. (10 marks)
INVENTORY VALUATION
78 MR G
On 1 January Mr G started a small business buying and selling a special yarn. He invested his
savings of $40,000 in the business and, during the next six months, the following transactions
occurred:
Yarn purchases Yarn sales
Date of Total Date of Total
receipt Quantity cost despatch Quantity value
Boxes $ Boxes $
13 January 200 7,200 10 February 500 25,000
8 February 400 15,200
11 March 600 24,000 20 April 600 27,000
12 April 400 14,000
15 June 500 14,000 25 June 400 15,200
The yarn is stored in premises Mr G has rented and the closing inventory of yarn, counted on
30 June, was 500 boxes.
Required:
Calculate the value of the material issues during the six month period, and the value of the
closing inventory at the end of June, using the following methods of pricing:
(a) first‐in‐first‐out; (10 marks)
(b) weighted average (calculation to two decimal places only). (10 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
RECEIVABLES
79 ALLOWANCE FOR RECEIVABLES
You are given the following balances at 1 January 20X1:
Receivables $10,000
Allowance for receivables $400
You ascertain the following information:
$
Sales for the year 20X1 (all on credit) 100,000
Sales returns for the year 20X1 1,000
Receipts from customers during 20X1 90,000
Irrecoverable debts written off during 20X1 500
Discounts allowed during 20X1 400
At the end of 20X1 the specific allowance for receivables equated to 5% of receivables.
$
Sales for the year 20X2 (90% on credit) 100,000
Sales returns for the year 20X2 (90% relating to credit customers) 2,000
Receipts from credit customers during 20X2 95,000
Receivables balances settled by contra against payable balances during 20X2 3,000
Irrecoverable debts written off during 20X2 (including 50% of the debt due from
the customer who had gone bankrupt, the other 50% having been received in
cash during 20X2) 1,500
Discounts allowed during 20X2 500
At the end of 20X2 the specific allowance for receivables was equivalent to 5% receivables at
that date.
Required:
Write up the receivables and allowance for receivables accounts for 20X1 and 20X2, bringing
down the balances at the end of each year and showing in those accounts the double entry
for each item. (10 marks)
APPLICATIONS OF ACCOUNTING CONVENTIONS
80 STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION VALUES
The managing director of an entity has recently returned from a conference on the techniques
of business valuation.
She has now realised that the accounts prepared by the entity for publication probably
understate the value of the entity by
(1) the exclusion of goodwill
(2) the valuation of non‐current assets at cost, and
(3) the treatment of the costs of research.
She has asked you to draft a report stating why the accounting treatment of these items
understates the value of the entity.
Required:
Draft an appropriate report, making reference to accounting concepts where applicable.
(10 marks)
81 ACCOUNTING TERMS
Explain clearly the following accounting terms in a manner which an intelligent non‐
accountant could understand in the context of a profit‐orientated organisation:
(a) expense
(b) asset
(c) prudence
(d) objectivity.
(10 marks)
82 MARKETING SERVICES
Your client has received the following invoice, and has come to you for advice.
‘From: Marketing Services
Due for our services for the three months 1 October to 31 December 20X2.
$
Agreed monthly fee for general advice
three months at $1,000 per month 3,000
Supply of new colour photocopier on 1.10.X2 with
five year guarantee, for use by your marketing department 10,000
Deposit paid by us on your behalf for television advertising
time in February 20X3 5,000
Full cost of advertising campaign in newspaper, from
1 November to 30 November 20X2 50,000
Payable in total by 31.1.X3.’
Required:
Write a letter to your client setting out how each of the four items on the invoice will affect
the expenses figure for the accounting year ended 31 December 20X2. You should explain
your treatment, and justify it by reference to accounting conventions. (10 marks)
83 CAPITAL MAINTENANCE
Explain the following terms, illustrating your answer, wherever possible, with examples:
(a) capital maintenance
(b) goodwill
(c) fair value
(d) research and development costs.
(10 marks)
PREPARING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
INCOMPLETE RECORDS
84 ERNIE
Ernie is a building contractor, doing repair work for local householders. His wife keeps some
accounting records but not on a double‐entry basis.
