ule Great Sentences for ia GEOGRAPHIC reenter ey led fe Panel Cereal) Geren oe eraGREAT WRITING FIFTH EDITION Keith S. Folse April Muchmore-Vokoun Elona Vestri NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC LEARNING ‘eral rail» Mexico Singapore «United Kingsom Uneed Statesa CONTENTS Unit 1 — Sentence Basics 2 Elements of Great Writing 4 ‘What Isa Sentence? 4 Avoiding Fragments 6 Sentences with the Veeb Be 7 Grammar: Expressing Place and Time 10 Grammar: There L/Tyere Are + Prepositional Phrase 2 Mechanics: Beginning and Ending a Sentence 7 ‘Mechanics: Using Capital Letters with Proper Nouns 18 Building Better Vocabulary 19 Building Better Sentences a Weiting 4 Editing 25 Pee Editing 25 Additional Topics for Writing 7 Test Prep 7 Unit 2 Paragraph Basics 28 Elements of Great Waiting 30) ‘What Isa Paragraph? 30 Mechanics: The Title ofa Paragraph 32 ats ofa Paragraph: The Topic Sentence 34 Parts ofa Paragraph: Supporting Sentences 37 Grammar: Adjective + Noun 39 Grammar: Linking Verb + Adjective a Sequence Words and Phesses 6 Grammar: Subject and Object Pronouns 4 Grammae Possessve Adjectives a Pacts ofa Paragraph: The Concluding Sentence 48 Building Better Vocabulary 32 Building Better Sentences 54 Waiting 56 Exiting 56 Additional Topics for Writing 37 “Test Prep 37 Unit 3. Writing about the Present 58 Elements of Great Writing 60 Using the Simple Present Grammar: The Simple Present Afirmative 6 Grammar The Simple Present Negative or Grammar: Simple and Compound Sentences ° Grammae: Using d and An or 3 Grammar: Using The ” Building Better Vocabulary 76 Building Better Sentences 8 Waiting 80 Editing 80 Additional Topics for Weiting st Test Prep stUnit 4 Unit 6 Writing about the Past Elements of Great Writing Using the Simple Past Grammar: The Simple Past Affirmative Grammae: Past Time Words and Phrases Grammar: The Simple Past Negative Grammar: Adverbs of Manner Grammar: Complex Sentences with Time Clauses Building Better Vocabulary Building Better Sentences Waiting Editing Additional Topics for Writing Test Prep Writing about the Future Elements of Great Writing Using Be Going to and Will Grammar: Be going Grammar: Will Grammae: Future Time Expressions Grammat: Complex Sentences about the Fusute Grammar: IfClauses Grammar: Reason Clauses Building Better Vocabulary Building Better Sentences Weiting Editing Additional Topics for Writing Test Prep Sentence Variety Blements of Great Writing ‘The Importance of Sentence Variety Grammar: Adjective Clauses Grammar: Subject Adjective Clauses Grammar: Objeet Adjective Clauses Grammar: Using Modals to Add Meaning Building Better Vocabulary Building Better Sentences Waiting Editing Additional Topics for Writing Test Prep a2 84 84 5 88 89 93 95 98 100 102 102 103 103 104. 106, 106 106 110 42 43 116 7 122 124 126 a7 a7 a7 128 130 130 1B 132 133 138 142 144 146 146. a7 a7Unit 7 Unit & Reader Response Elements of Great Writing Listing Responding to Ideas Grammat: Opinion Verbs + Thaé Clauses Building Better Vocabulary Building Better Sentences Waiting Editing Additional Topics for Writing Test Prep Putting It Together Elements of Great Writing Reviewing Paragraph Basies Building Better Vocabulary Building Better Sentences Waiting Editing Additional Topics for Writing ‘Test Prep Writer's Handbook Vocabulary Index Index Credits 148 150 150, 152 154 158 160 162 163 163 163 164 166, 166, 173 475 176 7 V7 td 178 202 204 206GREAT WRITING MAKES GREAT WRITERS ‘The new edition of Great Writing provides clear explanations, academic writing models, and focused practice to help students write great sentences, paragraphs, and essays. Every unit has expanded vocabulary building, sentence development, and more structured final writing tasks. National . Geographic 2| Paragraph Bas, images and eee students iegiations and pire coer Each unit includes: PART 1: Elements of Great Writing teaches the fundamentals of writing. Writing Models encourage students to analyze and se the features: ‘of great writing in their own work ‘Targeted Grammar presents clear explanations and examples that students can immediately apply to their workPART 2: Building Better Vocabulary highlights academic words, word associations, collocations, word forms, and vocabulary for writing. 