The assets and liabilities of the business at 30 June 20X7 were as follows:
$
Assets
Plant and equipment: cost 12,600
Depreciation to date 5,800
Motor vehicle: cost 9,000
Depreciation to date 6,500
Inventory of materials 14,160
Receivables 9,490
One quarter's rent of premises paid in advance to 30 September 20X7 750
Insurance paid in advance to 31 December 20X7 700
Bank balance 1,860
Cash in hand 230
Liabilities
Trade payables 3,460
Telephone account payable 210
Electricity payable 180
His cash and bank transactions for the year from 1 July 20X7 to 30 June 20X8 were as follows:
Cash and Bank summary
Receipts Cash Bank Payments Cash Bank
$ $ $ $
Opening balances 230 1,860 Suppliers 83,990
Receipts from customers 52,640 150,880 Rent of premises 3,600
Loan received 10,000 Insurance (to 31.12.X8) 1,600
Proceeds of sale of Purchase of plant and 8,400
vehicle held at beginning equipment
of year 3,000
Cash paid into bank 24,040 Purchase of new vehicle 12,800
Cash withdrawn from Telephone
bank 48,260 860
Closing balance 2,100 Electricity 890
Wages of repair staff 68,200
Miscellaneous expenses 1,280
Amounts drawn by Ernie
for personal use 8,000 29,800
Refund to customer 400
Cash paid into bank 24,040
Cash withdrawn from
bank 48,260
Closing balance 890
––––––– ––––––– ––––––– –––––––
101,130 191,880 101,130 191,880
––––––– ––––––– ––––––– –––––––
The following further information is available.
(1) Plant and equipment is to be depreciated at 25% per annum on the reducing balance
with a full year's charge in the year of purchase.
(2) The new motor vehicle was purchased on 1 January 20X8. Ernie's policy for vehicles is
to charge depreciation at 25% per annum on the straight line basis, with a proportionate
charge in the year of purchase but none in the year of sale.
(3) The rent of the premises was increased by 20% from 1 October 20X7.
(4) The loan of $10,000 was obtained from Ernie's brother on 1 April 20X8. It carries
interest at 10% per annum, payable on 30 September and 31 March.
(5) At 30 June 20X8, Ernie owed the following amounts:
$
Suppliers 4,090
Telephone 240
Electricity 220
Miscellaneous expenses 490
(6) At 30 June 20X8, amounts due from customers totalled $10,860. Of this amount, Ernie
considered that debts totalling $1,280 were irrecoverable and should be written off.
(7) Inventory of materials at 30 June was $12,170.
(8) Ernie agreed to pay his wife $5,000 for her assistance with his office work during the
year. This amount was actually paid in August 20X8.
Required:
Prepare Ernie's statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 June 20X8 and his
statement of financial position as at that date. (24 marks)
85 CART
Cart has just completed his first year of trading, for which he did not keep proper accounting
records. The following information is available.
(1) A summary of his bank statements reveals:
Receipts Payments
$ $
Capital introduced 20,000
Cash banked 26,250
Motor vehicle 18,000
Computer 2,000
Telephone 800
Stationery 2,500
Personal expenses 850
Purchases 19,500
(2) He banked his takings periodically after paying for wages of $700 and sundry expenses
of $850.
(3) Depreciation is to be provided on the motor vehicle at 20% straight line basis and on the
computer at 25% straight line basis.
(4) At 31 December 20X2, other assets and liabilities were as follows:
Inventory $400
Receivables $970
Payables $1,095
Accrual for telephone expense $40
Cash in hand $80
(5) Cart has estimated that his gross profit percentage was 30% of sales revenue.
Required:
Prepare the statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 20X2 and the
statement of financial position statement of financial position as at that date. All workings
must be clearly shown. (10 marks)
COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
86 RULERS CO
On 31 December 20X2 the accounting records of Rulers Co contained the following balances.
$000
$1 ordinary shares 500
$1 10% irredeemable preference shares 100
Share premium 200
Retained earnings – 1 January 20X2 455
Land 200
Plant and machinery – cost 550
– depreciation 1 January 20X2 250
Revenue 3,500
Cost of sales 2,100
Inventory 600
Receivables 550
Bank (debit balance) 350
Operating expenses 400
Management expenses 280
Selling expenses 220
10% Loan notes 100
Payables 200
Irrecoverable debts 5
Allowance for receivables 1 January 20X2 6
Interest received 7
Discounts allowed 8
Ordinary shares dividend 55
The following notes need additionally to be taken into account.
(a) Bank charges $2,000 and a standing order receipt of $50,000 from a customer have
been omitted.
(b) The specific allowance for receivables is required to be the equivalent of 1% of
receivables.
(c) Loan note interest needs to be provided for.
(d) The preference dividend was declared in December 20X2.
(e) The ordinary shares dividend of $55,000 was proposed in December 20X1, declared in
February 20X2 and paid in March 20X2. A final ordinary dividend of 14c per share is
proposed.
(f) Depreciation on plant and machinery is to be allowed at 20% on the reducing balance
method. 10% of this depreciation relates to general management and 5% to selling.
(g) The land is to be revalued upwards by $30,000.
(h) A tax provision of $150,000 is required.
Required:
Prepare a statement of profit or loss, a statement of changes in equity and a statement of
financial position to comply with the requirements of IAS 1 Presentation of Financial
Statements. (20 marks)
(ACCA Accounting Dec 90 adapted)
87 ELLIS ISLAND CO
The trial balance extract of Ellis Island Co for the year ended 31 December 20X3 was as
follows.
$000 $000
Revenue 1,920
Purchases 1,152
Advertising expenses 73
Audit fee 9
Irrecoverable debt expenses 21
Inventory at 1 January 20X3 25
Administration salaries 76
Sales persons’ salaries 44
Manufacturing wages 87
Hire of plant 15
Interim dividend declared and paid 14
Premises – depreciation expense 33
Plant – depreciation expense 66
Motor vehicles – depreciation expense 22
10% loan notes 200
Loan note interest paid 10
Additional information:
(i) Inventory as at 31 December 20X3 was valued at $29,000.
(ii) The income tax expense for the year was estimated to be $57,000.
(iii) A final dividend of $28,000 has been proposed but not yet recorded in the accounts.
Required:
Prepare a statement of profit or loss for Ellis Island for the year ended 31 December 20X3,
classifying expenses by function (the 'cost of sales' method), which meets the requirements
of IAS 1. Show any additional information that must be disclosed.
All workings must be clearly shown. (15 marks)
88 MOORFOOT CO
Moorfoot Co operates a chain of wholesale grocery outlets. Its first account balances at
30 June 20X8 was as follows:
$000 $000
Revenue 13,600
Purchases 8,100
Inventory 1 July 20X7 1,530
Distribution costs 1,460
Administrative expenses 1,590
Interest on loan notes 50
Dividends declared and paid:
Final for year ended 30 June 20X7 480
Interim for year ended 30 June 20X8 360
Land at cost 1,510
Buildings
– Cost 8,300
– Accumulated depreciation at 30 June 20X7 1,020
Warehouse and office equipment
– Cost 1,800
– Accumulated depreciation at 30 June 20X7 290
Motor vehicles
– Cost 1,680
– Accumulated depreciation at 30 June 20X7 620
Trade receivables 810
Allowance for receivables 18
Cash at bank 140
Trade payables 820
10% loan notes (issued 20W5 and to be redeemed 20Y0) 1,000
Called up share capital – Ordinary shares of 25c each 1,200
Share premium account 2,470
Retained earnings 30 June 20X7 6,772
–––––– ––––––
27,810 27,810
–––––– ––––––
The following additional information is available:
(1) Closing inventory was $1,660,000.
(2) Trade balances totalling $6,000 are to be written off and the specific allowance for
receivables increased to $30,000. It is the entity’s practice to include the charge for
Irrecoverable debts and the allowance for receivables in administrative expenses in the
statement of profit or loss.
(3) Accruals and prepayments at the year‐end were:
Prepayments Accruals
$000 $000
Distribution costs 60 120
Administrative expenses 70 190
Interest on loan notes – 50
(4) In early July 20X8 Moorfoot Co received invoices for credit purchases totalling $18,000
for goods delivered before 30 June. These invoices have not been included in the
accounts payable at 30 June 20X8.