4 New Words to Know boxes throughout each unit target carehuly-loveled words students will frequently use. PART 3: Building Better Sentences focuses students on sentence-level work to censure more accurate writing. PART 4: Writing activities allow students to apply what they have learned by guiding them through the process of writing, editing, and revising. [NEW Test Prop eection prepares students fr timed iting on high-stakes tests.viii SUPPORT FOR INSTRUCTORS AND STUDENTS FOR INSTRUCTORS The Classroom Presentation Tool brings the classroom to Ife by including ll Student Book pages, anewers, and games to practice vocabulary. Assessment: ExamViow allows instructors to create custom Tests are availabe online at the teacher companion website for ease of use FOR STUDENTS The Online Workbook provides additonal practice NEW Guided online writing practice in vooabulary, grammar, and wting, plus remediation activites reinforces the writing process, helping studonts for students who have not mastered at-level vocabulary and become stronger and more independent writers. grammar.activity 4 | Identifying sentence patterns of be Read the paragraph. Then follow the directions below. 1. Circle the sentence(s) with the pattern e + adjective(s) 2. Underline the sentence(s) with the pattern Be + noun(s)/noun phrase. 3. Double underline the sentence(s) with the pattern be + prepositional phrase. WORDS TO KNOW Paragraph 1.2 border: (n) the line that divides two countries ‘sclentist: (n) someone who works in science research: (n) the study of information Eienean A Language Scientist Sandhya Narayanan is a National Geographic Explores. She is from Boston, USA, and. ‘Toronto, Canada. She speaks many languages. She is a language scientist. Sandhya works in the Andes Mountains on the border of Peru and Bolivia, She studies two languages there. These languages are old, They are Quechua and Aymara, She studies the change of these languages over time, Her research teaches us about languages in the world OCC Ly 8 UNIT 1 «Sentence BasicsCo) ee Ce Ce Ry Seen eee’ SR ee ieee ge eee nar Dee eed Perce cetera eure h tute teen gh een eee S 4 FREEWRITE | Look at the photo. On a separate piece of paper, write what you know or RA RUN ee oo kei eo Onea ELEMENTS OF GREAT WRITING What Is a Sentence? A simple sentence is a group of words that: + expresses a complete thought + has a subject and a verb + has an object and/or other information after the verb EMSs re) cal les issue Mavia sings. Maria and her sister | play the piano, They sing and play beautiful songs cevory day. Maria's brother plays soccer and basketball ‘The subject: * is the person or thing that does the action + can be a noun or a pronoun ‘The verb: * shows the action or state of the subject + is sometimes an action word, such as go, speak, write, swim, or watch + is sometimes a non-action word, such as be, like, want, or need The object: + receives the action of the verb + can be anoun or a pronoun activity 1 | Identifying subjects, verbs, and objects Underline the subject in each sentence. Circle the verb(s). Double underline any objects. 1, My friend and I play tennis. 2. Bun and Hae-Won skate. 3. The university has business and education classes. 4, Abdullah and Salem take and share pictures. 5, The science class studies climate change, 4. UNIT 1 + Sentence Basics6. The history professors give long lectures. 7, Eva reads newspapers, magazines, and books. 8. The performer sings, acts, and dances activity 2 | Using subjects, verbs, and objects Fill in each blank with the correct subject, verb, or object. Use words from the word box. ‘Amazon Go Caroline enjoys She wakes up artives asses her job takes WORDS TO KNOW Paragraph 1.1 attend: (1) to go toa meeting, class, and soon break: (n) a pause or stop in work or activity Ecnunke) A Great Place to Work 1 hhas a great job at Amazon Go.?