It was also found that credit sales invoices totalling $7,000 for goods delivered to
customers before 30 June 20X8 had mistakenly been dated in July 20X8 and thus
excluded from sales for the year and from accounts receivable at the year end.
The goods received had been included in the year‐end inventory figure given at (1)
above, and the goods sold had been excluded from it. No adjustment to the inventory
figure is therefore required.
(5) Depreciation should be provided as follows:
Land Nil
Buildings 2 per cent per year on cost
Warehouse and office equipment 15 per cent per year on cost
Motor vehicles 25 per cent per year on cost
All depreciation is to be divided equally between distribution costs and administrative
expenses.
Required:
Prepare Moorfoot Co’s statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 June 20X8, and
statement of financial position as at that date, complying as far as possible with the
requirements of IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements. Ignore taxation. Notes to the
financial statements are not required. (24 marks)
89 LOMOND CO
Lomond Co is engaged in a number of research and development projects. Its accounting
policy as regards research and development complies with the requirements of IAS 38
Intangible assets. At 30 June 20X8, the following information is available:
Project A Development completed 30 June 20X5. Total expenditure $200,000, being
amortised over five years on the straight line basis in accordance with Lomond
Co’s standard policy. The balance on the project account at 30 June 20X7 was
$120,000.
Project B A development project commenced 1 July 20X5. Expenditure in the years ended
30 June 20X6 and 30 June 20X7 totalled $175,000, which was recognised as an
asset at 30 June 20X7. During the year ended 30 June 20X8, it became clear that
a competitor had launched a superior product and the project was abandoned.
Further development expenditure in the year ended 30 June 20X8 amounted to
$55,000.
Project C Development commenced 1 October 20X6 and not yet completed. Expenditure
to date:
Year ended 30 June 20X7: $85,000
Year ended 30 June 20X8: $170,000
All expenditure on Project C meets the criteria for capitalisation in IAS 38.
Project D In addition, research project D commenced on 1 July 20X7. Expenditure to date
(all research):
Year ended 30 June 20X8: $80,000
Required:
(a) State the conditions which must be met if development expenditure is to be
recognised as an intangible asset. (6 marks)
(b) Calculate the amounts which should appear in the Lomond Cos statement of profit or
loss statement and statement of financial position for research and development for
the year ended 30 June 20X8. (7 marks)
(c) Show the notes which IAS 38 requires in the financial statements for the year giving
supporting figures for the items in the statement of profit or loss and statement of
financial position. (7 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
90 IAS 10 EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD
IAS 10 Events after the reporting period defines the treatment to be given to events arising
after the reporting date but before the financial statements are authorised for issue outside
the enterprise.
Required:
(a) How does IAS 10 distinguish between events after the reporting period which should
be adjusted in financial statements and those which should be disclosed by note only?
(4 marks)
(b) Consider each of the following four events after the reporting date.
(i) An entity made an issue of 100,000 shares which raised $180,000 shortly after
the statement of financial position date.
(ii) Judgement was issued shortly after the reporting date in respect of a legal
action brought against the entity for breach of contract. As a result the entity
was ordered to pay costs and damages totalling $50,000. No provision had been
made for this possible expense. The breach of contract occurred before the
statement of financial position date.
(iii) Inventory items included in the accounts at cost $28,000 were subsequently
sold for $18,000.
(iv) A factory in use at the reporting date and valued at $250,000 was completely
destroyed by fire. Only half of the value was covered by insurance. The insurer
has agreed to pay $125,000 under the entity’s policy.
If you think the event requires adjustment, show exactly how items in the accounts
should be changed to allow for the event.
If you think the event does not require adjustment, write a suitable disclosure note,
including such details as you think fit. (16 marks)
(Total: 20 marks)
CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS
91 PIXIE CO AND DIXIE CO
On 1 October 20X9, Pixie Co acquired 37,500 ordinary shares in Dixie Co. At the date of
acquisition, the retained earnings of Dixie Co amounted to $30,000. The acquisition of shares
was financed by the immediate payment of $10,000 cash together with the issue by Pixie Co of
one share for each Dixie Co share acquired. At 1 October 20X9, the fair value of a Pixie Co
share was $2. At 31 December 20X9, only the payment of cash had been accounted for.
At the date of acquisition, the fair value of the non‐controlling interest in Dixie Co was
$20,000.
The statements of financial position of the two entities at 31 December 20X9 were as follows:
Pixie Dixie
$ $
Non‐current assets 210,000 110,600
Current assets 113,100 43,400
Investment in Dixie 10,000
––––––– –––––––
333,100 154,000
––––––– –––––––
Ordinary share capital @ $1 100,000 50,000
Retained earnings 157,000 38,000
Sundry payables 76,100 66,000
––––––– –––––––
333,100 154,000
––––––– –––––––
Required:
Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of Pixie Co and its subsidiary as at
31 December 20X9. (15 marks)
INTERPRETING/USING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
92 SH CO
You are presented with the following information relating to SH Co:
Statement of profit or loss for the year ended June 20X6
$000
Gross profit 980
Trading expenses 475
Depreciation 255
–––––
Net profit 250
–––––
Dividends declared and paid during the year 80
–––––
Statement of financial position at 30 June 20X6
20X5 20X6
$000 $000 $000 $000
Non‐current assets at cost 3,000 3,500
Less: Accumulated depreciation 2,100 2,300
––––– –––––
Net book value 900 1,200
Current assets
Inventories 825 1,175
Receivables 5,200 5,065
Bank and cash 2,350 2,160
––––– –––––
8,375 8,400
––––– –––––
9,275 9,600
––––– –––––
Capital and reserves
Ordinary shares of $1 each 2,800 3,200
Share premium – 400
Retained earnings 1,400 1,570
––––– –––––
4,200 5,170
Current liabilities
Payables 5,075 4,430
––––– –––––
9,275 9,600
––––– –––––
During the year ended 30 June 20X6, non‐current assets which had cost $230,000 were sold
for $145,000. The loss on this disposal has been included in trading expenses in the statement
of profit or loss.
Required:
Produce a statement of cash flows using the indirect method of presentation for the year
ended 30 June 20X6. (15 marks)
93 AMS CO
AMS Co made a gross profit of $239,000 in the year to 31 August 20X8. Expenses amounted to
$159,000 which included interest of $30,000 payable on a long‐term loan, depreciation on
plant of $50,000, and depreciation on premises of $25,000. Income tax in profit or loss was
$10,000 and dividends paid in the year were $45,000.
The statements of financial position of AMS at 31 August 20X8 and 20X7 were as follows:
20X8 20X7
$000 $000 $000 $000
Non‐current assets
Premises 1,200 1,170
Plant and machinery 800 700
––––– –––––
2,000 1,870
Current assets
Inventory 450 550
Receivables 700 680
Bank and cash 300 1,450 – 1,230
––––– ––––– ––––– –––––
3,450 3,100
––––– –––––
Capital and reserves
Ordinary shares of $1 each 1,800 1,300
Share premium 400 300
Retained earnings 392 367
––––– –––––
2,592 1,967
Non‐current liabilities
Loan notes 200 400
Current liabilities
Payables 648 681
Income tax 10 12
Bank overdraft – 658 40 733
––––– ––––– ––––– –––––
3,450 3,100
––––– –––––
During the year ended 31 August 20X8, plant which had cost $85,000 was sold at a loss of
$10,000. The sale proceeds were $50,000. The loss was recognised in profit or loss as part of
expenses $159,000.
Required:
Prepare a statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 August 20X8, using the indirect
method of presentation. (15 marks)
94 ADDAX CO
The following balances appeared in the statement of financial position of Addax Co at
31 March 20X2.
$
Plant and equipment – cost 840,000
Accumulated depreciation 370,000
In the year ended 31 March 20X3 the following transactions took place:
(1) Plant which had cost $100,000 with a written down value of $40,000 was sold for
$45,000 on 10 December.
(2) New plant was purchased for $180,000 on 1 October 20X2.
It is the Addax Co’s policy to charge depreciation at 10% per year on the straight line
basis with a proportionate charge in the year of acquisition and no charge in the year of
sale. None of the plant was over ten years old at 31 March 20X2.