____ works there on Mondays, ‘Tuesdays, and Thursdays. She does not work there on Wednesdays because she attends : at Jefferson Community College. On her workdays, Caroline ¢ at 6am. She __at the store at 8 a.m. She $__ from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. She z her break from 12:30 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. Caroline likes * very much, She?___ her coworkers, too. For Caroline, ®___ is a great place to work. re Cee ete cs Tg iciAvoiding Fragments A fragment is an incomplete sentence. It: + is missing a subject or a verb + does not have a complete idea ¥ John is my brother. He works at Ames Bank. X John is my brother. Works at Ames Bank. ¥ Many people have white cars. X Many people white cars, Check your work to avoid writing fragments. WRITER'S NOTE Using /tas a Subject ‘Use Ir as the subject to talk about weather and time, Without the Zé subject, you have a fragment. ¥ It snows a lot this time of year. X Snows a lot this time of year. ¥ Itis five otlock now. X Is five o'clock now. activity 3 | Identifying fragments Write F for fragment and S for complete sentence. Then correct the fragments. 1, © Hans lives in a big apartment. kes 2,__!_ My mother breakfast every morning, 3. __Is sunny today. 4 Abdul has a ear, 5. ‘They my cousins from Miami 6, __It twelve o'clock. 7. ___ Michael likes football. 8, ___Nicole and Jean best friends. 9 ___ Colombia is in South America, 10,___ Has a subject and a verb. 8 UNIT 1 + Sentence BasicsSentences with the Verb Be common verb in English. It has three forms in the simple present: am, #, are sentence patterns of ée, Beis ave Be is never followed by an object. Here are three common Subject + Be + Adjective(s) ato ADJECTIVE(S) 1 am happy. YouwWe/They are young, He/She/It is fun and interesting. Subject + Be + Noun(s)/Noun Phrase Bec Remeenenos i am a mother and a doctor. The players are team, Ceviche is 1 seafood dish. Subject + Be + Prepositional Phrase Stoo onsuelnnes 1 am at school My keys are on the table, The test is in the morning, You can use more than one pattern at a time in a sentence: adj prep phr | am happy at work, nphr prep phe She Is a top chef in Asia, on. s in Tafactivity 4 | Identifying sentence patterns of be Read the paragraph. Then follow the directions below. 1. Circle the sentence(s) with the pattern e + adjective(s) 2. Underline the sentence(s) with the pattern Be + noun(s)/noun phrase. 3. Double underline the sentence(s) with the pattern be + prepositional phrase. WORDS TO KNOW Paragraph 1.2 border: (n) the line that divides two countries ‘sclentist: (n) someone who works in science research: (n) the study of information Eienean A Language Scientist Sandhya Narayanan is a National Geographic Explores. She is from Boston, USA, and. ‘Toronto, Canada. She speaks many languages. She is a language scientist. Sandhya works in the Andes Mountains on the border of Peru and Bolivia, She studies two languages there. These languages are old, They are Quechua and Aymara, She studies the change of these languages over time, Her research teaches us about languages in the world OCC Ly 8 UNIT 1 «Sentence Basicsactivity 5 | Scrambled sentences Unscramble the words and phrases to write complete sentences. 1. My name / Angela / is Myname is Angela 2. from Kearney, Nebraska /1/am 3. in the middle of the United States / a small city / Kearney / is 4, a professor / My mother / is 5. My father / a small business owner / is 6. am / the oldest child / 1/ in my family 7. tall /1/ am, 8. Hiking /is / my hobby 9. am/I/an/ English teacher 10. is / Teaching / exciting and fun activity 6 | Writing sentences A. Write eight simple sentences about yourself, Follow the examples 1 2 3. 4B. Take turns reading your sentences to a partner. Then write three or four things you learned about him/her. a 3. 