Required:
(a) Prepare ledger accounts recording the above transactions. A cash account is NOT
required. (5 marks)
(b) List the items which should appear in Addax Co’s cash flow statement for the year
ended 31 March 20X3 based on these transactions and using the indirect method,
including the headings under which they should appear.
Note: The headings from IAS 7 are to be used. (4 marks)
(Total: 9 marks)
RATIO ANALYSIS
95 MBC CO
The following figures have been extracted from the published accounts of MBC Co at
31 October 20X5.
$m
Ordinary share capital 30
Share premium 3
Reserves 5
––––
38
6% loan notes 10
––––
48
––––
The net profit (after tax of $1m) for the year to 31 October 20X5, was $4m and dividends paid
amounted to $0.5m. MBC Co is considering raising a further $10m in the next financial year to
finance research and development.
Required:
(a) State the formula for, and calculate, MBC Co’s gearing ratio at 31 October 20X5.
(2 marks)
(b) State the formula for, and calculate, MBC Co’s return on capital employed (ROCE) at
31 October 20X5. (3 marks)
(c) Discuss the different effects on gearing and ROCE of raising the additional $10m by the
issue of shares or by the issue of loan notes. (5 marks)
(Total: 10 marks)
96 PETER JACKSON
Peter Jackson is a sole trader who has recently prepared his accounts for the year ended
31 May 20X2. Peter also prepared some ratios and statistics in order to analyse those
accounts.
Unfortunately Peter has now mislaid the accounts and all that is remaining is the schedule of
ratios.
Gross profit mark‐up on cost 50%
Net profit/capital employed 30%
Net profit margin 10% of revenue
Opening inventory at selling price 73 days, based on revenue
Closing inventory at selling price 109.5 days, based on revenue
Current assets: current liabilities 2.9:1
Receivables payment period 45 days
Payables payment period 60 days
Peter can remember that his revenue for the year totalled $300,000.
Required:
Prepare Peter’s statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 May 20X2 and his
statement of financial position at that date in as much detail as is possible from the above
information. (15 marks)
COMPREHENSIVE EXAMPLE
97 TYR CO
TYR Co produced the following trial balance at 31 October 20X7:
Dr Cr
$000 $000
Share capital 1,000
Reserves 425
12% Loan notes, repayable 20X0 250
Land at valuation 495
Premises at cost 350
– depreciation to 1 November 20X6 20
Plant and machinery at cost 220
– depreciation to 1 November 20X6 30
Patents and trade marks 200
Inventory at 1 November 20X6 210
Receivables 875
Cash in hand 12
Payables 318
Bank 85
Administration expenses 264
Selling and distribution expenses 292
Dividends paid 20
Loan note interest 15
Revenue 2,569
Purchases 1,745
Carriage inwards 15
Carriage outwards 18
Returns outwards 34
––––– –––––
4,731 4,731
––––– –––––
The following additional information at 31 October 20X7 is available:
(1) A physical inventory check reveals inventory at cost of $194,000.
(2) Prepaid administration expenses amount to $12,000 and prepaid selling and delivery
expenses amount to $28,000. Accrued administration expenses amount to $17,000.
(3) During October 20X7 goods were sold on a ‘sale or return’ basis, with the final date for
return being 25 November. The sale has been recorded as normal in the sales journal
and customers’ accounts and the goods have been excluded from the inventory count.
The goods cost $7,000 and had a selling price of $12,000.
(4) The land is to be revalued at $550,000.
(5) The share capital account comprises 200,000 5% irredeemable preference shares of
$1 each with the balance made up of 50c ordinary shares.
Required:
(a) Prepare a statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 October 20X7. (10 marks)
(b) Prepare a statement of financial position at 31 October 20X7. (10 marks)
(c) Given the following ratios for the previous year, calculate the comparable ratios for
the current year and comment on your results. Suggest reasons for any changes in the
ratios between the two years.
(i) Gross profit mark up 50%
(ii) Net profit percentage 3% (using net profit before tax)
(iii) Current ratio 2.4:1
(iv) Acid test ratio 1.8:1 (10 marks)
(Total: 30 marks)