4 Grammar: Expressing Place and Time A prepositional phrase is a group of words that: + begins with a preposition, such as af, in, or om * includes a noun or pronoun, called the object of the preposition A prepositional phrase of place tells about location. It answers the question Where? We usually put it at the end ofa sentence. We eat a lot of salad at home, ‘The computer is on the desk. Loretta lives in my house. A prepositional phrase of time tells about time. It answers the question Wien? We usually put it at the end of a sentence. It often goes after a prepositional phrase of place if both are present. Michelle reads the newspaper in the morning, ‘She sees him at the bank on Mondays. A time word or time phrase also answers the question When? and can come at the end of a sentence, Eric watches TV daily Marco works every afternoon. If you start a sentence with an expression of time, it is common to use a comma. In the spring, everyone has finals. Today, we have an important meeting Twice a Week, Teresa volunteers at the library. 10. UNIT1 «Sentence BasicsHere are some common ways to express place and time. EPOSITIONAL PHRASES | PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES | 714 wonne ap PHRASES Cas OF TIME at school at 900 am. today atthe bank ‘atnoon now con the wall stright ‘very day ‘on Main Street in the maring ‘once a week in the bag ‘on Saturdays twice a mont in Istanbul ‘on October 14 three times a year For more information on the prepositions af, in, and on, see the Writer’s Handbook. activity 7 | Scrambled sentences Unscramble the words and phrases to write complete sentences. 1. Amal / five days a week / works / at the hospital 2. Silvia and Ana / nice a week / at City College / grammar / study 3. at the gym / exercises / Janie / every day 4, we / take / every week / in Mrs. Wang’s class / an important quiz 5. puts / Eric / his books / in the afternoon / in his car 6 eats dinner / once a week / Sulaiman / at a restaurant 7. Sara/ once a month / a pie / bakes / in the oven 8. I/ busy / right now / am / at work 9. Paul and Carrie / their grandmother / every month / visit / in Miami 10. we / coffee / have / every morning / at the café 1"Grammar: There /s/There Are + Prepositional Phrase Use there is/there are to say that something exists. Use there is/there are + a prepositional phrase to say where something is. When you begin a sentence with ¢here, the subject follows the verb de. Use is with singular subjects. Use are with plural subjects. es Ea Bru Es There is cone Earth There is meeting in the conference room. There are ‘ho types of elephants. Thre ° ‘hwo empty chaies at the table activity a | Analyzing a paragraph Read the paragraph. Underline the five sentences with there is and there are. Number them 1-5. ‘Then answer the questions that follow. WORDS TO KNOW Paragraph 1.3, common: (ad)) usual object: (n) thing leader: (n) a person in control of a situation or place simple: (adj) basic, uncomplicated location: (n) place Eicuke) My Colorful Classroom My classroom is very colorful There ar twenty desks inthe room, Each desk has a dark brown seat and a shiny white top. There is a world map on the left side of the room. This map shows the locations of all the countries in the world, and each continent! is a different color. There are two posters on the right side of the room. There is a list of fifty common verbs on the first poster. The second poster has some simple pictures of fruits and vegetables. On the bulletin board, there are some pictures of famous leaders. ‘These objects make my classroom colorful. ‘continent one of the seven main areas of land on the Earth (Africa, ‘Antarctica, Asia, Anstrlia, Europe, North America, and South America)1. Which sentences use there are? 2. What are the subjects of these sentences? 3. Which sentences use there is? ‘4, What are the subjects of these sentences? 5. Where is the world map? 6. Where are the posters? 7. Where are the pictures of famous leaders? activity 9 | Editing a paragraph ‘The paragraph has four errors with there is/there are. Find and correct them. WORDS TO KNOW Paragraph 1.4 follow: (¢) io go after Erecn Pionero nea) eae) The English Alphabet Sonos ‘There have 26 letters in the English alphabet. There is five vowel letters and 21 consonant letters. The five vowels are 4, ¢ i, o,and u. The letters wand y can be vowels when they follow other vowels, There three letters with the a sound in their names. These letters are a,j, and & Are nine fetters with the ¢ sound in their names. These are 0 6d. ‘fs, and x If you want to write well in English, you must learn the 26 letters of the English alphabet.